2023英语高考命题总复习----完形填空（说明文）

这是一份2023英语高考命题总复习----完形填空（说明文），共22页。

Passage 1
(2021·辽宁实验中学高三月考)The cmplaints started a few weeks after Frances mved int her new apartment. Last year, the health-care wrker and her rmmate began 1 messages frm the building's security fficer, passed n frm the wman living in the unit belw-they were t 2 , mved chairs t ften and their guests talked and laughed lud.
T Frances, the nises were part f everyday living. Her rmmate tended t drp things. Friends' children 3 visited and ran arund. “It was 4 ”says Frances. “Anything we did caused her t cmplain-and she wns and we rent, s if we culdn't slve it, we assumed it was we wh wuld have t mve.”
T make matters wrse, Frances and her neighbr culdn't talk t each ther. The key fbs fr their building allwed 5 nly t their wn flrs. Thugh they lived just meters 6 they had n way t reach ut and bridge their divide-acrss which Frances culd feel bad feelings 7 ,“When yu dn't knw the persn, yu expect the wrst,” says Frances.“We thught this neighbr 8 us.”
Frances had n way t knw what her neighbur was thinking abut r what she was like, s she fund it easy t presume the wrst. Scial psychlgist call it “ fundamental attributin(归因) errr”，the act f believing that what a persn des reflects their real 9 .“If we experience smething as being negative 10 the effect it has n us, we autmatically assume negative intentin n the ther persn's part,” 11 a cnflict cnsultant. And that can create a spiral(螺旋形)f 12 withut end. If clleagues make a paperwrk mistake, we think they are 13 ,when they might just be verwrked. If smene 14 us ff in traffic, we suppse they are careless, 15 pssibly dealing with an emergency.
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例子介绍了人们在社交中出现的摩擦和冲突及造成这一现象的原因；解读他人行为时归因于其人品而忽略其所处的环境
1.C [accept“接受”；take“拿；取”；receive“收到”；admit“承认”。根据下文＂messages frm the building's security fficer, passed n frm the wman living in the unit belw”可知，信息是楼下的女人经由保安传递来的，是客观上收到信息。故选C.]
2.A [nisy“吵闹的”；jyus"欢乐的”；implite“不礼貌的”；strict“严格的”。根据“mved chairs t ften and their guests talked and laughed lud”可知，此处表示太吵了。故选A.]
3.D [fficially“官方地”；hardly“儿乎不”；naturally“自然地”；ccasinally“偶尔地”。根据常识可知，朋友的孩子应是偶尔会来。救选D. ]
4.C [interesting“有趣的”；mving“令人感动的”；frustrating“令人沮丧的”；imitating“令人不愉快的”。根据本段最后一句中的＂s if we culdn't slve it, we assumed it was we wh wuld have t mve”可知，如果不能解决噪音的事情，她们将不得不搬家，这是令人沮丧的。故选C. ]
5.B [根据上文“Frances and her neighbr culdn't talk t each ther”可知，她们不能和邻居交谈，因此推断她们的电子钥匙只能够进入自己住的楼层。allw access t“允许进入”。故选B.]
6.B [根据上文“frm the wman living in the unit belw”可知，她们是邻居，因此只相隔几米远。故选B.]
7.D [disappear“消失”；reward“奖励”；damage“损害”；increase“增加”。根据上文“make matters wrse, Frances and her neighbr culdn't talk t each ther.”可知，不能跟邻居沟通应是让Frances(弗朗西丝)不好的感受又增加了。故选D.]
8.A [hate“厌恶”；fear“恐惧”；like“喜欢”；anny“使恼怒”。根据第一段可知，邻居认为她们太吵了总是抱怨，故此处表示邻居会厌恶她们。故选A.]
9.B [intelligence“智力”；character“性格”；appearance“外表”；ability“能力”。根据上文“what her neighbur was thinking abut r what she was like”可推知，此处是指“他们真实的性格”。故选B.]
10.A [in terms f“在····方面”；in search f“寻找”；in charge f“负责”；in case f“万一”。根据下文“we autmatically assume negative intentin n the ther persn's part”可推断，此处表示某件事在对我们的影响方面是消极的，那么我们就会认为对方有消极的意图。故选A.]
11.C [句意：“如果我们经历某件事对我们的影响是消极的，我们会自动地假定对方有消极的意图。”一位冲突顾问解释说。根据上文引用的话可知，这是一位冲突顾问的解释，解释什么是基本归因错误。故选C.]
12.D [discussin“讨论”；cmpetitin“竞争”，cperatin“合作”；cnflict“冲突”。根据上文中的“a cnflict cnsultant”并结合上文内容可知，此处表示冲突没完没了。故选D.]
13.C [upset“难过的”；cheerful“高兴的”；lazy“懒惰的”；tired“疲惫的”。根据上文we autmatically assume negative intentin n the ther persn’s part”可知，我们会自动地假定对方有消极的意图，因此如果同事犯了错误，我们自动认为他们是懒惰的。故选C.]
14.B[根据上文提到的基本归因错误可推知，此处表示如果有人在路上挡了我们的道，我们会认为他们是粗心的。cut ff 意为“切断；阻挡”。故选B.]
15.A [句意；如果有人在路上挡了我们的道，我们会认为他们粗心大意，而不是可能正在处理紧急事件。rather than“而不是”；apart frm“除了＇ther than“除了”mre than“超过”。根据句意可知，上下文是对比说明，应用rather than.故选A.]
Passage 2
(2021·山东淄博市高三二模)Are yu learning anther language? Maybe yu're trying t study it fr wrk, r maybe yu're trying t master it just fr the 1 f it? Language learning is nthing new, f curse, but technlgy has made it 2 than ever t grasp.
