重组卷04-冲刺2022年高考英语真题重组卷（天津专用)

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绝密★启用前
冲刺2022年高考英语真题重组卷04
英语（天津专用）
第I卷
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．(2014·天津卷) ---Ok, I’ll fix your computer right now. ---Oh, take your time. __________.
A．I can’t stand it B．I’m in no hurry
C．That’s a great idea D．It’s not my cup of tea
【答案】B
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——好的，我马上就给你修电脑。—— 哦，慢慢来。我不着急。A. I can’t stand it我受不了了；B. I’m in no hurry我不着急；C. That’s a great idea是个好主意；D. It’s not my cup of tea我对此事不感兴趣。根据前面take your time，可知这里意思是“我不着急”。故选B。
2．(2017·天津卷)I just sat by the window watching the passing scene ________ I caught the eye of a waiter and ordered my meal.
A．once B．while C．until D．since
【答案】C
【解析】考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：我只是坐在窗前看着过往的场景，直到我引起了一个服务员的注意，点了餐。A. once一旦；B. while虽然；C. until直到；D. since既然。根据“I caught the eye of a waiter”可知此处表示“直到我引起了一个服务员的注意”，故选C。
3．(2017·台湾高考英语卷) We can't_______buying a new car any longer. The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning．
A．put off B．pick up C．count on D．bear on
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不能再推迟买新车了。我们现有的这辆今天早晨就打不着火。A.put off推迟；B. pick up捡起；C. count on指望；D. bear on对……施加压力，使难以承受。根据下文The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning 可知，我们现有的这辆车今天早晨就打不着火，所以不能再“推迟”买新车了。故选A项。
4．(2012·新课标全国卷) Film has a much shorter history, especially when _____ such art forms as music and painting.
A．having compared to B．comparing to
C．compare to D．compared to
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：电影有相当短的历史，尤其当与像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比较的时候。分析句子可知，设空处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语为film，与compare to为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故选D。
5．(2015·江苏卷) The university started some new language programs to _________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
A．apply to B．cater for
C．appeal to D．hunt for
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A .apply to向……申请，适用于……；B .cater for迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务；C .appeal to对……有吸引力，呼吁；D. hunt for 猎取，寻找。根据句意。故选B项。
6．(2013·天津卷) ----I’m going to Venice next week.
----______. Carnival will be held then. Have fun!
A．You’re crazy B．You’re lucky C．You’d better not D．You never know
【答案】B
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——我下周去威尼斯。——你真走运。那时会举行狂欢节。祝你玩的愉快！A. You’re crazy你疯了；B. You’re lucky你真幸运；C. You’d better not你最好不要；D. You never know你永远不会懂。根据后面的Have fun，可知应答的人是赞同前面的人去威尼斯旅行的。故选B。
7．(2015·湖北卷) There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A．leaves out B．goes against
C．lies in D．makes up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A. leaves out 遗漏，省略；B. goes against 违背，和……作对；C. lies in在于；D. makes up编造，组成，化妆，和好。根据句意可知，此处用lie in“在于”符合语境，由is可知本句为现在时，主语advantage是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现形式。故选C项。
8．(2014·湖北卷) The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
A．developed B．established
C．observed D．revised
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的辨析及语境理解。句意：老的规则需要被修改因为它们只适合一百年前制定时的状况。A项表示“培养，发展”；B项表示“建立”；C项表示“观察”；D项正是“修改”之意，because they only applied to 可知它只适用于以前，不适用于现在，需要修订，故选D。
9．(2012·江西卷) John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter ______ him it.
A．offered B．offering C．to offer D．to be offered
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：约翰真的获得了那份工作因为他给我们展示了给他提供那份工作的信件。offer作定语修饰letter，letter与offer him it构成主动关系，故使用现在分词形式,。故选B。
10．(2012·江西卷) Never before ____________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A．had she B．she had
C．has she D．she has
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装。句意：在那以前，她从来没有看到一个人可能和Robert一样打乒乓球打得那么好。否定词never放在句首，主句要部分倒装，B、D排除，又因为是过去的情况对现在造成的影响，所以为现在完成时，是第三人称所以用has，所以用现在完成时，排除A，故选C。
11．(2019·天津卷) People believe writing poems provides a through which they can express their feelings.
A．shelter B．source
C．channel D．background
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：人们认为写诗是他们表达感情的一个渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；D. background背景。故C选项正确。
12．(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ卷)It may not be a great suggestion. But before ________ is put forward, we’ll make do with it.
