专题05 阅读理解III 推理判断题 考点5 预测推断题 2022年英语二轮复习讲 练 测 -讲案

2022年高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲】

专题 05 阅读理解III：推理判断

考点5预测推断题

【考纲解读】

【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向

阅读理解III：推理判断题 考点5  预测推断题

 【广东省茂名市五校联盟2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次联考】

"Hello!" You type into the chat box. There's a slight feeling of excitement flowing through your fingers, and you can't wait for a reply. You think, "There's probably nothing more exciting than this."

With communication from all corners of the world possible at the ease of your fingers, we are now witness to an advanced form of the hand shake and physical conversations: online friendships.

Alarmingly, according to Internet Safety 101, almost half of young adult users have received upsetting messages, with 92 percent posting their own real names and identification online and 58 percent thinking it doesn't cause concern. And though some parents may be biting their fingernails in fear right now, more than half of the youth have admitted to making their friends online and a good majority regularly text them.

Though the statistics are daunting, we hope, we haven't scared you off! Researchers actually found that pursuing online friendships could be beneficial. Penn State University reported that this was especially the case for those with social anxiety, as they might form a stronger comfort bond with their peers through the screen rather than a face-to-face meeting.

Additionally, online interaction may increase your self-confidence. In our current situation of isolation, perhaps that perfect connection from the safety of our homes is all it takes to make things just a little more bearable.

In the end, it all depends on you. Whether or not your search for a friend bears fruit lies in your approach, and though I'm not a great relationship master, I have some tips that will aid you in your exploration for the "BFF" of your dreams.

1．What can we infer from the third paragraph?

A．The youth often meet online friends in reality.

B．Most Internet users like texting to their online friends.

C．Many parents like biting fingernails when worried.

D．Most young adults lack awareness of Internet safety.

2．Which can replace the underlined word "daunting" in Paragraph 4?

A．Disappointing. B．Misleading. C．Frightening. D．Dissatisfying.

3．What's the author's attitude to making friends on the Internet?

A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Negative. D．Unclear.

4．What do you think the text will talk about next?

A．How to get on well with online friends. B．How to find online best friends.

C．How to keep in touch with online friends. D．How to benefit from dream online friends.

【高考预测】

纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2022年全国高考试题还会

①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.6。

②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题左右。

【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点　

阅读理解III：推理判断 考点5预测推断题 

【做题实践中找规律】

1.【河北省邯郸市十校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末联考】

Restricting meals to early in the day did not affect weight among overweight adults with prediabetes or diabetes, according to research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2020.

“We have wondered for a long time if when one eats during the day affects the way the body uses and stores energy,” said study author Nisa M. Maruthur, associate professor of medicine in Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. “Most previous studies have not controlled the number of calories, so it wasn’t clear if people who ate earlier just ate fewer calories. In this study, the only thing we changed was the time of day of eating.”

Maruthur and the colleagues followed 41 overweight adults in a 12-week study. Most participants (90%) were African American women with prediabetes or diabetes, and average age of 59 years. Twenty-one of the adults followed a time restricted eating pattern, limiting eating to specific hours of the day and ate 80% of their calories before 1 pm. The remaining 20 participants ate at usual times during a 12-hour window, consuming half of their daily calories after 5 pm for the entire 12 weeks. All participants consumed the same pre-prepared, healthy meals provided for the study. Weight and blood pressure were measured at the beginning of the study, then at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks.

The analysis found that people in both groups lost weight and had decreased blood pressure regardless of when they ate. “We thought that the time restricted group would lose more weight,” Maruthur said. “Yet that didn’t happen. We did not see any differences in weight loss for those who ate most of their calories earlier versus later in the day. We did not see any effects on blood pressure either.”

The researchers are now collecting more detailed information on blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, and they will be compiling this information with the results of a study on the effects of time-restricted feeding on blood sugar, insulin and other hormones and making analyses on the findings. “Together, these findings will help us to more fully understand the effects of time-restricted eating on cardiometabolie health,” Maruthur said.

1．What made the study different from earlier ones?

A．Participants’ age. B．Participants’ daily eating time.

C．The number of participants. D．The research members.

2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The research procedure. B．The research result.

C．The research purpose. D．The research institution.

3．What can we learn from the study?

A．Blood pressure is connected with eating time.

B．Absorbing less calories earlier makes for weight loss.

C．Eating time determines the effect of losing weight.

D．Taking in calories earlier doesn’t impact weight loss.

4．What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph?

A．Stop research. B．Announce findings.

C．Analyze data. D．Write essays.

2.【江苏省常州市2021届高三调研】

On the way to his home the child turned many times and beat the dog,declaring with childish gestures that he held him in contempt(茂视）as an unimportant dog.the dog apologized for being this quality of animal and expressed regret in fine form,but he continued stealthily to follow the child.

When the child reached his door-step,the dog was a few yards behind,moving slowly toward him.He became so anxious with shame when ho again faced the child that he forgot the dragging rope . He tripped(绊倒） upon it and fell forward.

The child sat down on the step and the two had another interview. During it the dog greatly exerted himself to please the child. He performed a few playful jumps with such abandon(尽情地） that the child suddenly saw him to be a valuable thing. He made a swift,greedy charge(猛冲）and seized the rope.

He dragged his captive(俘虏） into a hall and up many long stairways in a dark building. The dog made willing efforts, but he could not walk very skillfully up the stairs because he was very small and soft,and at last the pace of the child grew so energetic that the dog became panic-stricken. In his mind he was being dragged toward somewhere unknown. His ayes grew wild with the terror of it. He began to wiggle his head wildly and to brace his legs.