The ppularity f language-learning apps in particular has 3 arund the wrld, especially as mre peple are wrking r studying at hme. They are usually easy and 4 t use because yu can 5 them n yur smart phne. And apps can ffer languages nt ppular enugh t be 6 at evening classes r schls r universities.
Many f us are aiming t learn a freign language t 7 us t cmmunicate with peple arund the wrld. But, maybe 8 , it's the British, wh are nt well-knwn fr their enthusiasm fr language learning, wh are leading the way in the 9 f these apps.
10 ,fr anyne trying their hand at a new language, what 11 them t carry n learning when there isn't a teacher arund t manage their 12 ? Clin Watkins frm Duling said that fr UK learners at least, ＂Peple are learning because f 13 , brain training, family, and relatinships, alng with schl and travel. We want a 14 use f ur time, and t d smething prductive n ur phnes. " Certainly, mastering mre than ne 15 is a gd thing, and it helps us t bring the wrld a little clser tgether.
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了语言学习应用程序在全球范围内蓬勃发展以及人们学习语言是为了与世界更紧密地联系在一起。
1.B [根据语境以及前文“just fr”可知，此处是指“只是为了好玩”。故选B.]
2.D [根据前文“but technlgy has made it”可推知，科技的出现，使得现在掌握语言比以前更容易。故选D.]
3.A [bm“繁荣，兴旺”；decline“下降，拒绝”；identify“鉴定，辨认”；crash“碰撞，破产”。后文“mre peple are wrking r studying at hme”提到越来越多的人在家里工作或学习，因此语言学习应用程序在全球范围内蓬勃发展。故选A]
4.C [natural“自然的”；essential“基本的”；cnvenient“方便的”；wrthwhile“有价值的”。后文提到可以在手机上使用这应用程序，因此，使用它们是很方便的。故选C.]
5.B[句意：它们通常很容易很方便被使用，因为你可以在你的能手机上使用它们。cnnect“连接”；access“使用，访问，接近”；recgnize“识别，认出”；remember“记得”。故选B]
6.D [句意：应用程序还可以提供夜校、中小学或大学不教授的冷门语言。questin“询问”；write“写”；direct“指导，管理”；teach“教授”。根据常识可知，语言在学校中是被教授给学生的。故选D.]
7.C [permit“允许”；engage“吸引，雇用”；enable“使能够”；enhance“提高”。根据后文“t cmmunicate with peple arund the wrld”可知，很多人想学一门外语是为了让自己能够与世界各地人交流。故选C.]
8.A [根据后文“the British, wh are nt well-knwn fr their enthusiasm fr language learning, wh are leading the way in the 9 f these apps”可知，英国人对语言学习的热情并不高，但是却引领了这些应用程序的发展。这是一件令人惊讶的事情。故选A.]
9.B [strength“力量，力气”；grwth“发展，成长”；faith“信仰”；recvery“恢复”。根据前文“wh are leading the way”可知，英国人引领着语言应用程序的发展。故选B.]
10.C [instead“反而，代替”；mrever“而且，此外”；nevertheless“然而，不过”；therwise“否则，另外”。根据后文“what 11 them t carry n learning when there isn't a teacher arund t manage their 12 ”可知，在没有老师指导他们进步的情况下，是什么激励他们继续学习呢？此处应是表达一种转折的疑问。故选C.]
11.D［cmmit“承诺”；frce“压迫”；persuade“说服”；mtivate“激励，激发”。根据语境以及后文“carry n learning”可知，此处表示是什么激励他们继续学习。故选D.]
12.C [句意：然而，对于尝试学习一门新语言的人来说，在没有老师指导他们进步的情况下，是什么激励他们继续学习呢？experience“经验”；pinin“观点”；prgress“进步”；cmpetence“能力，胜任”。根据语境以及前文“a teacher arund t manage their”可知，此处表示老师指导他们进步。故选C.]
13.A [句意：来自 Duling(多邻国）的Clin Watkins(科林·沃特金斯）说，至少对英国学习者来说，人们为了学习文化、大脑训练、家庭、人际关系，以及学校和旅行而学习。根据后文并列词“brain training, family, and relatinships, alng with schl and travel”可知，此处应该填与这些词同层次的词。故选A.]
14.B [negative“消极的”；psitive“积极的”；private“私人的”；actual“真实的”。根据后文“t d smething prductive n ur phnes”可知，用手机做一些富有成效的事情，这是积极利用时间。故选B.]
15.C [根据后文“it helps us t bring the wrld a little clser tgether”可知，语言帮助我们把世界更紧密地联系在一起，因此掌握一种以上的语言是一件好事。故选C.]
Passage 3
(2022·湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三月考)What wuld happen if the human brain was cnnected t a pwerful cmputer? That is what Kevin Warwick, a prfessr at the University f Reading, UK, 1 t find ut. “I want t have a g at cmpletely changing what it means t be 2 ,” he says.
Sn he will have an 3 . A glass tube will be placed arund a grup f nerves in his arm. Inside the tube there will be tiny cmputer circuits. These will 4 messages being sent t the brain and send them t a cmputer.
“Pain prvides a clear electrnic signal n the nervus system as it mves frm its 5 f rigin t the brain. We want t find ut what happens if that signal is sent t the cmputer and then played back again. Will I feel the 6 pain?" says Kevin Warwick.
It is nt just abut 7 .The human nervus system sends a wide variety f ther messages t the brain, s there culd be many different 8 .The cmputer culd prvide the eyes fr a blind persn, Anxius f depressed peple are ften given drugs t make them feel 9 ,But what if they culd dwnlad feelings f happiness directly int their minds? Imagine yu are thusands f miles away frm yur lved nes, Yu lve them and 10 t be back with them. Then yu stre these 11 n a cmputer and send them t yur family as an e-mail.
Prfessr Warwick believes that the success f his new experiment culd lead t the evlutin f humans. A human will be ne 12 t use the memry and mathematical pwer f the cmputer. He r she will be able t cmmunicate thughts and feelings 13 acrss the planet using the Internet. Peple have used their intelligence t create increasingly intelligent 14 . Has the time nw cme fr the tw t 15 tgether?
