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专题02 阅读理解说明文&议论文-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（解析版）

说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅读理解中的C/D篇，主要分为两种类型：实验研究和介绍说明型。除了遵循上述文本结构的几个部分的模式外，作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（description）（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法（cause and effect）、问题与对策法（problem and solution）。
议论文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅读理解中的C/D篇，主要考查学生的逻辑思维能力。从文章中的细节、主旨以及写作意图等方面着手，学生能从中总结出一个论点出来。

一、说明文
例1 People blink (眨眼) their eyes tens of thousands of times every day. Scientists have long believed blinking was an involuntary movement and served mainly to keep the eyeballs wet. But a new study suggests it has a more important purpose.
An international team of scientists from the University of California at Berkeley studied the blinking of human eyelids. The journal Current Biology published their findings. The team said they said they found that blinking “repositions our eyeballs so we can stay focused” on what we are seeing. They said that when we blink our eyelids, the eyes roll back into their sockets - the bony area that surrounds and protects the eyes. However, the researchers found the eyes don’t always return to the same position. They said this causes the brain to tell the eye muscles to recoganize our eyesight.
Gerrit Maus is the lead writer of the report. He serves as an assistant professor of psychology at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Maus said, “Our eye muscles are quite sluggish (迟缓的) and imprecise, so the brain needs to constantly adapt its motor signals to make sure our eyes are pointing where they’re supposed to. Our findings suggested that the brain measures the difference in what we see before and after a blink, and commands the eyes muscles to make the needed corrections.” The researchers said that without such corrections our surroundings would appear unclear and even jumpy. They said the movement acts “like a steadicam (摄影稳定器) of the mind.”
The researchers said they asked volunteers to sit in a dark room while staring at a small dot on a flat surface. They used special cameras to follow the volunteer’s blinks and eye movements. After each blink, the dot was moved one centimeter to the right. The volunteers did not notice this, but the brain did. It followed the movement and directed the eye muscles to refocus on the dot. After the dot was moved in this way 30 times, the volunteers’ eyes changed their focus to the place where they predicted it would be.
Professor Maus said, “Even though participants did not consciously register that the dot had moved, their brains did, and adjusted with corrective eye movements. These findings add to our understanding of how the brain constantly adapts to changes, commanding our eyes muscles to correct for errors in our bodies’ own handware.”
1. According to the new study, blinking eyes can ________.
A. sever to keep the eyeballs wet
B. reposition eyeballs to stay focused
C. consciously correct eye movements
D. make our eyes adapt to motor signals
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。根据第一段中But a new study suggests it has a more important purpose.可知，接下去的第2段中将会出现具体的新研究对象。根据第二段The team said they said they found that blinking “repositions our eyeballs so we can stay focused” on what we are seeing可得知正确答案。故选B。
2. From the experiment, we can learn that ________.
A. volunteers could see the moving dot with special cameras
B. the eyeballs could stay in the place as they were predicted
C. participants were aware of the dot’s movements to the right
D. the brain commanded the eye muscles to refocus on the dot
【答案】D
【解析】推断题。根据最后一段Professor Maus said, “Even though participants did not consciously register that the dot had moved, their brains did, and adjusted with corrective eye movements.可知研究成果是和脑部有关，大脑操控一切。故选D
3. The underlined word “register” in the Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A. realize
B. refocus
C. reserve
D. reason
【答案】A
【解析】猜词题。根据第四段中The volunteers did not notice this, but the brain did. It followed the movement and directed the eye muscles to refocus on the dot. 可知志愿者没有意识到，志愿者的脑子却意识到了，所以Even though participants did not consciously register that the dot had moved, their brains did, and adjusted with corrective eye movements.中的register应该是notice的同义词。故选A。
4. This passage shows that ________.
A. eye muscles are quite inactive and imprecise
B. the research is of great value in the eye movement
C. the brain plays an important role in seeing things clearly
D. volunteers control their blinks to follow the changes of the dots
【答案】C
【解析】主旨题。根据最后一段中Professor Maus said, “Even though participants did not consciously register that the dot had moved, their brains did, and adjusted with corrective eye movements.可知研究成果是和脑部有关，大脑操控一切。故选C。

