2021岳阳高二下学期期末英语试题含解析

这是一份2021岳阳高二下学期期末英语试题含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分为四部分，共12页°，15等内容，欢迎下载使用。

岳阳市2021年高中教学质量检测试卷
高二英语
时量：120分钟；满分：150分。
注意事项：
1.本试卷分为四部分，共12页°
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号与校名填写在答题卡的相应位置。
3,全部答案在答题卡上完成，卷在本试卷上无效）
第一部分：听力（共两小节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后.你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转 涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳 选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题 和阅读下一小题,每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £ 19.15. B, £9.18. C. £9J5.
1. Where is Julie now?
A. In the hospital. B. In the cafeteria. C In the classroom.
2. What is the man's suggestion?
A, They eat out B. They go home. C. They try out the design.
3.What docs the woman mean?
A. The concert starts at 7:30.
B. She has been to the concert.
C. The man may go with Betty.
4. When did the man last meet Jessie?
A. Last September. B Last October. C. Two years ago.
5. How docs the woman feel about her speech?
A. Nervous. B. Confident C. Excited.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22・5分）
听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读 各个小题.每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. What do we know about No.8 Station Road?
A. It has the man's lucky number
B. It has got four bedrooms,
C H has a garage.
7. Which one have the speakers decided on?
A. The one with a big garden.
B. The one next to the station.
C. The one without a garage.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Playing sports. B. Watching games. C. Jogging often.
9. Why does the man refuse to have a tennis game with the woman?
A, He is interested in playing it at home.
B. He is too busy to play a game.
C. He only enjoys watching such a game.
10. What do we know about the man from the conversation?
A. He is a volleyball fan.
B. He gets up very early every day.
C. He lakes an active part in all kinds of sports.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. When did the conversation most probably take place?
A. On Friday. B. On Sunday C. On Monday.
12. Why did the woman call the man?
A, To invite him to dinner
B. To introduce him to her good friends.
C. To ask him to go on a trip with her.
13, What did (he woman say about the party?
A. She thought it was the worst.
B. She didn’t like the food,
C. She really enjoyed it,
听第9段材料.回答第14至16题.
14. What kind of blouse will the woman buy?
A. A blue cotton one. B, A blue silk one. C. A cream silk one.
15. Why does the woman follow the man's advice about the blouse ?
A. She finds it cheap. B. She's fond of it. C .It's from the south
16. How much should the woman pay for the air tickets?
A. £ 9. B. £90 C.£450
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. How did Holmes make a living?
A. By cutting hair for kids.
B, By selling story books.
C. By working in a library.
18. What would Holmes do when kids met difficulties in reading?
A. Give them some help in time.
B. Change the book for another one,
C. Ask them to read slowly and quietly.
19. What does Holmes think of those kids?
A. They have a strong desire to learn.
B. They are very difficult to deal with.
C. They are hesitant to open their minds.
20. What is the talk mainly about?
A. A volunteer project. B. A special volunteer. C A mobile library.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题,每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A, B, C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.
A
Visit the UC Botanical Garden
Hours
Ilie Garden is open by reservation only.
Members Hour: 9—11 a.m. Workdays, 8—11 a.m. Saturday
General Admission: 12 a.m.—4 p.m. daily
Closed the First Tuesday of the month
Admission
Online advanced admission tickets are: required for all visitors, including members. Members must Sign in io receive their free admission.
Adults: $15
Seniors(65+): $12
Juniors(7—17): $7
Children 6 and under: Free
Non-UCB Students: $12
UCB faculty, staff, & students: Free
Visit Guidelines
Face coverings are required for visitors over the age of two. Please keep 6 feet of distance between you and other visitors who are not in your social group. While UCBG has taken necessary safety measures, there is still a risk of exposure to COVID-19 in any public place where people are present. Please slay home if you are sick.
Please stay on the paths and out of the Garden beds. The Garden is a living museum for the public to enjoy and respect. Do not damage, pick, or remove any plant material or items in the Garden, The Garden is a research facility with many ongoing projects that must not be disturbed.
Smoking is not allowed.
Pets are not allowed in the Garden to protect our plant collection. However, trained service dogs are permitted.
Photoshoots arc currently not allowed due to pandemic health restrictions.