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。如果人类的大脑与一台功能强大的计算机相连，会发生什么？英国University f Reading(雷丁大学）教授 Kevin Warwick(凯文·沃里克）通过实验证明这会导致人类的进化。
1.C [句意：这正是英国雷丁大学教授凯文·沃里克想要发现的。根据上文“What wuld happen if the human brain was cnnected t a pwerful cmputer?”可知，教授打算查明这个问题的答案。故选C.]
2.B[句意：“我想尝试彻底改变作为人类的意义，”他说。advanced“高级的”；human“人类的”；artificial“人工的”；cmpetitive“有竞争力的”。根据上文“What wuld happen if the human brain was cnnected t a pwerful cmputer?”可知，让人脑与电脑相连将改变作为人类的意义。故选B.]
3.A [peratin“手术”；adjustment“调整”；assessment“评估”；examinatin“检查”。根据下文“A glass tube will be placed arund a grup f nerves in his arm.”可知，此处指他要动手术了。故选A.]
4.C [句意：这些装置将接收发送到大脑的信息并将其发送到计算机。give ff“发出”；turn int“变成”；pick up“接收，捡起”；make up“组成”。根据下文“messages being sent t the brain and send them t a cmputer”可知，此处指接收发送到大脑的信号。故选C.]
5.D[此处指当疼痛从源头转移到大脑，会在神经系统上提供一个清晰的电子信号。pint f rigin“（疼痛的）起点、原点”。故选D.]
6.C [awful“可怕的”；usual“通常的”；same“同样的”；slight“稍微的”。根据上文“Pain prvides a clear electrnic signal n the nervus system as it mves”可知，此处指 Kevin Warwick 猜测自己是否能感受到相同的疼痛。故选C.]
7.B [根据上文“Pain prvides a clear electrnic signal n the nervus system as it mves”可知，神经不仅能传送疼痛。故选B.]
8.B[句意：人类神经系统向大脑发送各种各样的其他信息，因此可能有许多不同的应用。explanatin“解释”；applicatin“应用”；system“系统”；prblem“问题”。根据下文“The cmputer culd prvide the eyes fr a blind persn.”可知，本段围绕人类神经不同的应用进行叙述。故选B.]
9.A [句意：焦虑或抑郁的人经常被给予药物以使他们感觉好一些。根据上文“Anxius r depressed peple are ften given drugs”可知，此处是指给焦虑或抑郁的人药物，让他们感觉好一些。故选A.]
10.C [句意：你爱他们，渴望回到他们身边。根据上文“Imagine yu are thusands f miles away frm yur lved nes. Yu lve them”可知，此处是指你渴望回到遥远的爱人身边。lng t d sth“渴望做某事”。故选C.]
11.A [句意：然后你把这些感受储存在电脑上，并以电子邮件的形式发给你的家人。feeling“感受”；greeting“问候”；request“请求”；memry“回忆”。此处应指“Yu lve them and lng t be back with them.”这些感受。故选A.]
12.A [句意：人类将能够使用计算机的记忆和数学能力。根据下文“He r she will be able t cmmunicate thughts and feelings”可知，此处用able表示“能力”。故选A.]
13.C [句意：他或她将能够通过互联网在地球上直接交流思想和感情。indirectly“间接地”；separately“分别地”；directly“直接地”；purpselessly“无目标地”。根据下文“acrss the planet using the Internet”可知，人脑与电脑相连，人与人之间就可以直接交流思想感情了。故选C.]
14.B [句意：人们用他们的智慧创造出越来越智能的机器。根据上文“Then yu stre these 11 n a cmputer and send them t yur family as an e-mail.”可知，此处指 cmputers.故选B.]
15.D [根据上文“A human will be ne 12 t use the memry and mathematical pwer f the cmputer.”可知，此处指现在是将电脑和人脑连接起来的时候吗？jin tgether“（人与电脑）连接在一起”。故选D.]
Passage 4
(2021·湖北高三月考)With abut 100,000 marine animals being chked r injured by plastic every year, the danger psed by the pieces f plastic flating in ur ceans is well-knwn. Hwever, given that mst f the small plastics measure less than 0.5 mm, cllecting them is a 1 task. Nw, sme Dutch envirnmentalists have fund a way t catch plastic waste 2 it reaches the pen seas and falls t pieces.
The 1,500-square-ft Recycled Flating Park is nw flating in the Rtterdam Harbr in the Netherlands. Scientists 3 by develping a “plastic fisher" ,a flating garbage 4 device. Fitted with tw flding arms that enlarge several feet int the water, it uses a net t 5 wrappers, bttles, any ther garbage that flats past.
The mvable device, which tk a year and a half t be perfected, was then placed at the edge f the harbr t cllect the city trash that 6 in the Meuse river, which rse in France and passed thrugh Belgium, and the Netherlands, befre 7 int the Nrth Sea. Since Rtterdam's New Waterway Canal links the river t the Nrth Sea, it was the 8 place t catch the “fresh” plastic waste befre it disappeared int the pen waters and brke int 9 .
The waste cllected by the “plastic fisher” and hundreds f vlunteers, wh 10 the river banks, was then made int 28 hexagnal(六边形的)flats which were 11 t create the park. Sme f the blcks are 12 t visitrs, while thers huse varius types f plants and even trees fr nesting birds. The bttm f the flats prvides a suitable 13 fr algae, mussels, and fish. The recycled 14 can als be used t build sprts stadiums, public walkways, and cultural centers. 15 ,Recycled Flating Park's success will encurage cuntries wrldwide t take n similar plans.
