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专题09 阅读回答问题（天津、北京用）-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（新高考专用）(32537813)
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这是一份专题09 阅读回答问题（天津、北京用）-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（新高考专用）(32537813)，文件包含专题09阅读回答问题天津北京用-大题小卷冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训新高考专用解析版doc、专题09阅读回答问题天津北京用-大题小卷冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训新高考专用原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题09 阅读回答问题（天津、北京用）-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（解析版）
阅读回答问题属于高考英语卷中的一种开放型的阅读题型，在往年的高考试题中，北京、天津高考使用了此题型。 考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在一定的单词个数以下（英文释义和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。 要善于概括文章或者其中某一个段落和层次的主旨大意、作者的写作目的，要善于分析和把握篇章的结构、推测作者的语气、态度和观点，捕捉文章的具体信息，理解特定环境中语言的意义。
例1 Let me tell you about five of the enemies we face from within．The first enemy that you’ve got to destroy before it destroys you is indifference．What a tragic disease this is! “Ho-hum，let it slide. I’ll just drift along．” Here’s one problem with drifting：you can’t drift your way to the top of the mountain．
The second enemy we face is indecision(优柔寡断). Indecision is the thief of opportunity and enterprise．It will steal your chances for a better future．Take a sword to this enemy．
The third enemy inside is doubt．Sure，there’s room for healthy skepticism．You can’t believe everything．But you also can’t let doubt take over．Many people doubt the past, doubt the future，doubt each other，doubt the government，doubt the possibilities and doubt the opportunities． , they doubt themselves．I’m telling you，doubt will destroy your life and your chances of success．It will empty both your bank account and your heart．Doubt is all enemy．Get rid of it．
The fourth enemy within is worry．We’ve all got to worry some．Just don’t let it conquer you．Instead, let it alarm you．Worry can be useful．If you step off the curb (路边) in New York City and a taxi is coming，you’ve got to worry．But you can’t let worry loose like a mad dog that drives you into a small corner．Here’s what you’ve got to do with your worries：drive them into a small corner. Whatever is out to get you，you’ve got to get it．Whatever is pushing on you, you’ve got to push back．
The fifth enemy is overcaution. It is the timid (胆小的) approach to life．Timidity is not a virtue；it’s an illness．If you let it go，it’ll conquer you．Timid people don’t get promoted．They don’t advance and grow and become powerful in the marketplace．You’ve got to avoid overcaution．
小题1:What’s the best title for this passage? (Within 8 words)
.
小题2:List three enemies inside that might prevent you from getting promoted．(Within 5 words)
.
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words or phrases．(Within 5 words)
.
小题4:Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
However，you shouldn’t be forced into a small room by the worry beyond control．
.
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese．
【答案】
小题1:Facing the Enemies from Within．
小题2:indifference，indecision，doubt，worry， overcaution．(其中三个)
小题3:Besides／Even worse／Worse still／Worse of all等
小题4:But you can’t let worry loose like a mad dog that drives you into a small comer．
小题5: 无论是什么推动了你，你必须把它推回去。
例2 阅读表达
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
[1]Cooking carrots whole before chopping them up increases their anti-cancer properties by 25 percent, researchers say.
[2]Leaving the vegetable intact (完整的) prevents valuable nutrients from being easily washed away into water. They can then be chopped up once cooked without loss of nutrients.
[3]Carrots have long been prized for their health benefits, especially their vitamin and fiber content. They contain huge amounts of carotenoids（类胡萝卜素）which are converted into vitamin A in the body. They are also an excellent source of the anti-cancer compound falcarion (镰叶芹醇). In a previous study, Dr Kirsten Brandt found rats fed on a diet containing carrots or isolated falcarino were less likely to develop tumors than those which were not.
[4]They also found that carrots boiled before they were cut contained 25 percent more falcarino than those that were chopped up first. Carrots which are cut have a higher surface area in contact with water, resulting in greater loss of nutrients, compared with boiling them whole. The heat softens the cell walls in the vegetable, allowing vitamins and falcarino to leach (过滤)out.
[5]Dr Brandt said, "The great thing about this is that it's a simple way for people to increase their uptake of a compound, which is good for you. All you need is a bigger saucepan. Naturally occurring sugars, responsible for giving the carrots its sweet flavor, were also found in higher concentration in carrots that had been cooked whole."