1. When can a member visit the botanical garden?
A. 8 am. Friday, 5 March B. 9 am. Tuesday, 2 March
C. 10 am, Saturday, 6 March D. 3pm, Thursday, 4 March
2. How much should a UCB student pay if he visits the garden with his grandparents in their late sixties?
A. $12 B. $24 C. $30 D. $ 36
3. Which of the following is allowed to do in the botanical garden?
A. Taking photos of the flowers in the garden beds. B. Walking on the path with a guide dog.
C. Collecting seeds of the plants. D. Picking fruits on the tree.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则参观加州大学植物园的布告，介绍了参观时间、费用和参观指南。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hours部分中“Members Hour: 9—11 a.m. Workdays 8—11 a.m. Saturday(会员时间：工作日上午9时至11时；星期六上午8时至11时 )”可知，会员3月6日星期六上午10点可以参观植物园。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Admission部分中“Seniors(65+): $12；UCB faculty, staff, & students: Free(老人（65岁以上）：12美元；UCB教职工和学生：免费)”可知，如果一个UCB的学生和他快70岁的祖父母一起去花园，他要付12+12=24美元。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Visit Guidelines部分中“Pets are not allowed in the Garden to protect our plant collection. However, trained service dogs are permitted.(宠物不得进入花园，以保护我们收集的植物。但是，训练有素的服务犬是允许的)”可知，允许在植物园里和导盲犬在小路上散步。故选B。
B
The world held its breath when the scene of a car crash was broadcast on five television and the name Tiger Woods flashed across the screen. The Los Angeles Times reported the car rolled over many times and Woods was not able to get out of the car on his own. Fortunately, he was wearing his seat belt, which very likely saved his life. Woods was saved from the badly damaged car with the "jaws of life" by firefighters. Then he was immediately transported to Harbor-UCLA, the busiest hospital in Los Angeles, and was undergoing surgery for leg injuries, as recent reports said.
Thankfully, his injuries aren't life-threatening. We do have some clues in the released statements as to what injuries Woods has suffered. First, we heard about open fractures, in which the broken bones poke (露出)through the skin. Woods is said to have had a rod (杆) placed down a bone, which is one way to treat a fracture and allow the bone to heal in a better position. Given the multiplicity of fractures, Woods may have also had an external fixator, something kept outside the skin. Moving forward, he will also need to heal and strengthen his muscles, which can take a year or longer
Woods, 45, is one of the most successful professional golfers of all time. He has won 15 major championships and most recently won The Masters in 2019 after missing a good deal of lime recovering from a back injury. It is far too early to say whether he will play professional golf again, and there is no doubt his injuries are a severe obstacle to his chances of ever returning to the tour, particularly because he is in his 40s, and has suffered other career-threatening injuries.
Woods's tragedies are what makes him human, but his comebacks are what make him inspirational. Woods's legendary story has been marked by several peaks and valleys. Let’s hope this is the deepest valley before the greatest peak.
4. Which probably saved Tiger Woods life in the crash?
A. Rod placed down a bone.
B. Jaws of life used by firemen.
C. Seat belt worn by him.
D. An external fixator.
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Woods suffered life-threatening injuries in this accident.
B. It will Lake Woods a year to recover.
C. Woods can never play professional golf again.
D. Woods’ injuries are career threatening.
6. What made Tiger Woods a legendary golfer?
A. Winning many championships.
B. His ear accident in the journey.
C. His serious injuries.
D. Ups and downs in his life.
7. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He is indifferent to Woods’ accident.
B. He is familiar with Woods’ golf career.
C. He is sure about Woods’ future golf career.
D. He was reporting on the spot of the accident.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名的高尔夫球手Tiger Woods因车祸受伤及恢复的情况，并回顾了他辉煌的职业生涯。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Fortunately, he was wearing his seat belt, which very likely saved his life. ”可知，幸运的是，他系上了安全带，这很可能救了他的命。即Tiger Woods系的安全带在撞车事故中挽救了他的生命。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“It is far too early to say whether he will play professional golf again, and there is no doubt his injuries are a severe obstacle to his chances of ever returning to the tour, particularly because he is in his 40s, and has suffered other career-threatening injuries.”可知，现在说他是否会再次打职业高尔夫还为时过早，毫无疑问，他的受伤对于他重返巡回赛而言是一个严重阻碍，尤其是因为他已经40多岁了，并且遭受了其他威胁职业生涯的伤害。由此可知，Woods的受伤威胁着他的职业生涯。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Woods’s legendary story has been marked by several peaks and valleys. ”可知，Woods的人生中有很多标志性的起起落落，这造就了他的传奇人生。即他的人生中的起起落落使Woods成为传奇的高尔夫球手。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Woods. 45, is one of the most successful professional golfers of all time. He has won 15 major championships and most recently won The Masters in 2019...”可知，45岁的Woods是有史以来最成功的职业高尔夫球手之一。他在四大锦标赛中赢得了 15 个冠军，最近一次在 2019 年赢得了The Masters（大师赛）的冠军。由此可推知，文章的作者很熟悉Woods作为高尔夫球手的职业生涯。故选B。
C
As stay-at-home orders relieve and cities reopen for business, many doctors and hospital administrators are calling for a quick return of health care to pre-pandemic levels. For months now, routine care has been postponed. Elective procedures—big moneymakers—were stopped so that hospitals could transfer resources to treating Covid-19 patients. Routine clinic visits were canceled or replaced by online sessions. This has resulted in great financial losses for hospitals and clinics. Hospitals have been forced to reduce employees or cut pay.