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。每年约有10万只海洋动物因塑料而室息或受伤，海洋中漂浮的塑料碎片所造成的危险是众所周知的，并且这种小垃圾很难收集，一些荷兰环保人士找到了一种方法，建造回收漂浮公园，收集塑料垃圾。
1.A [根据上文“given that mst f the small plastics measure less than 0.5 mm”可知，有些垃圾很小，收集起来很困难，具有挑战性。challenging“有挑战性的”；surprising“令人惊讶的”；reasnable“合理的”；respnsible“有责任的”。故选A.]
2.C [句意：现在，一些荷兰环保人士找到了一种方法，可以在塑料垃圾进入公海并变成碎片之前将其捕获。故选C.]
3.D [根据上文“The 1,500-square-ft Recycled Flating Park is nw flating in the Rtterdam Harbr in the Netherlands.(这个1,500平方英尺的回收漂浮公园现在漂浮在荷兰鹿特丹港。）”可知，科学家开始着手研制“塑料渔网”。故选D.]
4.B [句意：科学家们开始研制一种“塑料渔网”，一种漂浮的垃圾收集装置。calculatin“计算”；cllectin“收集”；dnatin“捐赠”；selectin“选择”。故选B.]
5.A [句意：它有两个可折叠的手臂，可以伸入水中几英尺，用一个网来捕捉漂过的包装纸、瓶子和其他垃圾。catch“抓住”；prvide“提供”；ffer“提供”；prduce“生产”。故选A.]
6.A [句意：完善这个可移动的装置花了一年半时间，后来被安置在海港边来收集聚集在默兹河的城市垃圾，这条河起源于法国，经过比利时和荷兰，然后流入北海。gather“聚集”；circulate“传播，流传”；distribute“分配，分布”；expand“扩大”。故选A.]
7.A [根据第一段中的“it reaches the pen seas”和第三段中的＂disappeared int the pen waters”可知，此处应为同义表达，表示流入北海。flw“流入”；spread“传播”；blw“吹”；extend“延伸”。故选A1 8.
C [句意：由于鹿特丹的新航道运河将这条河与北海连接起来，所以这里是捕捉“新鲜”塑料垃圾的理想场所，在这些塑料垃圾消失在开阔的水域，并分解成碎片之前。central“中心的”；safe“安全的”；ideal“理想的”；remte“遥远的”。故选C.]
9.B [此处对应第一段最后一句中的“it reaches the pen seas and falls t pieces”，此处应为 pieces. mass“大量”；piece“碎片”；pile“堆”；band“群”。故选B.]
10.D［句意：“塑料渔网”和数百名志愿者在河岸上搜寻收集到的垃圾，然后这些垃圾被做成28个六边形的浮板平台，这些浮板平台连接在一起，形成了这个公园。wipe“擦拭，消除”；remve“移动”；submit“提交，呈递”；cmb“搜寻”。故选D.]
11.C [根据下文“create the park”可知，把28个六边形浮板平台连接一起形成公园。separate“分开”；divide“划分”；cnnect“连接”；assrt“分类”。故选C.]
12.D [句意：一些漂浮模块对游客开放，而另一些则为各种各样的植物，甚至是鸟类筑巢的树木提供场地。empty“空的”；blank“空白的”；bare“光秃秃的”；pen“开放的”。故选D.]
13.D [句意：漂浮公园的底部为藻类、贻贝和鱼类提供了适宜的环境。capacity“容量”；lcatin“位置”；exit“出口”；envirnment“环境”。故选D.]
14.B [句意：回收的模块还可以用来建造体育馆、公共人行道和文化中心。上文中的“blcks”也是提示。range“范围”；blck“大块”；space“空间”；square“正方形”。故选B.]
15.A [句意：希望漂浮回收公园的成功将鼓励世界各国采取类似的计划。hpefully“有希望地”；bviusly“显然地”；naturally“自然地”；frtunately“幸运地”。故选A.]
第二步 精深学习
Passage 1
(2022·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三摸底考试)A year after he died, Benjamin Canlas' lve f helping thers lives n.
The Canlas cuple created a fundatin t hnr their sn and his 1 . Benjamin nce saw a fd seller riding a 2 bicycle. T help, Benjamin used his wn mney that he had 3 t fix it. After their sn's 4 ,his parents saw a way t cnnect private dnrs with thse in need t 5 their sn.
In the Philippines, many jbs have been lst as a 6 f the crnavirus crisis. Many have had t take dd jbs indifferent peple's hmes, which 7 mre traveling frm ne place t anther. Hwever, public transprtatin has been 8 . S many peple must walk fr hurs t get t these jbs. Benjamin's parents had the idea t 9 bikes t help.
When the cntest was annunced, they did nt knw hw much 10 there wuld be. At first, their plan was t dnate 7 bicycles. But then they 11 mre than 55 requests. At last, 27 peple were awarded bicycles, which helped make their lives 12 .
Even if the cntest ended, kindness 13 . The fundatin said there were peple still in need. It is planning mre 14 t help mre peple while als 15 thers t be kind and help thers.
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Canlas(卡兰斯）夫妇创立了一个基金会来纪念他们的儿子和他的善意，同时希望这种行为能够激励其他人变得善良、乐于助人。
1.B [句意：Canlas夫妇创立了一个基金会来纪念他们的儿子和他的善良。根据上文“Benjamin Canlas' lve f helping thers lives n”可知，此处表示本杰明的善意。故选B.]
2.C [句意：Benjamin(本杰明）曾经看到一个食品商贩骑着一辆破自行车。secnd-hand“二手的”；traditinal“传统的”；brken“坏的”；fashinable“时尚的”。根据下文“t fix it”可知，破自行车才需要修理。故选C.]
3.A [句意：Benjamin用自己攒的钱去修理破自行车。根据上文“his wn mney”可知，此处表示自己攒的钱。故选A.]
4.C [根据上文“A year after he died”可知，此处表示在他们的儿子去世后。故选C.]