The child redoubled his efforts.They had a battle on the stairs.The child was victorious because he was completely absorbed in his purpose,and because the dog was very small.He dragged his acquirement to the door of his home,and finally with victory across the doorway.

No family member was in.The child sat down on the floor and made overtures to(向....示好） the dog.These the dog instantly accepted.He smiled with affection upon his new friend.In a short time they were firm and abiding(矢志不渝的）comrades.

1．What might have happened before the first paragraph?

A．The child had wanted to own the dog for a long time.

B．The dog had been someone else' s pet but lost his way.

C．The child had been looking for the lost dog for a long time.

D．The dog had been driven out of home by the child's family.

2．What directly made the boy change his mind?

A．The dog's apology.

B．His first interview with the dog.

C．His pity on the dog.

D．The dog's pleasing performance.

3．What can we know from paragraph 4 and 5?

A．The boy was naughty.

B．The dog was foolish.

C．The boy was a devoted friend.

D．The dog was a faithful friend.

4．Which of the following best describe the change of the dog's feeling?

A．Frightened-relieved-anxious-happy.

B．Worried-angry-scared-delighted.

C．Guilty-anxious-nervous-pleased.

D．Angry-regretted-scared-puzzled.

规律方法：如何解决预测推断题？

有些题目要求根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。

【变式精讲】

1.【山西省怀仁市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末调研】

A call came into Jimmy Gilleece’s bar. A newly married woman, who had spent the afternoon at his bar, couldn’t find her wallet. She didn’t care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside.

Gilleece, 42, didn’t like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he determined to find the wallet. He spent hours on videos from surveillance (监控) cameras, watching the woman’s every step in the bar. Within minutes, a young man approached the bar, put something in his pocket, and walked off.

Gilleece posted a clip (视频片段) on the bar’s Facebook page to find out who the young man was. Within hours, Gilleece got a text from 17-year-old Rivers Prather, who said he’d done it because he hadn’t eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.

Gilleece told the teen to meet him at the docks (码头). There they talked a lot and Gilleece knew that Prather was from a poor family. Seeing the teenager’s small build, Gilleece thought he was more of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring, Prather could be put into prison.

Gilleece decided to help the kid. He hired two local divers to search the waters where the wallet had been thrown. More than an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Gilleece grew worried. And then a diver popped up. In his hand was the wallet, and inside was the ring. When Gilleece called the wallet’s owner, she burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Prather for stealing the ring.

1．What did the woman value most in her wallet?

A．Her ID． B．Her credit cards.

C．Her money. D．Her wedding ring.

2．What did Prather do after getting the wallet?

A．He kept the ring. B．He spent the money in it.

C．He threw it in a dustbin. D．He returned it to the owner.

3．Why did Gilleece help Prather?

A．To teach the child a lesson. B．To meet the customer 's demand.

C．To save the forgivable child. D．To win back the reputation of his bar.

4．What would happen to Prather next?

A．He would be sent to prison. B．He would not be accused by the woman.

C．He would get a job in Gilleece’s bar. D．He would live a better life ever after.

2.【四川省宜宾市2021届普2021届高三“一诊”】

On Monday, about 270 pilot whales got into difficulty on a sandbank at Macquarie Heads, near Strahan on Tasmania’s west coast, about 190 kilometres from Hobart. Another 200 of the animals were found early on Wednesday, making it Tasmania’s largest recorded stranding event. The Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment (DPIPWE) said that about a third had died.

Marine biologists arrived in the area to carry out rescue operations. They planned to use specialized equipment such as special tarpaulins to push the whales back into the deep water. The local police also assisted in the rescue.

The whales that were stranded are Pilot Whales, and they are found in almost all the oceans of the world, according to the Marine conservation group. Pilot whales are in fact one of the largest members of the dolphin family, but they are treated as whales for the Marine Mammals Protection Regulations issued in 1992.They were named pilot whales because it was thought that each pod followed a ‘pilot’ in the group.

Cetacean stranding, commonly known as beaching, is a phenomenon in which whales and dolphins strand themselves on land, usually on a beach. Several explanations for why cetaceans strand themselves have been proposed, including changes in water temperatures, unusual features of whales’ echo location in certain surroundings, and geomagnetic disturbances, but none have so far been universally accepted as a definitive reason for the behavior.

In recent years, whale strandings have become more frequent around the world. In November 2018, a dead sperm whale that had washed ashore in eastern Indonesia consumed a horrifying collection of plastic trash, including 115 drinking cups, 25 plastic bags, plastic bottles, two flip-flops and a bag containing more than 1,000 pieces of string. In all, the plastic contents of the whale’s stomach weighed 13.2 pound (six kilograms). The bags are black due to a reaction with the creature’s stomach acids, according to Thai Whales organization. A person, on average, breathes or swallows at least 74,000 microscopic particles of plastic each year.

1．How many whales died according to DPIPWE?

A．About 160. B．About 200. C．About 270. D．About 470.

2．What does the underlined word “stranding” mean in Paragraph 1?

A．Being put into danger.

B．Being trapped in trouble.

C．Being found in extinction.

D．Being left or driven ashore.

3．What does the author want to tell us by the numbers in Paragraph 5?

A．Whales mistake plastics for food.

B．Whales need the ability of self-protection.

C．Whales’ living conditions are worsening.

D．Whales have an excellent digestive system.

4．What will be discussed probably following the last paragraph?

A．Protective measures for whales.

B．The reasons for whale stranding.

C．Studying whales’ stomach deeply.

D．Researching the oceans’ ecosystem.