Most patients, on the other hand, at least those with stable chronic(慢性的) conditions, seem to have done OK. In a recent survey, only one in ten respondents said their health or a family member’s health had worsened as a result of delayed care. Eighty-six percent said their health had stayed about the same.
Admittedly, postponing health care had terrible health consequences for some patients with non-Covid-19 illnesses. Still, a majority of patients seem to have done better than what most doctors expected. It will probably take years to understand why. However, perhaps Americans don’t require the volume(体积) of care that their doctors are used to providing.
It is well recognized that a substantial amount of health care in America is wasteful, accounting for hundreds of billions of dollars of the total health care budget. Wasteful care is driven by many forces: “defensive” medicine by doctors trying to avoid lawsuits; the high prices that American doctors and hospitals charge; a lack of consensus about which treatments are effective; and the widespread belief that newer, more expensive technology is always better.
In a survey a few years ago, two-thirds of doctors in the United States admitted that between 15 percent and 30 percent of health care is probably unnecessary. Studies suggest that up to 20 percent of surgeries in some specialties are unnecessary. If your surgery was postponed because of the pandemic, it is worth having a conversation with your doctor about whether it is still needed.
Many institutions are using this difficult time in our nation’s history to make changes. The health care system should do the same.
8. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Hospitals and clinics in America are suffering a great loss.
B. Doctors and hospitals in America are calling for the return of health care.
C A large amount of health care in America is unnecessary.
D. Most patients’ health in America had become worse because of stay-at-home orders.
9. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A. hospitals and clinics in America used to make a lot of money.
B. most patients seem to have been in stable conditions without any treatment.
C. most doctors are providing too little health care on purpose,
D. most people do not need a surgery if it is postponed because of the pandemic.
10. What is “defensive” medicine in paragraph 4 mean?
A. The medicine to defend the disease.
B. The medicine to protect the patients.
C. The medicine to help the doctors avoid troubles.
D. The medicine to help the doctors treat patients better.
11. The author mentions “Many institutions are using this difficult time in our nation’s history to make changes” in the last paragraph to indicate that _________.
A. it is difficult to make a change in. history.
B. many institutions have made changes in history.
C. the health care system may go through a hard time.
D. the health care system needs to make some changes.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了新冠疫情造成的后果，一方面给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失，另一方面，尽管推迟医疗保健对一些患有非Covid-19疾病的患者造成了可怕的健康后果，但是，大多数患者的表现似乎比大多数医生预期的要好。由此得出结论：也许美国人并不需要他们的医生一直提供大量医疗服务。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章第一段至第三段内容揭示了新冠疫情对于美国医疗结构和病人带来的影响：一方面给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失；另一方面，尽管推迟医疗保健，但是大多数患者的表现似乎比大多数医生预期的要好。从而在文章第三段末尾引出了本文的主要话题“However, perhaps Americans don’t require the volume of care that their doctors are used to providing. (然而，也许美国人并不需要他们的医生一直提供大量医疗服务。)”，即文章主要讲述了“在美国，大量的医疗保健是不必要的”这一主要内容，并在后文用调查数据进行了详细解释。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“For months now, routine care has been postponed. Elective procedures—big moneymakers—were stopped so that hospitals could transfer resources to treating Covid-19 patients. Routine clinic visits were canceled or replaced by online sessions. This has resulted in great financial losses for hospitals and clinics.(几个月来，常规护理被推迟了。为了使医院能够将资源转移到治疗Covid-19患者，选择性手术——最赚钱的手术——被停止。常规门诊就诊被取消或被在线会诊取代。这给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失。)”可知，在新冠疫情下，医院和和诊所的常规工作流程被迫发生改变，以致医院和诊所遭受巨大的经济损伤，由此可推知，美国的医院和诊所曾经（新冠疫情之前）赚了很多钱。故选A项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。分析语境语法可知，短语“‘defensive’ medicine by doctors trying to avoid lawsuits”中，“‘defensive’medicine”是由医生开出的某种药物，这种药物是为了避免医生与患者之间产生医疗诉讼的药物，对医生来说是“保护性和防御性”的。由此可推知，“‘defensive’ medicine”可以理解为“帮助医生避免麻烦的药”。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。后文“The health care system should do the same.(医疗保健系统也应该这样做。)”是承接句子“Many institutions are using this difficult time in our nation’s history to make changes(许多机构正在利用国家历史上的这一困难时期进行变革)”的进一步解释，结合语境可知，“the same”应是指代句子中的“make changes(变革)”，由此可推知，作者提出该句应是为了表明医疗保健系统也需要像其他机构一样在这样的时期做出一些变革（以减少没有必要的医疗保健）。故选D项。
D
“Imagine this for a second: one man with total control of billions of people's stolen data. All their secrets, their lives, their futures. I owe it all to Specter (Specter is an evil organization in the James Rond movies) . “Specter showed me that whoever controls the data, controls the future.” This was the invitation that Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerburg recently gave his online audience as he stared at the camera.