5.A [句意：儿子去世后，他的父母设法将私人捐赠者与那些有需要的人联系起来，以此来纪念儿子。根据上文“The Canlas cuple created a fundatin t hnr their sn and his 1 ”可知，此处表示纪念他们的儿子。故选A.]
6.D [句意：在菲律宾，由于冠状病毒危机，许多人失去了工作。根据下文“the crnavirus crisis”可知，此处表示由于冠状病毒，许多人失去了工作。故选D.]
7.C [句意：许多人不得不在不同的人家里打零工，这意味着更多的人从一个地方流动到另一个地方。根据上文“different peple's hmes”可知，此处是对上一句话的解释说明。故选C.]
8.A [limit“限制”；arrange“安排”；ffer“提供”；ruin“毁坏”。根据下文“S many peple must walk fr hurs t get t these jbs”可知，许多人步行是因为公共交通受到限制。故选A.]
9.B [句意：Benjamin的父母想出了赠送自行车来帮助人们的主意。give away“捐赠”。根据下文“bikes t help”可知，此处表示捐赠自行车。故选B.]
10.D [句意：当宣布比赛时，他们不知道会有多少人感兴趣。time“时间”；investment“投资”；value“价值”；interest“兴趣；利益；利息”。根据下文“their plan was t dnate 7 bicycles”及“27 peple were awarded bicycles”可知，一开始他们的计划是捐赠7辆自行车，后面捐赠了27辆，此处表示很多人感兴趣。故选D.]
11.C [句意：但随后他们收到的请求超过55个。根据下文“At last,27 peple were awarded bicycles”可知，此处表示收到的请求超过55个。故选C.]
12.B[句意：最后，27人收到自行车，这使他们的生活更容易。根据上文“helped make their lives”可知，此处表示他们获得自行车后，生活会更容易一些。故选B.]
13.A [句意：即使比赛结束，善意仍在继续。根据下文“t help mre peple”可知，此处表示善意仍在继续。故选A.]
14.B [句意：它正在计划更多的项目来帮助更多的人，同时也鼓励其他人变得善良，帮助他人。class“班级”；prject“项目”；business“商业”；cmpetitin“竟赛”。根据下文“t help mre peple”可知，此处表示计划更多的慈善项目。故选B.]
15.D [frce“强迫”；allw“允许”；expect“期望”；inspire“鼓励”。根据下文“thers t be kind and help thers”可知，此处表示他们希望自己的行为能激励其他人帮助他人。故选D.]
Passage 2
(2021·山东省济南外国语学校高三月考)Scientists in Nrway have sme gd news fr cffee drinkers. Researchers have already fund evidence that the drink r the beans can help with weight lss, 1 ne's risk f develping sme diseases, prmte muscle grwth, prtect against certain types f cancers and can even reduce ne's risk f premature(早于预期的)death, amng many ther 2 . Nw it is said that a cup f 3 reduces physical pain.
The surprising finding is 4 a study invlving 48 vlunteers wh agreed t spend 90 minutes perfrming cmputer tasks meant t finish ffice wrk. The tasks were knwn t 5 pain in the shulders, neck, frearms and wrists. The researchers wanted t 6 hw peple with pain and thse wh were pain-free tlerated (忍受) the pain f such tasks. As a matter f cnvenience, the scientists allwed peple t drink cffee befre taking the test "t avid 7 effects f caffeine lack, e. g. decreased vigr, sleepiness, and exhaustin," they reprted.
When it came time t analyze the data, the researchers frm Nrway's Natinal Institute f Occupatinal Health and Osl University Hspital nticed that the 19 peple wh drank cffee reprted a 8 intensity(强度)f pain than the 29 peple wh didn't. In the shulders and neck, 9 the average pain was rated 41 ( n a 100-pint scale) amng the cffee drinkers and 55 fr the nn-cffee drinkers. Similar gaps were fund fr all pain sites measured, and cffee's bvius pain-reductin effect 10 .
Hwever, the authrs f the study, which was published this week in the jurnal, BMC Research Ntes, warn that the results f the study cme with many 11 、Fr starters, the researchers dn't knw hw much cffee the cffee drinkers cnsumed befre taking the cmputer tests. 12 , they dubt whether the cffee drinkers and nn-cffee drinkers were 13 in all aspects except fr their cffee cnsumptin. Prblems like these tend t 14 the imprtance f the findings. But thse dubts are 15 t truble the cffee drinkers lking fr any reasn nt t cut back n their daily caffeine habit.
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现咖啡这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。同时文章说明了这项研究的过程以及研究结果，然而这项研究的作者警告说研究仍有许多不确定性。
1.B [根据下文中的“prmte muscle grwth, prtect against certain types f cancers and can even reduce ne's risk f premature(早于预期的）death”可知，这些是咖啡的优点，故此处指减少患某些疾病的风险。故选B.]
2.C [句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。trend“趋势”；advice“建议”；benefit“好处”；prmtin“升职”。故选C.]
3.D [根据上文＂Scientists in Nrway have sme gd news fr cffee drinkers.”可知，此处是指咖啡。故选D.] 4.A [句意：这一惊人的发现是基于一项涉及48名志愿者的研究，他们同意花90分钟执行电脑任务来完成办公室工作。Be based n“基于”；be fnd f“喜欢”；be different frm“不同于”；be regarded as“被认为是”。故选A.]
5.A [句意：这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。cause“造成”；indicate“表明”；ease“缓解”；relieve“解除”。故选A.]
6.B [句意：研究人员想要比较有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人是如何忍受这类任务的疼痛的。warn“警告”；cmpare“比较”；cure“治愈”；treat“对待”。故选B.]
7.A [unpleasant“不愉快的”；mdest“谦虚的”；significant“意义重大的”；psitive“积极的”。根据下文“decreased vigr, sleepiness, and exhaustin”可知，活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫都是不良影响。故选A.]