[6]The team also carried out a taste on almost 100 volunteers comparing carrots boiled before being cut and some that are cut up first. More than 80 percent of volunteers said that carrots cooked whole tasted much better.
[7]Boiling carrots whole appears to help them keep more of the nutrients. This is really a piece of good news because the method is of great value. Some other vegetables, such as parsnips (欧洲萝卜) which are from the same family and have a roughly similar size and texture can also be more nutritious by ____.
1. What’ s the main idea of the passage? (No more than 10 words)
2. Complete the following statement with proper words. (No more than 2 words)
can be kept by maintaining the vegetable whole when we are washing it.
3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 7 with proper words. (No more than 3 words)
4. Why do people regard carrots as healthful vegetables? (No more than 8 words)
5. What does the word "those line 2, paragraph 4) probably refer to? (No more than 2 words)
【答案】
小题1:Cooking carrots whole.//A better/ healthier way to cook carrots.
小题2:valuable nutrients
小题3: cooking them whole
小题4:Because they are rich in vitamins and fiber.
小题5:Carrots.
一、主要考查题型：
1.概括文章大意、标题，或指出作者写作的主要意图
What is the purpose of the writer’s writing this passage?
What’s the best title of the passage?
What’s the main idea of the passage/article?
2.补全文章中空缺的句子
Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence/proper words or phrases.
3.根据语境翻译句子
Translate the underlined sentence in the … paragraph into Chinese.
4.同义语句替换
Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.
5.封闭性问题和开放性问题
(1)回答问题
Which of the___do you think is the best/most important for you/sb else? Why?
Do you think it is good/bad/better if ___? Why? (Please answer within ___ words.)
(2)陈述个人观点
What would you do if you…?
How would you settle the problem if you…?
Have you ever done…?
二、具体做题技巧：
一、带着问题去阅读。先看试题，再读文章才能掌握问题的类型。了解题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，才能有针对性地阅读，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。这样既提高了做题的准确率，也节省了宝贵的`时间。
二、对于概括文章大意、标题, 或指出作者写作的主要意图这一类型的题目，要快速浏览全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图。对于大多数文章而言，在第一段往往就交待了该文章的中心内容，首段中的首句或尾句通常会点明该段的中心，因此一般而言，通过归纳第一段的首尾句便可写出该文章的标题。在答题时，切记要有关键词，简明扼要，且不要出现语法错误。
三、句子替换题型。只要准确理解所给句子的意义，抓住所给句子中的关键词，就能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。
四、完成句子题型。这种题型要求考生抓住事实和细节，弄明白空缺的句子及其上下文的内容，而且要弄清其间的关系，根据这些关系猜测出空缺处的内容，然后再读上下文，最后确定答案。
五、开放性问题。这类题型是阅读表达中的主观性试题，要求考生根据文章涉及的问题，结合个人的观点、经验来回答。此类问题的解答比较容易，考生可根据自己的观点选择较容易回答的来回答。这种题目往往设计有两个题目，回答此题时必须回答完整，即怎么问就怎么答。注意别出现语法错误。
六、翻译英文题型。这一题目是对学生综合语言知识理解和运用的考察，要求翻译的句子往往是结构较为复杂或者包括一些特定短语的句子。考生不仅要理解英语语句，而且需要将其转译成汉语，因此又是对汉语表达水平的一种检测。因此，在翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构，并结合句子所在的语境，在忠实原文的基础上，把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子，避免出现“英语式的汉语”或句子的漏译、错译等错误。
阅读下面的短文 并根据短文后的要求答题。（注意问题后的词数要求）
[1] Usually when your teacher asks a question there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
[2] People’s first names or given names are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents ______________________. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
[3] Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.
[4] The earliest last names or surnames were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
[5] Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
[6] The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
[7] Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin or their size or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
[8] Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
小题1:What is the best title of the passage? （Within 10 words）
小题2:Please fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words to complete the sentence.
（Within 10 words.）
小题3:According to the passage what job did the ancestors of the Potter family most probably do?
小题4:List two aspects that the surnames cover in the passage.
1) 2）
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the 7th paragraph into Chinese.
【答案】
小题1:The origin and meaning(s) of names.
小题2: choose the name of a well-known person
小题3: They most probably made pots and pans.