Or maybe not. On closer observation, it turned out to be something called a "deepfake video”, where the speaker inside is simply a digital fake of Zuckerburg. The video was created by artists Bill Posters and Daniel Howe with help from artificial intelligence companies and displayed over the past week or so at an art show in Britain on the influence of technology. The fake video was made using AI that can create the illusion of a real person saying or doing things that they have never actually done.
Such tricks may appear to be risk-free, but experts arc warning that the video manipulation technology could easily be used to spread fake news or damage someone's reputation.
Media alteration tools are nothing new, but the real danger now is that fakery is getting cheaper than ever to create a deepfake video, all you need is a few photos and the Internet. With little help, it gives birth to something new, something real. This brings questions about how to approach the problem of doctored videos.
Two solutions have been proposed: using technology to identify these modified videos, and making it punishable by law to slur one's name through the deepfake technology.
However, neither option is ideal, because it's not the technology itself that is the issue, but the motives it is being used for.
12. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerburg was brave enough to tell the truth.
B. The announcement was made by Zuckerburg actually.
C. Zuckerburg created something called a "deepfake video”.
D. The stolen information could be made into fake videos.
13. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. It is so easy for people to make a deep fake video now.
B. Many people get punished for the deepfake video.
C. Media alteration tools are seldom used to make deepfake videos .
D. Experts believe the deepfake videos will make someone famous.
14. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Protecting Stolen Data B. Dealing with Deepfake Videos
C. How to Make Deepfake Videos D. Making use of Deepfake Technology
15. What is author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To stress the need of using technology properly.
B. To provide some information about a new technology.
C. To reveal the ways of protecting private information.
D. To suggest a way of creating a deepfake video.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章以一段关于Facebook首席执行官Mark Zuckerberg深度造假视频为引入，介绍了如今被窃取的信息可以制成假视频的社会现象，指出这一现象的危害以及解决方法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“On closer observation, it turned out to be something called a "deepfake video”, where the speaker inside is simply a digital fake of Zuckerburg. The video was created by artists Bill Posters and Daniel Howe with help from artificial intelligence companies and displayed over the past week or so at an art show in Britain on the influence of technology. The fake video was made using AI that can create the illusion of a real person saying or doing things that they have never actually done.(仔细观察后发现，这是一段“深度假视频”，里面的说话者其实是扎克伯格的数字仿制品。这段视频是在人工智能公司的帮助下由艺术家Bill poster和Daniel Howe创作的，在过去一周左右的时间里，在英国一个关于科技影响的艺术展上展出。这段假视频是用人工智能制作的，它可以制造一种假象，让人觉得一个人在说或做从未做过的事情)”可知，被窃取的信息可以制成假视频。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Media alteration tools are nothing new, but the real danger now is that fakery is getting cheaper than ever to create a deepfake video, all you need is a few photos and the Internet. With little help, it gives birth to something new, something real.(媒体修改工具并不是什么新鲜事，但现在真正的危险在于，制作深度伪造视频的成本比以往任何时候都要低，你只需要几张照片和互联网。在几乎没有帮助的情况下，它产生了一些新的、真实的东西)”可知，A选项“现在人们很容易就能制作出深度造假的视频”正确。故选A。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Such tricks may appear to be risk-free, but experts arc warning that the video manipulation technology could easily be used to spread fake news or damage someone's reputation.(这些技巧看起来似乎没有风险，但专家警告称，视频操纵技术可能很容易被用来传播假新闻或损害他人的声誉)”结合文章以一段关于Facebook首席执行官Mark Zuckerberg深度造假视频为引入，介绍了如今被窃取的信息可以制成假视频的社会现象，指出这一现象的危害以及解决方法。可知，B选项“应对深度造假视频”最符合文章标题。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, neither option is ideal, because it's not the technology itself that is the issue, but the motives it is being used for. (然而，这两种选择都不理想，因为问题不在于技术本身，而在于它被使用的动机)” 结合文章以一段关于Facebook首席执行官Mark Zuckerberg深度造假视频为引入，介绍了如今被窃取的信息可以制成假视频的社会现象，指出这一现象的危害以及解决方法。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是强调正确使用技术的需要。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分125分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最隹选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Too much salt — and not enough whole grains, fruits and vegetables-may be shaving years off our lives, a new analysis suggests.