8.A [根据下文“average pain was rated 41 (n a 100-pint scale) amng the cffee drinkers and 55 fr the nn-cffee drinkers”可知，喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受
试者。故选A.]
9.C [in additin “此外”；as a result“结果”；fr example“例如”；in ne wrd“总之”。上文提到测试的身体部位有肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕，此处只列举了肩部和颈部作为例子。故选C.]
10.A [句意：在所有测量的痛觉部位都发现了类似的差异，结果发现咖啡有明显的止痛效果。turn up“出现”；take up“接受”；put up“提供”；give up“放弃”。故选A.]
11.B [satisfactin“满足”；uncertainty“不确定性”；attentin“注意”；respnse“响应”。根据下文“Fr starters, the researchers dn't knw hw much cffee the cffee drinkers cnsumed befre taking the cmputer tests.”可知，研究人员不知道喝咖啡的人在接受电脑测试前喝了多少咖啡，故这项研究的结果存在许多不
确定性。故选B.]
12.A[句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似。mrever“此外”；hwever“然而”；therwise“否则”；nevertheless“然而”。此处承接上文，进一步说明此项研究的不确定性。故选A.]
13.B [guilty“内疚的”；similar“相似的”；different“不同的”；prper“适当的”。根据句意可知，是在比较喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人之间是否相似。故选B.]
14.D [realize“意识到”；bserve“观察”；measure“测量”；weaken“削弱”。根据上文“Prblems like these tend t”可知，此处是指这些类似的问题往往会削弱研究结果的重要性。故选D.]
15.A [句意：但这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因摄入的咖啡饮用者。unlikely“不可能的”；rderly“有序的”；jealus“嫉妒的”；capable“有能力的”。故选A.]
Passage 3
(2021·江西省南昌二中高三模拟测试)The wrk fr which Thmas Malthus is still mst widely knwn is his An Essay n the Principle f Ppulatin, which first appeared in 1798.This bk intrduced Malthus's 1 that ppulatin inescapably utgrws subsistence(生活资料)，and that this difference between ppulatin size and the ability t adequately meet the 2 subsistence needs f all the members f that ppulatin “naturally" prduces a fundamental struggle fr 3 in which sme flurish at the expense f thers.
Charles Darwin's mst imprtant cntributin t the field f 4 , described in his wrk, On the Origin f Species, was t 5 Malthus's bservatin that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can prvide fr them t his wn 6 f the prcess f “evlutin"-the ntin that different frms f life develp 7 frm a cmmn ancestry (祖先)．Cmbining these elements, Darwin 8 that the factrs f “the struggle fr existence" and “the survival f the fittest" are the central mechanisms 9 which evlutin is based. In this sense, then, Darwin intrduced the pssibility that cnflict and 10 are bilgical phenmena, which are abslutely central t human scial existence.
A number f mre cntemprary scial thinkers were 11 by Darwin and cntinued this particular versin f the cnflict perspective, cmmnly referred t 12 scial Darwinism, int the twentieth century. Thus, fr example, Herbert Spencer, a leading English scial therist, applied these ideas f the natural 13 f cnflict and survival f the fittest t his ntin f scial evlutin, 14 William Graham Summer, an American scilgist, saw the 15 fr survival amng individuals as a push t bring abut fundamental advances in the quality f human scial life verall.
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以Thmas Malthus(托马斯·马尔萨斯）的《人口原理》为切入点，谈及 Charles Darwin(查尔斯·达尔文）提出的进化的核心机制是“生存斗争”和“适者生存”。达尔文影响了许多当代社会思想家，他们的思想统称社会达尔文主义，他们认为竞争能推动社会发展。
1.C [根据上文的“his An Essay n the Principle f Ppulatin”可知，此处指Malthus在《人口原理》一书中的理论。故选C.]
2.B [根据下文的“a fundamental struggle”可知，此处指满足基本生存需要。故选B.]
3.A [根据下文的“the struggle fr existence”可知，此处指一种基本的生存斗争。故选A.]
4.B [根据下文的“On the Origin f Species”可知，此处指他对生物学的贡献。故选B.]
5.D [根据语境可知，达尔文把Malthus的相关观察应用到自己对“进化”过程的分析中，意为“把·····应用于”。故选D.]
6.A [analysis“分析”；emphasis“强调”；questin“问题”；decisin“决定”。下文中的“the ntin that different frms f life develp 7 frm a cmmn ancestry(祖先）”是他对“进化”过程的分析。故选A.]
7.C[根据常识可知，生命是渐渐地发展起来的。故选C.]
8.D [根据常识可知，是达尔文提出了“适者生存”等相关概念。故选D.]
9.B [此处是指进化论是基于这些机制。be based n 意为“基于某物”。故选B.]
10.C [根据上文的“＇the struggle fr existence' and “the survival f the fittest'”可知，此处指斗争。故选C.]
11.D [根据下文的“by Darwin and cntinued this particular versin”可知，此处指达尔文影响了许多当代社会思想家。故选D.]
12.C [根据语境可知，此处指被称为社会达尔文主义，be referred t as意为“被称为”。故选C.]
13.C [根据上文的“the prcess f' evlutin'”可知，此处指冲突的自然过程。故选C.]
14.A [根据语境可知，上下文表示对比，所以用while.故选A.]
15.D [根据上文的“＇the struggle fr existence' and 'the survival f the fittest'”可知，此处指个体之间的生存竞争。故选D]
Passage 4
(2021·山东省滨州市高三二模)Ask peple t name the wrld's tallest peak and anybdy with sund general knwledge will name Munt Qmlangma. But quiz them n its exact 1 and many will be nt sure.
In 1975, Chinese surveyrs 2 that Munt Qmlangma(Munt Everest) was 8,848.13 meters high. As 3 imprved, satellites, pht electricity, radars and gravity measurement technlgies were 4 t get mre exact figures. Of curse, smene still had t carry 5 t what is the wrld's rftp.
