2022年高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编：专题08阅读理解七选五

专题08阅读理解七选五

一、2022年高考真题

1.   （2022年全国甲卷）

Important Things to Know When Dining Out

Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.

Chopstick Rules

The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___.

Hands or Utensils (餐具)

In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.

Making Requests

 ___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.

Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.

A. The more friends you make in your lifetime

B. The more time you spend in any given country

C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils

D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant

E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate

F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them

G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal

2.   （2022年全国乙卷）

Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships.

·Set a regular date

Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.   36    

·More isn't always merrier

Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.   37   . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.

·Practise empathy（共情）

   38   . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.

·   39   

Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.

·Don't rely on technology alone

   40   , but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.

A. Remember important dates

B. Compensate by writing letters

C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper

D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it

E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication

F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media

G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind

3. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)

Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “__36___”  With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___

You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.

C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.

D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?

E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?

F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

4.（2022年1月浙江卷）

I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____

Pick the most important.

____12____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.

Combine your activities.

Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends family, work, play, etc. ____13____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.

____14____

You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.

Lighten up.

The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____15____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.

A. Speed up.

B. Be an active learner.

C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.

D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.

E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.

F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.

G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.

二、2022届模拟题

Passage 1（2022·湖南湘潭·三模）

How to Respond when Someone Judges You

Dealing with judgment from other people can be tough, especially when it’s coming from a friend, family member, or colleague. Judgmental people are unavoidable, but you can easily deal with their criticism using positivity and compassion.

Rid yourself of the judgment. Remember that a judgmental person’s words are a reflection of their own beliefs-and not yours. Critical people criticize themselves more than anyone else. ____1____.

Be sympathetic. Practice sympathy to understand the source of this person’s judgment. It could be that they were judged by parents, family, or friends, in which case this person’s critical attitude would be something they learned(and not necessarily intentional). While that doesn’t excuse their behavior, having sympathy can inform your response. Say things like “____2____,” or “I see where you’re coming from, but…” when you respond to someone’s judgment.

Ask for clarification. ____3____. Ask this person to explain what they said, and find out their motivation for saying it. You could ask then, “What are you trying to say? If you have constructive criticism, I’m open to hearing it.” That way, you’re giving the other person a gentle reminder to phrase their words constructively.

____4____. Be polite but firm when you call out judgmental people. If somebody crosses a line and makes you feel criticized, tell them how you feel. If someone is giving you criticism you didn’t ask for, you could say, “____5____, and I have a plan that works for me.”

A．Stop talking like this

B．Set boundaries in the conversation

C．I understand why you feel that way

D．I feel like I need to deal with this in my way

E．I know you want to talk but this is a sensitive subject for me

F．Judgmental people may not know they’re being rude or unreasonable

G．So the judgment they pass isn’t actually about you, though it can feel personal

Passage 2（2022·四川·石室中学模拟预测）

Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it? ____6____. When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves.

What is being true to yourself?

Being true to yourself means listening to your own thoughts and feelings. ____7____, then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play. Or if there’s a game that your friends are doing that you don’t enjoy, then being true to yourself might mean doing something else instead. Being true to yourself is when your actions match how you really feel.

____8____

When we keep doing things we don’t like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad. Naomi Richards, a children’s life coach said, “Children need to be aware of who they are. If children have this self- awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people. ____9____, and they will have healthy self-esteem.” Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself.

How can I be true to myself?

____10____, and being ok with saying no. Richards explains, “You can be true to yourself by learning how to say ‘no’ and sticking by your beliefs.” However, she adds that being true to yourself is also about being honest with yourself and what you want and need.

A．If you’re free and have nothing to do

B．All of us feel pressure to fit in at times

C．When do you need to be true to yourself?

D．Why is it important to be true to yourself?

E．If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book

F．They won’t be influenced to do things they know are wrong

G．One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people

Passage 3（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）

We all know at least one person shows confidence and grace (优雅) without working at it. ____11____, make sure to avoid the following common body-language errors.

Slouching (佝背)

Slouching is a huge no-no. ____12____. It may be caused by our habit of sitting in front of computers for long periods, but as soon as you get up from your chair, it’s time to straighten out that back. Try squaring out your chest slightly while keeping your shoulders back.

Weak Handshaking

It’s programmed in our. minds to consider somebody with a weak handshake as untrustworthy. Unfortunately, there’s no way around it—you either have a firm handshake and appear trustworthy or you don’t. It’s not a good idea to have a crushing (太用力的) handshake, either. ____13____

Rolling Your Eyes

This is the classic way of showing discomfort or anger. ____14____, but your partner will definitely feel offended by your way of letting them know what they said isn’t worth a second thought.

Leaning (倾斜) Back

____15____. It shows that you’re not threatening. However, there’s a fine line between leaning back right and leaning back wrong. If done incorrectly, you’ll appear to be uninterested in what your partner has to say. It’s better to play it safe and keep a straight back.