A．a good one B．a better one
C．the best one D．a best one
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能不是一个好的建议。但是在一个更好的建议被提出来之前，我们先将就着用这个。根据句意可知需用比较级，且表泛指“一个更好的建议”。故选B。
13．(2020·天津卷) Don’t be late for the 9:00 meeting because I am __________ and have to catch the 11:00 train.
A．on a limited budget B．in high spirits
C．on a tight schedule D．in deep doubt
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：9点的会议不要迟到，因为我的时间很紧，必须赶11点的火车。A. on a limited budget预算有限；B. in high spirits情绪高涨；C. on a tight schedule日程很紧；D. in deep doubt深度怀疑。根据句意和“have to catch the 11:00 train”可知是日程安排很紧，故选C。
14．(2020·天津卷) Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
15. (2020·天津卷)—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight?
—______. I’ll drive her there.
A．Have a try B．Don’t mention it C．Don’t bother D．Go ahead
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际。句意:--今晚我为莎拉叫一辆出租车去机场好吗？--不用麻烦了。我开车送她去。A. Have a try试一试吧；B. Don’t mention it别客气，不用谢；C. Don’t bother不用麻烦了；D. Go ahead走吧，干吧。根据“I will drive her there”可知，第二个人会送莎拉去机场，因此他让第一个人“不用麻烦叫出租车”。故选C。
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
(2019·天津卷) In the summer before I entered middle school, I read the book They Cage the Animals at Night. It’s a story about Jennings, a boy living in various orphanages（孤儿院）with only his stuffed animal（毛绒玩具）, Doggie, for companionship. It’s a fascinating book, but little did I know how it would ___16___ my life and the lives of others.
One day, as I looked across my room at the pile of stuffed animals, a(n) ____17____ came to me. I would ____18____   stuffed animals for children like Jennings. ____19____ , I contacted agencies   that   support   those   children   and   they   said   the   stuffed   animals   would certainly ____20____   children’s spirits.

I named my project “Cuddle Buddies”. I wrote articles for the local and   school   newspapers, ____21____   donations of   the   “buddies”— stuffed animals. My phone ____22____ ringing; schools, families, and toy factories all wanted to help. Much to my ____23____ , by the second week my living room looked like a zoo. Whenever Mom and I ____24____ the “buddies” to the agencies, the kids would be waiting there with their eyes down, too ______25______ to look but shaking with excitement.
Six years after its launch, Cuddle Buddies continues to ______26______ . Now over 25,000 stuffed animals have been ______27______ to agencies worldwide. Simon, a seven-year-old boy in an African Children’s Home, couldn’t sleep at night after he lost his parents. When asked to choose his “buddies”, Simon ______28______   a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night. I never dreamed Cuddle Buddies would     ______29______ this way.
Upon graduating from high school, I designed a website, www.cuddlebuddies.net, to ______30______   the project. The response was ______31______ . More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies ______32______   were established across the nation. This has been a great experience. I’ve learned how to follow through on an idea and how to ______33______ impact a life. I will go to college with these ______34______ in mind and continue my work with Cuddle Buddies, even when I ______35______ a whole new set of exciting academic and nonacademic pursuits.