小题4: 1) Places where people lived. 2) People’s occupations. 3) Talents that people possessed. (任选两个)小题5: 有时人们因为他们头发的颜色或肤色，或者他们的高矮胖瘦或特殊的才能而为大家所熟知。
1.【2021年北京高考模拟卷】
阅读短文， 按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into Braille() to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hears and minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises foe more than 40 years.
After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up. So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.
Low’s mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, low read to her. Then “ hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn Braille, I decided to give it a try.” In 1973, she was certified as a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.
The job was strenuous ---she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line, and have to do the whole thing again. For a number of years, low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading (校对) at the CNIB’s word factory.
In April, during Volunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to volunteers like Low, the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print. “ I can’t imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from
Doris’s contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years--- and she is still doing so,” said a CNIB official.
“For me,” said Low, “the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer. Three thins matter most in my life: a little play, a little work, a little love. I’ve found them all here.”
56. What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words)
57. Why did Low learn Braille? ( no more than 15 words)
58. What does the underlined word “strenuous” most probably mean?(1 word)
59. What are Low’s contributions to the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words)
60. What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. ( no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56. She helps transform literature into Braille ( for blind readers / the blind)
57. (Because ) her mother’s eyes began to fail and she heard an/ the advertisement.
58. …. Hard/ tiring ? Tough
59. she has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books onto tape.
60 Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into Braille as a volunteer.
or Low is a kin-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others.
2. 【2021年天津高考模拟卷】
阅读短文， 按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
My name is Clara.I still remember that chilly December day,sitting in science class.I’d finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye:NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it,a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind,Curiosity.
I couldn’t want for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay.That afternoon,I raced home,sat down at the computer,and typed until my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind...”
Five months later, my mon received a phone call,and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face.
On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m,the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars,and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.
Curiosity is such an important part of who I am.I have always been fascinated by the stars,the planets,the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl,my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours.She’d tell me stories and point out the stars,Grandma lived in China,thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas,but the stars kept us together even when we were apart.They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t know about them.That’s what I love so much about space.
People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares.My answer is simple because we’re curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon.
A. How did Clara get the new about the essay contest?( no more than 10 words)
B. Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?( no more than 10 words)
C. What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?( no more than 15 words)
D. What does the underlined phrase “hole up”mean?(1 word)
E. In your opinion,why is curiosity important?( no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56.By reading a Time for Kids magazine.
Or: From a Time for Kids magazine
57. She won the essay contest held by NASA.
Or: She named the Mars rover “Curiosity”.
Or: “Curiosity” was chosen as the name of the Mars rover.
58. She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about stars.
Or: Her grandma told her stories about stars.
Or: They sat together talking about stars.
59.Stay/ Remain/ Live/ Hide
60.Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or inventions.
Or: With Curiosity, we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown.
Or: Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.
1.【2021年北京高考卷】
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题．请在答题卡指定区域作答．
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
40. According to this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．
43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words）
【答案】
40.Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
41.It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．----Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
43. 略
2.【2020年天津高考卷】
阅读表达
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involvesa lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have abrother who is a typical example of "cool". For years I wanted to doeverything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I wasalways the neglected （被忽略的） one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never playfootball or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for therest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed.Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. Thisnew start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirelynew version of "cool".
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at thenew school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of theScience Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology,and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit. Tyson’s definition of"cool", I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, Idid.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answeringquestions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’tfeel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peerswho understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. Forthe first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am！ I’m Tyson’s little brother, butthat’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’mrelieved to know that "cool" has a much broader definition than whatI used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? （no more than 8 words）
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? （no more than 15 words）
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? （no more than 7 words）
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? （no more than 10 words）
60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. （no more than 20 words）
【答案】
56. Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests（in science）.
59. （How） the author discovered a broader definition of "cool".
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60. Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
3.【2019年高考天津卷】
阅读表达
Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into theschool building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms andmops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbageto clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmadecards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of lime to hughim. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes.Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked themall. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to saythey're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something thathappened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can't name eachone. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets herbackpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，who just wants ahug.
“He won't brag（夸耀）on himself, but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where heis, he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that childis having a bad day. If a child approaches him，he will pause to give thatchild his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said LoriGilreath，a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes othersdon't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned todo much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had preparedthe surprise celebration.
Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at hishouse. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are mysunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5words）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15words）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2probably mean？（1 word）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10words）
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20words）
【答案】
56. Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
57. By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
58. Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fondness.
59. （Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.
Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60. My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
专题09 阅读回答问题（天津、北京用）-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（解析版）
阅读回答问题属于高考英语卷中的一种开放型的阅读题型，在往年的高考试题中，北京、天津高考使用了此题型。 考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在一定的单词个数以下（英文释义和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。 要善于概括文章或者其中某一个段落和层次的主旨大意、作者的写作目的，要善于分析和把握篇章的结构、推测作者的语气、态度和观点，捕捉文章的具体信息，理解特定环境中语言的意义。
例1 Let me tell you about five of the enemies we face from within．The first enemy that you’ve got to destroy before it destroys you is indifference．What a tragic disease this is! “Ho-hum，let it slide. I’ll just drift along．” Here’s one problem with drifting：you can’t drift your way to the top of the mountain．
The second enemy we face is indecision(优柔寡断). Indecision is the thief of opportunity and enterprise．It will steal your chances for a better future．Take a sword to this enemy．
The third enemy inside is doubt．Sure，there’s room for healthy skepticism．You can’t believe everything．But you also can’t let doubt take over．Many people doubt the past, doubt the future，doubt each other，doubt the government，doubt the possibilities and doubt the opportunities． , they doubt themselves．I’m telling you，doubt will destroy your life and your chances of success．It will empty both your bank account and your heart．Doubt is all enemy．Get rid of it．
The fourth enemy within is worry．We’ve all got to worry some．Just don’t let it conquer you．Instead, let it alarm you．Worry can be useful．If you step off the curb (路边) in New York City and a taxi is coming，you’ve got to worry．But you can’t let worry loose like a mad dog that drives you into a small corner．Here’s what you’ve got to do with your worries：drive them into a small corner. Whatever is out to get you，you’ve got to get it．Whatever is pushing on you, you’ve got to push back．
The fifth enemy is overcaution. It is the timid (胆小的) approach to life．Timidity is not a virtue；it’s an illness．If you let it go，it’ll conquer you．Timid people don’t get promoted．They don’t advance and grow and become powerful in the marketplace．You’ve got to avoid overcaution．
小题1:What’s the best title for this passage? (Within 8 words)
.
小题2:List three enemies inside that might prevent you from getting promoted．(Within 5 words)
.
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words or phrases．(Within 5 words)
.
小题4:Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
However，you shouldn’t be forced into a small room by the worry beyond control．
.
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese．
【答案】
小题1:Facing the Enemies from Within．
小题2:indifference，indecision，doubt，worry， overcaution．(其中三个)
小题3:Besides／Even worse／Worse still／Worse of all等
小题4:But you can’t let worry loose like a mad dog that drives you into a small comer．
小题5: 无论是什么推动了你，你必须把它推回去。
例2 阅读表达
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
[1]Cooking carrots whole before chopping them up increases their anti-cancer properties by 25 percent, researchers say.
[2]Leaving the vegetable intact (完整的) prevents valuable nutrients from being easily washed away into water. They can then be chopped up once cooked without loss of nutrients.
[3]Carrots have long been prized for their health benefits, especially their vitamin and fiber content. They contain huge amounts of carotenoids（类胡萝卜素）which are converted into vitamin A in the body. They are also an excellent source of the anti-cancer compound falcarion (镰叶芹醇). In a previous study, Dr Kirsten Brandt found rats fed on a diet containing carrots or isolated falcarino were less likely to develop tumors than those which were not.
[4]They also found that carrots boiled before they were cut contained 25 percent more falcarino than those that were chopped up first. Carrots which are cut have a higher surface area in contact with water, resulting in greater loss of nutrients, compared with boiling them whole. The heat softens the cell walls in the vegetable, allowing vitamins and falcarino to leach (过滤)out.
[5]Dr Brandt said, "The great thing about this is that it's a simple way for people to increase their uptake of a compound, which is good for you. All you need is a bigger saucepan. Naturally occurring sugars, responsible for giving the carrots its sweet flavor, were also found in higher concentration in carrots that had been cooked whole."
[6]The team also carried out a taste on almost 100 volunteers comparing carrots boiled before being cut and some that are cut up first. More than 80 percent of volunteers said that carrots cooked whole tasted much better.