A．So try to stand straight

B．If you want your body to make the same impression

C．Sitting backward a bit can be good for your conversation

D．All cultures are different in terms of proper social conduct

E．But it’s one of the most commonly made body- language errors

F．It can feel good to respond to a silly statement by rolling your eyes

G．You can respond with similar amount of pressure that your shaking partner gives

Passage 4（2022·贵州·一模）

If you’re a chronic procrastinator (慢性拖延者), you’re familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you’re probably having trouble getting started in the first place! ____16____.

Start your day with the hardest tasks. Make yourself a plan in the morning and pick the hardest task first. You’ll be most energized in the morning once you’ve eaten breakfast and woken up fully. ____17____. You’ll feel better once it’s done, and then you can move on to a few easier tasks for the rest of the day.

____18____. It can be astonishing to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week’s worth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big barrier, break it all down into tiny pieces. You’ll be able to get started on the smallest crumb and go forward from there.

Tackle your most important task for 15 minutes. Instead of thinking about the total number of hours you’re about to work for, just start. ____19____. This will deal with the fear factor, and you'll likely spend much longer than 15 minutes on your task before you stop working again.

Promise yourself you’ll get a reward when it’s done. You’re probably scared of the next however many hours you need to finish this task. Just tell yourself that when it’s over, you get to celebrate with one of your favorite things. ____20____

A．Write a to-do list to set goals first.

B．Break tasks down into small parts.

C．There are several ways that can help you.

D．Stop punishing yourself for procrastinating.

E．Tell yourself you’ve only got to do it for 15 minutes.

F．Handle your hardest thing on your schedule right then.

G．Use that expectation to push yourself through the pain.

Passage 5（2022·江苏南通·二模）

Tea is currently the world's most popular drink, only after water. However, there was a time when tea was known only to the Chinese.___21___ And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their “Cup of tea?”

While we know that tea drink started in China, its true origin remains something of a mystery. Legend has it that about 5,000 years ago, Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water. Following his discovery, tea was used as medicine, included in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and noblemen. ___22___

___23___ over the years, as tea drinking became an important part of China's rich culture. The great Tang poet Du Fu described his tea-drinking experience in poetic language. Lu Yu, a tea master, wrote The Classic of Tea, which remains the earliest and most famous detailed study on tea in the world.

It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world.___24___ Porters carrying back-breaking loads of tea bricks made their way through dangerous snow-covered mountain passes, to trade Sichuan and Yunnan tea for horses: ___25___ As early as the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when returning to Japan. Around the 1600s, tea was shipped to Europe from China by Portuguese and Dutch sea traders.

A．So, how did tea originate in China?

B．But how was tea introduced overseas?

C．Tea became the main theme in ancient poems,

D．The love of tea inspired many people to write about it,

E．Over time, the gift of tea was further delivered to Western Asia and Eastern Africa.

F．Eventually, it became a common drink enjoyed and embraced by all Chinese people.

G．Tang and Song Dynasties needed strong Tibetan horses, the Tea Horse Road was born.

Passage 6（2022·北京顺义·二模）

When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?”____26____ Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning.____27____

Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question.____28____ A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.

Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it.____29____ On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to use it.

____30____ Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.

A．In nature, everything gets recycled.

B．To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it.

C．It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.

D．Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群).

E．This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.

F．It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.

G．His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.

Passage 7（2022·广东佛山·二模）

Understanding Your Feelings Helps You Name And Tame (驯服) Them

We all experience various feelings all the time. Some of them feel great, some feel unpleasant, and it’s helpful to be able to recognize and understand how you’re feeling so you know how to deal with it.

____31____ They can include anger, sadness, worry, loneliness and shame, as well as surprise, happiness, courage and hope, among many others.____32____ All feelings are there to be felt and some can be more uncomfortable than others. It’s OK and natural to experience different emotions – and that includes emotions that might not feel nice.

To deal with your feelings you need to recognize what they are. ____33____ Are your fists clenched (攥紧)? Does it seem like there’s a knot in your stomach? Next, pay attention to what you’re thinking at this time. ____34____ Or are you thinking that you really don’t want to do something? Once you have identified how you’re feeling, you can label it by saying, for example, “I’m feeling angry” or “I’m feeling lonely” .

You can understand a difficult feeling and help yourselfto handle it. ____35____ If you’re upset about a difficult feeling, like “I’m feeling angry”, you might count to ten to calm down. Perhaps you notice “I’m feeling nervous”, and you might talk to someone about it. The person you talk to may be able to give you reassurance, more information, a different point of view, or even help you take action to deal with the cause of your difficult feeling.

A．Experts call this “name it to tame it” .

B．How can you deal with different feelings?

C．Perhaps you have the thought, “It’s not fair” .

D．Feelings are how people experience emotions.

E．First of all, notice what’s going on with your body.

F．They are shown through various body movements, to begin with.

G．Feelings are sometimes labelled as good or bad but that isn’t helpful.

Passage 8（2022·广东广州·一模）

How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.

Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. ____36____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.

_____37_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____38_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.

When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. ____39____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.

And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.   ____40____

A．You also learn what you’re good at.

B．Here is how you can be more resourceful.

C．These may be practical things like pens and paper.

D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.

E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.

F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.

G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.