In a study published Wednesday in the Lancet, researchers looked at peopled eating habits across 195 countries to estimate how much poor diets contribute to the number of deaths. ____16____? That 11 million people die each year around the world due, at least in part, to certain foods or lack of them, according to the study.
Lead author Ashkan Afshin, an epidemiologist at the University of Washington, said the researchers estimated____17____, including cigarette smoking, known to be one of the greatest threats to public health.
The problem, he said, is not only what people are eating; ____18____ The study estimated that globally, 3 million deaths were attributed to too much salt-but another 3 million deaths were attributed to too little whole grains and another 2 million deaths to too little fruit. ____19____— a balanced diet is important for a long, healthy life.
____20____? Nestle, a professor at New York University, suggested that it makes sense that dietary risks are higher because everyone eats— but not everyone smokes. So she said that “diet is a risk factor for everybody”.
A. Why did they do that
B. What are their findings
C. but it's also what they're not eating
D. that some bad habits lead to more health problems
E. Experts say it confirms what health professionals have been teaching for years
F. But is a poor diet really responsible for more deaths than even cigarette smoking
G. that poor diets are responsible for more deaths around the world than any other risk factor
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. C 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的分析表明，过多的盐——而不是足够的全谷物、水果和蔬菜——可能会让我们的寿命缩短。文章主要介绍了这项研究开展的过程、研究发现以及这些发现的重要意义。
【16题详解】
根据上文“In a study published Wednesday in the Lancet, researchers looked at peopled eating habits across 195 countries to estimate how much poor diets contribute to the number of deaths.(在《柳叶刀》周三发表的一项研究中，研究人员对195个国家的人们的饮食习惯进行了研究，以估计不良饮食在多大程度上导致了死亡)”以及后文“That 11 million people die each year around the world due, at least in part, to certain foods or lack of them, according to the study.(根据这项研究，全球每年有1100万人至少部分死于某种食物或缺乏某种食物)”可知，上文提到了研究人员对于饮食习惯的研究，后文提到了具体的发现，可知本句属于过渡句，用于引出后文的发现是什么进行提问。故B选项“他们的发现是什么”符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Lead author Ashkan Afshin, an epidemiologist at the University of Washington, said the researchers estimated(该研究的第一作者、华盛顿大学流行病学家Ashkan Afshin表示，研究人员进行了估计……)”可知，本句应承接上文说明研究人员估计的内容是什么，故G选项“在世界各地，不良的饮食造成的死亡比任何其他风险因素都要多”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文“The problem, he said, is not only what people are eating;(他说，问题不只是人们吃什么)”以及后文“The study estimated that globally, 3 million deaths were attributed to too much salt-but another 3 million deaths were attributed to too little whole grains and another 2 million deaths to too little fruit.(该研究估计，全球有300万人死于盐摄入过多，但另有300万人死于全谷物摄入过少，另有200万人死于水果摄入过少)”可知，上文提到问题不只是人们吃什么，后文提到因为摄入过少导致的死亡数量，可见问题也在于人们不吃的东西。故C选项“但这也是他们不吃的东西”符合语境，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“The study estimated that globally, 3 million deaths were attributed to too much salt-but another 3 million deaths were attributed to too little whole grains and another 2 million deaths to too little fruit.(该研究估计，全球有300万人死于盐摄入过多，但另有300万人死于全谷物摄入过少，另有200万人死于水果摄入过少)”以及后文“a balanced diet is important for a long, healthy life.(均衡的饮食对健康长寿很重要)”可知，上文的数据表明很多人死于饮食不均衡，可见本句是对上文的总结，指出这一研究估计证实了健康专业人员多年来一直在教授的东西——均衡的饮食对健康长寿很重要。故E选项“专家说它证实了健康专业人员多年来一直在教授的东西”符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Nestle, a professor at New York University, suggested that it makes sense that dietary risks are higher because everyone eats— but not everyone smokes. So she said that "diet is a risk factor for everybody ”(纽约大学教授Nestle认为，饮食风险更高是因为每个人都吃东西，但不是每个人都吸烟，这是有道理的。所以她说，“饮食对每个人来说都是一个风险因素”)”可知，后文将不良饮食和吸烟进行了比较，F选项中smoking对应后文中smokes。故F选项“但是不良的饮食真的比吸烟导致的死亡还要多吗”符合语境，故选F。
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。
My mother used to ask me what the most important part of the body is. Through the years I would guess at what was the correct____21____
When I was younger. I thought sound was very important so I said, "My____22____, Mommy.”
She said, "No Many people are deaf.”