[7]Boiling carrots whole appears to help them keep more of the nutrients. This is really a piece of good news because the method is of great value. Some other vegetables, such as parsnips (欧洲萝卜) which are from the same family and have a roughly similar size and texture can also be more nutritious by ____.
1. What’ s the main idea of the passage? (No more than 10 words)
2. Complete the following statement with proper words. (No more than 2 words)
can be kept by maintaining the vegetable whole when we are washing it.
3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 7 with proper words. (No more than 3 words)
4. Why do people regard carrots as healthful vegetables? (No more than 8 words)
5. What does the word "those line 2, paragraph 4) probably refer to? (No more than 2 words)
【答案】
小题1:Cooking carrots whole.//A better/ healthier way to cook carrots.
小题2:valuable nutrients
小题3: cooking them whole
小题4:Because they are rich in vitamins and fiber.
小题5:Carrots.
一、主要考查题型：
1.概括文章大意、标题，或指出作者写作的主要意图
What is the purpose of the writer’s writing this passage?
What’s the best title of the passage?
What’s the main idea of the passage/article?
2.补全文章中空缺的句子
Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence/proper words or phrases.
3.根据语境翻译句子
Translate the underlined sentence in the … paragraph into Chinese.
4.同义语句替换
Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.
5.封闭性问题和开放性问题
(1)回答问题
Which of the___do you think is the best/most important for you/sb else? Why?
Do you think it is good/bad/better if ___? Why? (Please answer within ___ words.)
(2)陈述个人观点
What would you do if you…?
How would you settle the problem if you…?
Have you ever done…?
二、具体做题技巧：
一、带着问题去阅读。先看试题，再读文章才能掌握问题的类型。了解题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，才能有针对性地阅读，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。这样既提高了做题的准确率，也节省了宝贵的`时间。
二、对于概括文章大意、标题, 或指出作者写作的主要意图这一类型的题目，要快速浏览全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图。对于大多数文章而言，在第一段往往就交待了该文章的中心内容，首段中的首句或尾句通常会点明该段的中心，因此一般而言，通过归纳第一段的首尾句便可写出该文章的标题。在答题时，切记要有关键词，简明扼要，且不要出现语法错误。
三、句子替换题型。只要准确理解所给句子的意义，抓住所给句子中的关键词，就能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。
四、完成句子题型。这种题型要求考生抓住事实和细节，弄明白空缺的句子及其上下文的内容，而且要弄清其间的关系，根据这些关系猜测出空缺处的内容，然后再读上下文，最后确定答案。
五、开放性问题。这类题型是阅读表达中的主观性试题，要求考生根据文章涉及的问题，结合个人的观点、经验来回答。此类问题的解答比较容易，考生可根据自己的观点选择较容易回答的来回答。这种题目往往设计有两个题目，回答此题时必须回答完整，即怎么问就怎么答。注意别出现语法错误。
六、翻译英文题型。这一题目是对学生综合语言知识理解和运用的考察，要求翻译的句子往往是结构较为复杂或者包括一些特定短语的句子。考生不仅要理解英语语句，而且需要将其转译成汉语，因此又是对汉语表达水平的一种检测。因此，在翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构，并结合句子所在的语境，在忠实原文的基础上，把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子，避免出现“英语式的汉语”或句子的漏译、错译等错误。
阅读下面的短文 并根据短文后的要求答题。（注意问题后的词数要求）
[1] Usually when your teacher asks a question there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
[2] People’s first names or given names are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents ______________________. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
[3] Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.
[4] The earliest last names or surnames were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
[5] Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
[6] The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
[7] Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin or their size or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
[8] Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
小题1:What is the best title of the passage? （Within 10 words）
小题2:Please fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words to complete the sentence.
（Within 10 words.）
小题3:According to the passage what job did the ancestors of the Potter family most probably do?
小题4:List two aspects that the surnames cover in the passage.
1) 2）
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the 7th paragraph into Chinese.
【答案】
小题1:The origin and meaning(s) of names.
小题2: choose the name of a well-known person
小题3: They most probably made pots and pans.
小题4: 1) Places where people lived. 2) People’s occupations. 3) Talents that people possessed. (任选两个)小题5: 有时人们因为他们头发的颜色或肤色，或者他们的高矮胖瘦或特殊的才能而为大家所熟知。
1.【2021年北京高考模拟卷】
阅读短文， 按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into Braille() to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hears and minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises foe more than 40 years.