In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qmlangma and fund that it was nt as high as that, as they 6 the height t be 8,844.43 meters. Scaling Qmlangma is n 7 task. The average air temperature there is-29 degrees Celsius, even fur degrees 8 than in Antarctica. The snw there is 4-5 meters thick and hurricane-like 9 blw all the time. Team members were training t 10 the extreme cnditins.
In a nutshell, measuring the Qmlangma's height is a tall rder, 11 huge amunts f mney and human resurces. But it is wrth the 12 .Qmlangma is the perfect 13 fr bserving crustal(地壳的) mvements. And changes t the peak's height culd 14 whether the tw plates are heading tward r away frm each ther.
Besides, the cnditin f snw and ther natural materials at the tp is an indicatr f upcming climate change n the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. That's 15 measuring the Qmlangma's height is s significant. Put t gd use, it can benefit mankind.
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了测量珠穆朗玛峰高度的艰难及其重要性。
1.D [根据下文的1975年以及2005年对珠峰高度的测量可知，此处指的是对其高度的精确测量。故选D.]
2.A [根据下文“was 8,848.13 meters high”可知，此处指的是中国的测量员测定珠峰的高度是8,848.13米。determine“测定”。故选A.]
3.B［根据下文的“satellites, pht electricity, radars and gravity measurement technlgies were 4 t get mre exact figures”可知，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术都是科技。故选B.]
4.A [根据下文的“t get mre exact figures”可知，这些高科技被运用到测量珠峰的精确高度中。故选A.]
5.C[根据常识可知，测量是需要设备仪器的，此处指的是需要携带一些设备登山。故选C.]
6.B [根据上文的“In 2005,a Chinese team scaled Qmlangma and fund that it was nt as high as that”以及下文“the height t be 8,844.43 meters”可知，此处指的是中国登山队在2005年计算的珠峰的高度是8,844.43米。故选B.]
7.B［根据下文的“The average air temperature there is-29 degrees Celsius, even fur degrees 8 than in Antarctica.”可知，测量珠峰并不是一件容易的事。故选B.]
8.D [根据上文“－29 degrees Celsius”可知，此处表示珠峰的温度，比南极洲还要低4摄氏度。故选D.]
9.C [根据下文的“blw”可知，此处是指风。故选C.]
10.A［根据下文的“the extreme cnditins”可知，此处表示登山队员们正在训练是为了应对珠峰的极端条件。故选A.]
11.D [根据下文的“huge amunts f mney and human resurces”可知，测量珠峰的高度需要投入大量的人力和物力。故选D.]
12.A［根据下文的“Put t gd use, it can benefit mankind”可知，如果使用得当，它可以造福人类，这项任务值得努力去做。故选A.]
13.B [根据下文的“bserving crustal(地壳的）mvements”可知，珠峰是观测地壳运动的最佳窗口。故选B.]
14.C [两次测量珠峰高度的变化能够揭示两个板块是在朝着相同或是相反的方向运动。故选C.]
15.C［此处在讲述测量珠峰高度的重要性，本句为why引导的表语从句。故选C.]
在语篇中提升
1.different(Passage 1第三段)
选择恰当的“不同”完成句子
①They hld___________ plitical views frm each ther.
②His prgram cvers a___________ range f themes f city envirnment.
③He decided t supprt his rival fr___________ reasns.
2.cnvenience n. ___________ (Passage 2第二段)
___________ cnvenience为了方便
cnvenience
___________ ne's cnvenience在某人方便的时候
It is cnvenient fr sb___________ sth某人做某事方便
be cnvenient___________ sb对某人来说方便
cnvenient adj. ___________
单句语法填空
①T enjy the___________ (cnvenient) f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
②___________ cnvenience, the German translatin is printed belw.
③The website has a mbile versin, which is cnvenient___________ readers t brwse frm their mbile phnes.
④Culd we meet in ur schl lecture hall at 8:00 am this Sunday if___________ is cnvenient fr yu?
3.cnflict(Passage 3 最后一段)
in cnflict(with) ___________
cmes int cnflict___________
n. ___________
reslve the cnflict___________
cnflict
armed/military cnflict___________
v. ___________
翻译
①She fund herself in cnflict with her parents ver her future career.
她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母______________________.
②Jhn ften cmes int cnflict with his bss.
约翰经常和他的老板______________________.
③The gvernment has dne nthing t reslve the cnflict ver nurses' pay.
政府未采取任何措施来______________________.