Several years had passed____23____ she asked me again. Since making my first____24____, I had____25____ the correct answer. So I told her, "Mommy, ____26____ is very important to everybody, so it must be our eyes."
She looked at me and told me, "You are learning fast, but there are many people who are ____27____."
Then last year, my Grandpa____28____. Everybody was hurt and crying. It was our____29____ to say our final good-bye to Grandpa. I was ______30______ when she asked me with tears in the eyes, "Do you know the most important body part yet, my dear?"
She saw the ______31______ on my face and said, "This question is very important. It shows you have really lived your life. It's your ______32______, my dear."
I asked, “Is it because it ______33______ your head?”
She ______34______, "No, it's because it can hold the head of a friend or loved one when they cry.” Then I knew the most important body part is not a selfish one. It is ______35______ to the pain of others.
21. A. explanation B. answer C. reaction D. agreement
22. A. wrists B. arms C. nose D. ears
23. A. before B. while C. after D. once
24. A. assumption B. announcement C. arrangement D. attempt
25. A. claimed B. considered C. conducted D. concluded
26. A. sigh B. sign C. sight D. signal
27. A. deaf B. lame C. blind D. unhealthy
28. A. passed through B. passed away C. died out D. died away
29. A. duty B. turn C. return D. favor
30. A. annoyed B. scared C. frightened D. shocked
31. A. confusion B. curiosity C. anxiety D. upset
32. A. hand B. heart C. chest D. shoulder
33. A. holds on B. holds back C. holds up D. holds onto
34. A. replied B. reflected C. recalled D. recognized
35. A. comfortable B. grateful C. sympathetic D. patient
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的母亲过去常常问他，身体最重要的部位是什么。多年来，他一直在猜测自己认为正确的答案。直到作者的爷爷去世，在葬礼上，母亲告诉他，身体最重要的部位是他的肩膀。作者也明白了：身体最重要的部位能对他人的痛苦表达同情。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来我一直在猜测正确答案是什么。A. explanation解释；B. answer答案；C. reaction反应；D. agreement同意。根据前一句“My mother used to ask me what the most important part of the body is.”可知，因为作者妈妈常问作者身体最重要的部位是什么，所以空处需用名词answer，表示作者在猜测答案是什么。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得声音很重要，所以我说：“我的耳朵，妈妈。”A. wrists手腕；B. arms胳膊；C. nose鼻子；D. ears耳朵。根据前文“I thought sound was very important”可知，因为作者认为声音很重要，所以作者认为身体最重要的部位是耳朵。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：几年过去了，她才再次问我。A. before在……之前；B. while当……时候；C. after在……之后；D. once一旦。根据前后句时间和时态可知，空处需用before引导时间状语从句。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从第一次尝试后，我一直在考虑正确答案。A. assumption假设；B. announcement宣布；C. arrangement安排；D. attempt尝试。根据第二段和第三段描述可知，此处需用名词attempt，表示第一次尝试回答母亲的问题。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. claimed宣称；B. considered考虑；C. conducted实施，执行；D. concluded总结。根据空后“the correct answer”可知，此处指考虑母亲问题的正确答案。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈，视觉对每个人都很重要，所以身体最重要的部分一定是我们的眼睛。A. sigh叹气；B. sign手势；C. sight视觉；D. signal信号。根据后文“so it must be our eyes.”可知，此处说视觉对每个人都很重要。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你学得很快，但是有很多人是盲人。A. deaf聋的；B. lame瘸的；C. blind瞎的；D. unhealthy不健康的。根据前文“so it must be our eyes”和转折连词but可知，很多人是看不见的。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：去年，我的爷爷去世了。A. passed through遭受；B. passed away去世；C. died out灭绝；D. died away逐渐消失。根据后文“Everybody was hurt and crying.”可知，作者爷爷去世了，所以家人伤心地哭了。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：轮到我们向爷爷最后道别了。A. duty责任；B. turn(依次轮到的)机会；C. return归来；D. favor偏爱，赞同。根据前文描述可知，因为作者的爷爷去世了，所以此处表示轮到作者他们向爷爷道别了。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她含着泪水问我时，我很震惊，“亲爱的，你已经知道身体最重要的部位吗？”A. annoyed生气的；B. scared害怕的；C. frightened惊恐的；D. shocked吃惊的。根据后文“she asked me with tears in the eyes”可知，因为母亲含泪问作者问题，所以作者很吃惊。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她看我一脸困惑，说：“这个问题很重要。这表明你真的过了自己的生活。身体最重要的部分是你的肩膀，亲爱的。”A. confusion困惑；B. curiosity好奇；C. anxiety焦虑；D. upset不安。根据前文描述可知，作者妈妈问作者问题时，作者很吃惊，由此可知，妈妈看到作者一脸的困惑。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hand手；B. heart心；C. chest胸；D. shoulder肩膀。根据后文“it's because it can hold the head of a friend or loved one when they cry.(这是因为当朋友或爱人哭泣时，它能托住他们的头)”可知，此处指肩膀是身体上最重要的部分。