After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up. So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.
Low’s mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, low read to her. Then “ hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn Braille, I decided to give it a try.” In 1973, she was certified as a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.
The job was strenuous ---she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line, and have to do the whole thing again. For a number of years, low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading (校对) at the CNIB’s word factory.
In April, during Volunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to volunteers like Low, the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print. “ I can’t imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from
Doris’s contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years--- and she is still doing so,” said a CNIB official.
“For me,” said Low, “the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer. Three thins matter most in my life: a little play, a little work, a little love. I’ve found them all here.”
56. What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words)
57. Why did Low learn Braille? ( no more than 15 words)
58. What does the underlined word “strenuous” most probably mean?(1 word)
59. What are Low’s contributions to the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words)
60. What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. ( no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56. She helps transform literature into Braille ( for blind readers / the blind)
57. (Because ) her mother’s eyes began to fail and she heard an/ the advertisement.
58. …. Hard/ tiring ? Tough
59. she has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books onto tape.
60 Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into Braille as a volunteer.
or Low is a kin-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others.
2. 【2021年天津高考模拟卷】
阅读短文， 按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
My name is Clara.I still remember that chilly December day,sitting in science class.I’d finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye:NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it,a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind,Curiosity.
I couldn’t want for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay.That afternoon,I raced home,sat down at the computer,and typed until my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind...”
Five months later, my mon received a phone call,and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face.
On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m,the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars,and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.
Curiosity is such an important part of who I am.I have always been fascinated by the stars,the planets,the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl,my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours.She’d tell me stories and point out the stars,Grandma lived in China,thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas,but the stars kept us together even when we were apart.They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t know about them.That’s what I love so much about space.
People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares.My answer is simple because we’re curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon.
A. How did Clara get the new about the essay contest?( no more than 10 words)
B. Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?( no more than 10 words)
C. What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?( no more than 15 words)
D. What does the underlined phrase “hole up”mean?(1 word)
E. In your opinion,why is curiosity important?( no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56.By reading a Time for Kids magazine.
Or: From a Time for Kids magazine
57. She won the essay contest held by NASA.
Or: She named the Mars rover “Curiosity”.
Or: “Curiosity” was chosen as the name of the Mars rover.
58. She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about stars.
Or: Her grandma told her stories about stars.
Or: They sat together talking about stars.
59.Stay/ Remain/ Live/ Hide
60.Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or inventions.
Or: With Curiosity, we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown.
Or: Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.
1.【2021年北京高考卷】
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题．请在答题卡指定区域作答．
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
40. According to this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．
43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words）
【答案】
40.Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
41.It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．----Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
43. 略
2.【2020年天津高考卷】
阅读表达
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involvesa lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have abrother who is a typical example of "cool". For years I wanted to doeverything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I wasalways the neglected （被忽略的） one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never playfootball or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for therest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed.Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. Thisnew start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirelynew version of "cool".
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at thenew school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of theScience Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology,and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit. Tyson’s definition of"cool", I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, Idid.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answeringquestions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’tfeel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peerswho understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. Forthe first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am！ I’m Tyson’s little brother, butthat’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’mrelieved to know that "cool" has a much broader definition than whatI used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? （no more than 8 words）
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? （no more than 15 words）
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? （no more than 7 words）
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? （no more than 10 words）
60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. （no more than 20 words）
【答案】
56. Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests（in science）.
59. （How） the author discovered a broader definition of "cool".
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60. Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
3.【2019年高考天津卷】
阅读表达
Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into theschool building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms andmops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbageto clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmadecards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of lime to hughim. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes.Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked themall. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to saythey're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something thathappened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can't name eachone. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets herbackpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，who just wants ahug.
“He won't brag（夸耀）on himself, but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where heis, he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that childis having a bad day. If a child approaches him，he will pause to give thatchild his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said LoriGilreath，a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes othersdon't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned todo much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had preparedthe surprise celebration.
Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at hishouse. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are mysunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5words）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15words）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2probably mean？（1 word）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10words）
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20words）
【答案】
56. Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
57. By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
58. Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fondness.
59. （Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.
Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60. My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
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