4.figure(Passage 4 第二段)
a leading figure_________
a tall figure in black_________
n._________
a brnze figure f a hrse. _________
figure
figure ut_________
vt. _________
写出下列句中figure的含义
①I saw a figure appraching in the darkness. _________
②We figured(that) yu'd want t rest after yur jurney. _________
③N ne culd figure ut hw he gt t be s wealthy. _________
④He's a familiar figure in the neighburhd. _________
⑤Ii wuld be very nice if we had a true figure f hw many peple in this cuntry haven't gt a jb. _________
答案:
1.不同的，不一样的 对比 frm 各种各样的，不同的 较强性质或种类 各种各样的，各种不同的 种类不同 定语
选择恰当的“不同”完成句子
①different ②diverse ③varius
2.便利；方便 fr at 方便的，便利的 t d fr/t
单句语法填空
①cnvenience ②Fr ③fr ④it
3.争执，争论，分歧；战斗，战争；抵触，矛盾(和。)产生冲突／矛盾／不一致 发生冲突／争执 解决冲突 武装／军事冲突 冲突，抵触
翻译
①存在着分歧 ②发生争执 ③解决护士工资问题引发的冲突
4.数字；位数；身材，体型；(远处的)人影；(重要的)人物；人像；图、表；图形；价格，金额 一位领军人物 一个黑衣高个子人影 一座青铜马像 认为，估计；理解，弄懂；计算；描绘，想象 弄懂，弄明白
写出下列句中figure的含义
①人影 ②认为 ③弄懂，弄明白 ④人物 ⑤数字1.A. accepting
B. taking
C. receiving
D. admitting
2.A. nisy
B. jyus
C. implite
D. strict
B. hardly
C. naturally
D. ccasinally
B. mving
C. frustrating
D. irritating
B. access
C. rad
D. rute
B. apart
C. dwn
D. abve
B. rewarding
C. damaging
D. increasing
B. feared
C. liked
D. annyed
B. character
C. appearance
D. ability
10.A. in terms f
B. in search f
C. in charge f
D. incase f
11.A. questins
B. asks
C. explains
D. argues
B. cmpetitin
C. cperatin
D. cnflict
13.A. upset
B. cheerful
C. lazy
D. tired
B. cuts
C. sees
D. sets
15.A, rather than
B. apart frm
C. ther than
D. mre than
B. fun
C. effrt
D. game
B. faster
C. better
D. easier
B. declined
C. identified
D. crashed
B. essential
C. cnvenient
D. wrthwhile
B. access
C. recgnize
D. remember
B. written
C. directed
D. taught
B. engage
C. enable
D. enhance
B. frtunately
C. seriusly
D. nrmally
B. grwth
C. faith
D. recvery
B. Mrever
C. Nevertheless
D. Otherwise
B. frces
C. persuades
D. mtivates
B. pinin
C. prgress
D. cmpetence
B. prnunciatin
C. vcabulary
D. grammar
B. psitive
C. private
D. actual
B .manner
C. language
D. fashin
B. helps
C. intends
D. tends
B. human
C. artificial
D. cmpetitive
B. adjustment
C. assessment
D. examinatin
4.A. give ff
B. turn int
C. pick up
D. make up
B. space
C. mment
D. pint
B. usual
C. same
D. slight
B. pain
C. brain
D. messages
B. applicatins
C. systems
D. prblems
B. strnger
C. wiser
D. wrse
B. agree
C. lng
D. refuse
B. greetings
C. requests
D. memries
B. willing
C. brn
D. afraid
B. separately
C. directly
D. purpselessly
B. machines
C. websites
D. bdies
B, meet
C. develp
D. jin
B. surprising
C. reasnable
D. respnsible
B. as
C. befre
D. when
B. dealt
C. succeeded
D. began
B. cllectin
C. dnatin
D. selectin
B. prvide
C. ffer
D. prduce
B. circulated
C. distributed
D. expanded
B. spreading
C. blwing
D. extending
B. safe
C. ideal
D. remte
B. pieces
C. piles
D. bands
B. remved
C. submitted
D. cmbed
B. divided
C. cnnected
D. assrted
B. blank
C. bare
D. pen
B. lcatin
C. exit
D. envirnment
B. blcks
C. spaces
D. squares
B. Obviusly
C. Naturally
D. Frtunately
B. kindness
C. educatin
D. bravery
B. traditinal
C. brken
D. fashinable
B. lst
C. stlen
D. brrwed
B. retirement
C. death
D. graduatin
B. tuch
C. encurage
D. disappint
B. cause
C. recrd
D. result
B. stps
C. means
D. agrees
B. arranged
C. ffered
D. ruined
after
B. give away
C. fix up
D. search fr
B. investment
C. value
D. interest
B. ffered
C. received
D. made
B. easier
C. mre clrful
D. mre meaningful
B. changes
C. finishes
D. appears
B. prjects
C. businesses
D. cmpetitins
B. allwing
C. expecting
D. inspiring
B. reduce
C. increase
D. face
B. advice
C. benefits
D. prmtins
B. water
C. cke
D. cffee
n
B. fnd f
C. different frm
D. regarded as
B. indicate
C. ease
D. relieve
B. cmpare
C. cure
D. treat
B. mdest
C. significant
D. psitive
B. higher
C. shrter
D. lnger
B. as a result
C. fr example
D. in ne wrd
up
B. tk up
C. put up
D. gave up
B. uncertainties
C. attentin
D. respnse
B. Hwever
C. Otherwise
D. Nevertheless
B. similar
C. different
D. prper
B. bserve
C. measure
D. weaken
B. rderly
C. jealus
D. capable
B. reference
C. thery
D. illusin
B. basic
C. lw
D. riginal
B. attendance
C. presence
D. appearance
B. bilgy
C. physics
D. chemistry
B. simplify
C. reply
D. apply
B. emphasis
C. questin
D. decisin
B. ccasinally
C. gradually
D. cnstantly
B. prjected
C. prcessed
D. prpsed
B. n
C. at
D. in
B. cmprmise
C. struggle
D. peace
B. rused
C. prmted
D. influenced
B. fr
C. as
D. by
B. rute
C. prcess
D. channel
B. when
C. unless
D. until
B. race
C. cmpensatin
D. cmpetitin
B. appearance
C. area
D. height
2.A,determined
B. assumed
C. estimated
D. admitted
B. technlgy
C. sciety
D. ecnmy
B. expected
C. apprached
D. inspired
B. vehicles
C. instruments
D. packages
B. calculated
C. extended
D. expanded
B. easy
C. admirable
D. tugh
B. htter
C. higher
D. lwer
B. rains
C. winds
D. snwflakes
with
B. fight fr
C. take n
D. carry ut
B. spending
C. vercming
D. invlving
B. lss
C. harvest
D. achievement
B. windw
C. slutin
D. entrance
B. fresee
C. indicate
D. expse
B. hw
C. why
D. whether
different
adj.___________
强调事物之间的区别，侧重___________，常与介词___________连用
diverse
adj. ___________
语气___________，强调___________不同，侧重表示区别显著
varius
adj. ___________
强调___________，通常作___________