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我问：“是因为它能托起你的头吗？”A. holds on坚持，抓住；B. holds back阻止，阻挡；C. holds up成立，举起；D. holds onto坚持。根据后文“ it's because it can hold the head of a friend or loved one when they cry.(这是因为当朋友或爱人哭泣时，它能托住他们的头)”可知，此处作者在询问是否因为肩膀能托起头，所以它是身体最重要的部分。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她回答说：“不，是因为我们的朋友、我们所爱的人哭泣的时候，它可以让他们把头靠在那里。”A. replied回答；B. reflected考虑；C. recalled回忆；D. recognized辨认。根据前文“I asked, “Is it because it 　　13　 your head?”可知，作者问了妈妈一个问题，所以此处是妈妈给作者的回答。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它能同情他人的痛苦。A. comfortable舒服的；B .grateful感激的；C. sympathetic同情的；D. patient有耐心的。根据前文“Then I knew the most important body part is not a selfish one.”可知，因为身体最重要的部分不是自私的，由此可知，此处表示身体最重要的部分能同情他人的痛苦。故选C。
第二节（共10小题； 每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For much of history, reading was a fairly noisy activity. Some 4,000 years ago, the commonly used words for “to read” literally ____36____(mean) to cry out” or “to listen”.
Today, silent reading is the norm (常态). The majority of ____37____(we) bottle the words in our heads as if sitting in the hushed confines of a library. Reading out loud is ____38____(large) reserved for bedtime stories and performances.
But a growing body of research suggests that we may be missing out by reading only with the voices inside our minds. The ancient art of reading aloud has a number of ____39____(benefit) for adults, from helping improve our memories and understand complex texts, to_____40_____(strengthen) emotional bonds between people.
Colin MacLeod, ____41____psychologist at the University of Waterloo in Canada, has extensively researched the impact of reading aloud on memory. So far he as well as his collaborators ____42____(show) that people consistently remember words and texts better if they read them aloud ____43____if they read them silently.
In another study, adults ____44____(age) 67 to 88 were given the same task - reading words either silently or aloud - before then writing down all those they could remember. They were able to recall 27% of the words they had read aloud, ____45____only 10% of those they'd read silently.
【答案】36. meant
37. us 38. largely
39. benefits
40. strengthening
41. a 42. has shown
43. than 44. aged
45. but
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述虽然如今默读已成为一种常态，但是其实大声朗读有很多好处。研究介绍了大声朗读的重要性和作用，结合历史发现和现阶段研究着重说明大声朗读对记忆的好处。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：大约4000年前，“读”这个常用词的字面意思是“喊”或“听”。由时间状语“Some 4,000 years ago”可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填meant。
【37题详解】
考查代词。句意：我们中的大多数人把这些话装在脑子里，就像坐在图书馆里一样。介词of后需接人称代词宾格作宾语，所以空处需用we的宾格us。故填us。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：大声朗读主要是为睡前讲故事和表演准备的。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词reserved。故填largely。
【39题详解】
考查可数名词的数。句意：朗读这门古老的艺术对成年人有很多好处，从帮助改善记忆和理解复杂的文本，到加强人与人之间的情感纽带。benefit好处，可数名词，a number of许多，后接可数名词复数。故填benefits。
【40题详解】
考查动名词句意：同上。介词to后需接动名词作宾语。故填strengthening。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：加拿大滑铁卢大学(University of Waterloo)的一位心理学家Colin MacLeod对朗读对记忆的影响做了大量研究。空处需用不定冠词a/an泛指一位心理学家，psychologist是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以空处需用不定冠词a。故填a。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，他和他的合作者已经证明，比起默读，大声朗读单词和文章会让人记住得更好。由时间状语So far 可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态，as well as连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的形式却决于第一个主语，即“就远原则”，此处第一主语是第三人称单数he，所以助动词需用has。故填has shown。
【43题详解】
考查比较级。句意：同上。由空前better可知，此处将“大声朗读”和“默读”作了比较，所以空处需用than。故填than。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在另一项研究中，67岁至88岁的成年人接受了同样的任务——默读或大声朗读单词，然后写下他们能记住的单词。本句已有谓语动词 give，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词adults，动词age与名词adults之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故填aged。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：他们能够回忆起大声朗读过的单词中的27%，而默读过的单词中只能回忆起10%。根据空前后句意可知，此处前后表示转折关系，所以空处需用连词but。故填but。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分4。分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华.你的英国朋友Tom生日将至.你编了一个中国结作为生日礼物。现在请你写封信随礼物一起寄给Tom. 内容包括：
1.表达生日祝福；
2.介绍中国结（如外观.象征意义、装饰作用等）。
注意:1.词数：80词左右;
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.