16．A．touch B．risk C．lead D．save
17．A．chance B．idea C．explanation D．word
18．A．display B．repair C．purchase D．collect
19．A．Previously B．Occasionally C．Immediately D．Gradually
20．A．capture B．reflect C．lift D．record
21．A．putting aside B．turning down C．asking for D．getting back
22．A．delayed B．kept C．stopped D．meant
23．A．knowledge B．taste C．regret D．delight
24．A．delivered B．applied C．rented D．returned
25．A．shy B．content C．weak D．eager
26．A．reform B．expand C．dominate D．divide
27．A．produced B．adopted C．sold D．donated
28．A．picked out B．came across C．showed off D．brought up
29．A．decline B．work C．increase D．react
30．A．promote B．start C．evaluate D．examine
31．A．confusing B．amusing C．automatic D．enthusiastic
32．A．companies B．committees C．branches D．institutes
33．A．financially B．positively C．socially D．physically
34．A．plans B．images C．lessons D．motives
35．A．work out B．keep off C．rely on D．engage in
【答案】16．A 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．C 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．A
26．B 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．D
【解析】本文为记叙文。作者在上中学之前的夏天，读了《他们在晚上把动物关在笼子里》这本书。这是一个关于詹宁斯的故事，一个男孩住过不同的孤儿院，只有他的毛绒玩具狗狗作伴。作者想给这些孤儿院的孩子们收集一些毛绒玩具，于是成立了“抱抱伙伴”组织，并把它做得越来越大。
16．考查动词辨析。A. touch感动，触动；B. risk冒险C. lead领导；D. save节约。句意：这是一本迷人的书，但我几乎不知道它将如何影响我和其他人的生活。故A选项正确。
17．考查名词辨析。A. chance机会；B. idea主意；C. explanation解释；D. word单词。句意：一天，当我从房间的另一头看到那堆毛绒玩具时，我想到了一个主意。故B选项正确。
18．考查动词辨析。A. display陈列；B. repair维修；C. purchase购买；D. collect收集。句意：我会为詹宁斯这样的孩子收集毛绒玩具。故D选项正确。
19．考查副词辨析。A. Previously以前；B. Occasionally偶尔；C. Immediately立刻；D. Gradually逐渐。句意：我立即联系了支持这些孩子的机构。故C选项正确。
20．考查动词辨析。A. capture捕获；B. reflect反映；C. lift提升；D. record记录。句意：他们说毛绒玩具肯定会提升孩子们的精神。故C选项正确。
21．考查动词辨析。A. putting aside放在一边；B. turning down拒绝；C. asking for请求；D. getting back回来。句意：我给当地和学校的报纸写文章，请求为“伙伴”捐赠毛绒玩具。故C选项正确。
22．考查动词辨析。A. delayed耽误；B. kept保持；C. stopped阻止；D. meant意味着。句意：我的电话一直在响：学校、家庭和玩具厂都想提供帮助。故B选项正确。
23．考查名词辨析。A. knowledge知识；B. taste品味；C. regret后悔；D. delight高兴。句意：令我高兴的是，到了第二周，我的客厅看起来像个动物园。故D选项正确。
24．考查动词辨析。A. delivered递送；B. applied应用，申请；C. rented租；D. returned归还。句意：每当我和妈妈把“伙伴们”送到代理处，孩子们会低着头等在那里。故A选项正确。
25．考查形容词辨析。A. shy害羞的；B. content满意的；C. weak虚弱的；D. eager渴望的。孩子们太害羞以至于不敢抬头看，但是兴奋得浑身发抖。故A选项正确。
26．考查动词辨析。A. reform改革；B. expand扩大；C. dominate支配；D. divide分开。句意：在推出6年后，“抱抱伙伴”继续扩大。故B选项正确。
27．考查动词辨析。A. produced生产；B. adopted采用；C. sold卖；D. donated捐赠。句意：现在，超过25000只毛绒动物被捐赠给了世界各地的机构。故D选项正确。
28．考查动词辨析。A. picked out挑出；B. came across遇到；C. showed off炫耀；D. brought up抚养。句意：当被要求选择他的“伙伴”时，西蒙选了一只熊猫。故A选项正确。
29．考查动词辨析。A. decline下降；B. work起作用；C. increase增加；D. react反应。句意：我从来没有梦想过“抱抱伙伴”将这样起作用。故B选项正确。
30．考查动词辨析。A. promote促进；B. start开始；C. evaluate评价；D. examine检查。句意：高中毕业后，我设计了一个网站www.cuddlebuddies.net来推广这个项目。故A选项正确。
31．考查形容词辨析。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. amusing有趣的；C. automatic自动的；D. enthusiastic热情的，狂热的。根据下文More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies可知，反应热烈。故D选项正确。
32．考查名词辨析。A. companies公司；B. committees委员会；C. branches分支；D. institutes机构。句意：越来越多的人加入到我的队伍中来，24个“拥抱伙伴”分支在全国各地成立。故C选项正确。
33．考查副词辨析。A. financially财政地；B. positively积极地；C. socially社会地；D. physically身体地。句意：学会了如何坚持一个想法，以及如何积极地影响一个生命。故B选项正确。
34．考查名词辨析。A. plans计划；B. images影像；C. lessons教训，经验；D. motives动机。句意：我将带着这些经验教训去上大学，继续和“抱抱伙伴”一起工作。故C选项正确。
35．考查动词辨析。A. work out计算出；B. keep off远离；C. rely on依靠；D. engage in参加。句意：我从事一套全新的令人兴奋的学术和非学术追求。故D选项正确。
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A(2020 ·新课标全国卷)
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:
·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.
Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detector
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.
·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
36．What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A．To provide part-time jobs for students.
B．To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C．To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D．To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
37．What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?
A．Pipes and smoke detectors.
B．Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C．Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D．Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations
38．In a fire drill, the students should ________.
A．rush quickly to a lift
B．gather at the nearest exit.
C．shut the door and leave at once
D．wait for instructions in the hall
39．What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
A．Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B．Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C．Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D．Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
40．To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.
A．contact the hall staff regularly
B．cover the things that burn easily
C．start the smoke detector in a fire
D．make certain the red light is working
【答案】36．C 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。
36．细节理解题。根据文章第一段They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器).可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据文章Fire Alarms中的句子Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据文章Fire Drills中的句子Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.和Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据文章Fire Extinguishers中的句子Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据文章Smoke Detector中的句子If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。
点睛：文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题3中C选择项中leave at once与文中的Exit immediately表达的同一个意思；小题4中考生要理解文中fines（罚款）是A选择项中punishment（惩罚）的一种，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别。
B(2017 ·天津卷)
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others’ space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
41．What happened when the author was about to take a photo?
A．Her camera stopped working.
B．A woman blocked her view.
C．Someone asked her to leave
D．A friend approached from behind.
42．According to the author, the woman was probably_______.
A．enjoying herself
B．losing her patience
C．waiting for the sunset
D．thinking about her past
43．In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A．The rich color of the landscape.
B．The perfect positioning of the camera.
C．The woman’s existence in the photo.
D．The soft sunlight that summer day.
44．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.
A．the need to be close to nature
B．the importance of private space
C．the joy of the vacation in Italy
D．the shared passion for beauty
45．The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _______.
A．a particular life experience
B．the pleasure of traveling
C．the art of photography
D．a lost friendship
【答案】41．B 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．A
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述作者在无奈的情况下拍摄的一张被一位女士干扰的照片的故事，向读者描述了这样的照片反而显得更生动，我们应该懂得共享美丽，理解分享美丽的重要性。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段句子Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.可知，当作者要拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视线。故选B。
42．推理判断题。根据第二段句子Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.可推断，这位女士像作者一样，在欣赏风景，玩得很高兴。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据第四段句子And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting.可推断，作者认为，是照片中的女士的存在让照片更加生动。故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段句子Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.可推断，作者卧室里的照片提醒我们我们要共享美丽，更好地理解分享美丽的重要性。故选D。
45．推理判断题。根据倒数句子Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.和第一段句子That photo is a reminder, a captured（捕捉到的）moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.可推断，这篇文章是作者对一次特殊的生活经历的反思。故选A。
C(2017 ·天津卷)
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. ＂Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,＂ said George Vaillant, the psychologist(心理学家) who made the discovery. ＂And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.＂
Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.
Working — at any age — is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings(基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, ＂One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.＂
46．What do we know about John?
A．He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B．He had few childhood playmates.
C．He received little love from his family.
D．He was envied by others in his childhood.
47．Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as　　　　.
A．a description of personal values and social values
B．an analysis of how work was related to competence
C．an example for parents’ expectations of their children
D．an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
48．Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by　　　　.
A．recording the boys’ effort in school
B．evaluating the men’s mental health
C．comparing different sets of scores
D．measuring the men’s problem solving ability
49．What does the underlined word ＂sharp＂ probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Quick to react. B．Having a thin edge.
C．Clear and definite. D．Sudden and rapid.
50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Competent adults know more about love than work.
B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D．Independence is the key to one’s success.
【答案】46．A 47．D 48．C 49．C 50．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后会更快乐，更成功。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.，可知，他的工作满意度更高，婚姻更美满，身体也更健康。所以John对他的事业和婚姻很满意。故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society可知，在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得足以过温饱生活的收入，并开始觉得自己是有价值的社会成员。由此判断出第二段Vaillant的话是解释为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人。故选D。
48．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子The researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores，可知，Vaillant的团队获得他们的发现是通过对比不同的得分。故选C。
49．词义猜测题。根据第四段的Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid.可知，那些在男孩时期参加过最多活动的人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍。所以这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是确定），所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，这里sharp的意思是明确的，一定的。故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how too love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work，可知，如果一个人懂得如何工作，懂得如何去爱，懂得为所爱的人工作，懂得爱自己的工作，那么他就能在这个世界上活得很精彩。由此判断出情感健康对精彩的成年人的生活至关重要。故选B。
D(2021 ·天津卷)
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
51．To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A．narrow his range of knowledge
B．avoid responsibilities at work
C．know more about the society
D．broaden his perspective on life
52．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A．treasure their freedom
B．travel around the world
C．spend most time working
D．enjoy meeting funny people
53．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A．is fully aware of his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．should love poetry and philosophy
D．brings knowledge of other fields to work
54．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
55．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D．Ways to Become a Generalist
【答案】51．A 52．C 53．D 54．D 55．A
【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
51．推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
52．细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. …These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
53．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
54．推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
55．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。
第II卷
第三部分：写作
第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
(2020 ·天津卷)I remember the day shyness took over my life. I was 14 and having a French lesson The teacher told us to record ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect！ I recorded myself with confidence. Then, I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.