参考词汇：中国结Chinese knot
Dear Tom
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
How’s everything going? As your birthday is drawing near I’ve prepared a gift for you. It’s a Chinese knot which I specially made for you with red silk threads, cloth and other materials.
People are fond of Chinese knots for their characteristic form, colorfulness and profound meaning. In Chinese culture, Chinese knots stand for friendship, love, reunion and good luck. People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses or cars.
I hope you like the gift and wish you a happy birthday.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Tom写封信，随你编的一个中国结生日礼物礼物寄给Tom并介绍中国结文化。
【详解】1.词汇积累
临近：around the corner→draw near
代表： represent→stand for
喜欢：be keen on→are fond of
深远的：significant→profound
2.句式拓展
简单句变倒装句
原句：People are fond of Chinese knots for their characteristic form, colorfulness and profound meaning.
拓展句：Not only are people fond of Chinese knots for their characteristic form, colorfulness but also are interested in its profound meaning.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As your birthday is drawing near, I’ve prepared a gift for you. (运用了as引导的状语从句)
[高分句型2] It’s a Chinese knot which I specially made for you with red silk threads, cloth and other materials. (运用了which引导的定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使其构成一篇完整的短文。
In 1989 an 8.2 earthquake almost destroyed America, killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes. In the midst of utter devastation (破坏) and chaos, a father left his wife safely at home and rushed to the school where his son was supposed to be, only to discover that the building was as flat as a pancake.
After the unforgettably initial shock; he remembered the promise he had made to his son: “No matter what, I’ll always be there for you!” And tears began to fill his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school, it looked hopeless, but he kept remembering his commitment to his son.
He began to direct his attention towards where he walked his son to class at school each morning. Remembering his son’s classroom would be in the back right corner of the building, he rushed there and started digging through the ruins.
As he was digging,other helpless parents arrived, heartbroken, saying: “My, son!” “My daughter!” Other well-meaning parents tried to pull him off what was left of the school, saying: “It’s too late! They’re all dead! You can’t help! Go home! Come on, face reality, there’s nothing you can do!”
To each parent he responded with one line: “Are you going to help me now?” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.The fire chief showed up and tried to pull him off the school’s ruins saying, “Fires are breaking out, explosions are happening everywhere. You’re in danger. We’ll take care of it. Go home.” To which this loving, caring American father asked, “Are you going to help me now?”
The police came and said, “You’re angry, anxious and it’s over. You’re endangering others. Go home. We’ll handle it!” To which he replied, “Are you going to help me now?” No one helped.
【注意】
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Courageously he went on alone because he.needed to know for himself: “Is my boy alive or is he dead?”______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
“There are 14 of us left out of 33, Dad,” Armand replied,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know for himself: “Is my boy alive or is he dead?” He dug for eight hours...12 hours...24 hours...36 hours...Then, in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s voice. After screaming his son’s name, “ARMAND!” he heard back, “Dad?! It’s me, Dad!” The faint but familiar voice brought tears of relief to his eyes. “What’s going on in there? How is it?” the father asked anxiously, digging more forcefully with his bare hands.
“There are 14 of us left out of 33, Dad,” Armand replied, “We’re scared, hungry, thirsty and thankful you’re here. When the building collapsed, it made a triangle, and it saved us.” “Come out, boy!” the father yelled eagerly. “No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know you’ll get me! No matter what happens, I know you’ll always be there for me!”
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开文。故事发生在1989年美国大地震中，一个父亲靠一个诺言救出了被困在废墟下的儿子。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他勇敢地独自继续下去，因为他需要让自己知道：“我的孩子还活着还是死了？”可知，第一段可描写父亲继续挖，直到找到儿子。
②由第二段首句内容“我们33人有14个留下，爸爸，”阿曼达回答。可知，第二段可描写儿子介绍他现在的情况，告诉父亲他一直等待父亲来救他。
2.续写线索：父亲继续挖土——终于找到儿子——儿子介绍了自己和同学的情况——儿子坚信父亲会来救他。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①父亲寻找儿子：dug/pull back a large stone/hear his voice
②儿子介绍情况：collapse/make a triangle/save us
情绪类
①欣慰：tears of relief to his eyes
②恐惧害怕：scared/hungry
【点睛】[高分句型1] “What’s going on in there? How is it?” the father asked anxiously, digging more forcefully with his bare hands.(现在分词短语作状语)
[高分句型2]When the building collapsed, it made a triangle, and it saved us.(由when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3].No matter what happens, I know you’ll always be there for me!(no matter what引导让步状语从句)