My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）. Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable.
And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. All speakers were confident, comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter voices. But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated（疏远的）。 The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too. That day I chose to stop hiding and embrace my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward, bit by bit. Now, I'm happy to tell people I feel shy. I'm not ashamed any more. And I know that I’m not alone.
56．Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording? （no more than 10 words）
57．What is the main idea of Para.2? （no more than 10 words
58．What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? （1 word）
59．Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society? （no more than 10 words）
60．Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people? And why? （no more than 20 words）
【答案】56．Because her voice was different from what she had expected.
Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking.
Or: Because of her little voice.
57．Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）
Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away.
Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58．Accept.
Or: Welcome.
59．To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward.
Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60．I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident.
Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness.
Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个害羞的人，害差使作者不敢参加活动，并把自己封闭起来。后来作者接受了自己的害怕，并创建了Shy and Mighty Society，给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，共同提高。
56．细节理解题。根据第一段“I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.”可知，作者录完音后，按下“播放”键来听，奇怪地听到一个小孩在说话。作者的第一反应是以为在听别人的录音，但那是作者的声音。由此可知，作者感到奇怪是因为自己的声音小，或听到一个小孩在说话，或是感觉听到的不是自己期望的。故答案为：Because her voice was different from what she had expected. Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking. Or: Because of her little voice.
57．段落大意题。根据第二段“My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）.” 可知作者的声音小，使作者害羞，害羞使作者不参加活动，不和别人交流。作者越隐藏自己，舒适区就越小。这些都说明了害羞使作者隐藏，远离了别人，给作者带来了坏影响。故答案为：Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）. Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away. Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58．词义猜测题。上句提到“The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too.”表明作者感悟到这个世界需个性。成功不只是谁喊得声最大。世界也需要更安静的人。根据“That day I chose to stop hiding”可知作者选择不再躲藏，接受自己的害羞。embrace原意是“拥抱”，此处指“接受，迎接”，故答案为：Accept. Or: Welcome.
59．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward,”可知作者创建Shy and Mighty Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，在帮助别人的过程中，也可以推动自己一点点前进。故答案为：To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward. Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60．推理判断题。作者创建Shy and Mighty Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，所以作为这个组织的负责人应该是组织活动或分享克服害羞的经验，用多种形式鼓励他人战胜害羞、增加自信、提高社交技能。故答案可以是：I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident. Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness. Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
(2021 ·天津卷) 假如你是晨光中学的李津。你在英国游学期间曾寄宿在英国学生Chris家，他母 亲Nancy通过电子邮件祝贺你顺利完成高中学业，并询问你将如何安排高中最后一 个假期。请你用英语回复，内容包括：
(1) 表示感谢并问候；
(2) 计划与家人一起做的事情；
(3) 你决定选择哪个专业，为学好该专业做何准备。
注意：
(1) 词数不少于100；
(2) 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
(3) 开头和结尾巳给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Nancy,
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Yours,
Li Jin
【答案】Dear Nancy,
I am very glad to receive your E-mail. I am very grateful to you and your family for taking care of me during my study tour in the UK. And wish you all the best.
Now that I have finished my high school studies, my parents and I are going to travel to Beijing. I'm going toTian 'anmen to see the flag raising and climb the Great Wall. In addition, I want to go to Qinghua Garden to enjoy the elegant demeanor of famous universities. I have decided to register for the computer major. With the rapid development of the Internet industry, the high-paying employment in IT industry attracts more and more people to join the Internet tide. Before choosing, consult people engaged in this major or go to training institutions for consultation. Only with a clear goal, we will have targeted learning in the future, which will be more efficient.
Yours,
Li Jin