二、议论文
例1 There are two main types of office layouts used by most companies around the world: Landscape Office and Enclosed Office. A landscape office lacks privacy, however, this office layout is more beneficial than an enclosed office for employees to improve work efficiency(效率) and productivity.
Some people might desire an undisturbed workplace. According to the survey collected from a company with the two kinds of office layouts, most of managers prefer a workplace where they can concentrate on their work and make a clear thinking. However, managers that possess their own enclosed offices might have the feeling of being distant from their clerks, which leads to high pressure. Meanwhile, employees tend to be nervous when they have conversations with their managers in an obviously hierarchical(等级制的) environment. In contrast, a landscape office makes it easier and more pleasant for employees to communicate with their managers or their colleagues; this would result in speeding up work efficiency and productivity. 
Besides, greater interaction is beneficial for employees to build up friendship in a landscape office. This can be proved by the experiment of Brookes and Kaplan. They recorded the attitudes and opinions of 120 employees toward their enclosed office before they moved to the landscape office, and then after nine months they were tested again. The researchers discovered that those employees performed positive changes in group sociability. When people have better group sociability, they experience a better team work and efficient cooperation, which surely promotes work productivity.
Some opponents claim that a landscape office would lead to the decline of the value of work satisfaction and motivation from employees. However, the result from other researchers remained controversial; in their opinion there are several factors which affect job satisfaction and motivation. 600 Canadian federal government department workers who were housed at a modern landscape office and were surveyed gave both negative and positive feedback. They admitted that they felt the sense of belonging to a team or a working community, which mainly contributes to job satisfaction. Motivation is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty to a team.
Admittedly, there are some advantages that only enclosed offices possess. However, a landscape office can combine the features of the traditional enclosed office, for example, designing the independent meeting room to decrease noise from discussion. Although the benefits of a landscape office outweigh those of an enclosed office, which layout is better should be decided by the characteristics of the people and the type of work they do.
1. What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A. Colleague cooperation and its motivation.
B. Group sociability and its productivity.
C. Working environment and its effect.
D. Office privacy and its atmosphere.
【答案】C
【解析】篇章主旨题。第一段第二句“A landscape office lacks privacy, however, this office layout is more beneficial than an enclosed office for employees to improve work efficiency and productivity.”可知作者想说明不同工作环境所带来的影响。故选C。
2. What has the significant effect on productivity according to Paragraph 2?
A. Job satisfaction.
B. Relaxed atmosphere.
C. Group sociability.
D. Undisturbed workplace.
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。由第二段“In contrast, a landscape office makes it easier and more pleasant for employees to communicate with their managers or their colleagues; this would result in speeding up work efficiency and productivity.” 可知轻松愉悦的气氛对工作效率产出有重要影响。故选B。
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Enclosed office leads to individual creativity.
B. Different working styles in enclosed office is encouraged.
C. Landscape office contributes to effective conversations.
D. Frequent communication in landscape office results in high pressure.
【答案】B
【解析】细节推断题。由第三段“Besides, greater interaction is beneficial for employees to build up friendship in a landscape office.”可知开放式办公室中，员工间更多的互动有利于建立友谊。与B意思相同。故选B。
4. What is the author’s attitude towards office layouts?
A. Objective.
B. Casual.
C. Optimistic.
D. Skeptical.
【答案】A
【解析】态度主旨题。从文章尾段转折后“Although the benefits of a landscape office outweigh those of an enclosed office, which layout is better should be decided by the characteristics of the people and the type of work they do.”可知作者对办公室布局持客观态度，应具体问题具体分析。故选A。


说明文
说明文是客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。题材涉及科技、社会和生活等各个领域。如：太空探索、生物进化、环境保护、社会科学的发展、科研动向和成果等等。
常见的说明方法：
下定义、举例子、做比较、打比方
说明文做题方法：
1. 首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析原文的文本结构；
2. 然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。
3. 如果文章中含有标题、副标题、图片等，在概括全文主旨大意和写作目的时需要重点考虑。根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。

议论文
1. 文章首尾体现论点
(1) 直接提出观点
(2) 体现作者的正负态度
(3) 体现作者的建议、立场

2. 题目偏向主旨、态度的考查
(1) 侧重考查作者态度、立场，以及向读者提出的建议；
(2) 细节题正确选项更加偏向于主旨，因此正确选项均与主旨紧密相关。

议论文的做题方法
(1) 看文章首尾段，找作者观点 / 作者态度；
(2) 找各段总括句；
(3) 细节题中，与观点主旨无关的选项直接排除。


Robot Surgeon (外科医生) Succeeds without Help from Human Doctors
Humans make mistakes. Even surgeons with years of experience are not infallible. But what if these doctors could pool their knowledge and experience together and create a surgical standard of care, to be carried out by machines?
That’s the idea behind surgical robots, which may soon perform most surgeries, from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures. Many of these operations are, in fact, already completed with the assistance of robots. But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further, performing on soft tissue completely on their own, from start to finish.
The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR), successfully completed surgeries on pigs. “We’re the first group to develop autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surgery, and when compared to standard operation, it’s better,” says Peter Kim, professor of surgery. “The idea is not to replace surgeons; it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer.”
A recent Mayo Clinic study found that major surgical errors - including operating on the wrong site or side of the body, or even leaving tools or objects inside the patient - occur every one out of 22,000 procedures. That’s rare, but robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further.
In the da Vinci surgical system, surgeons place their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar. The robot’s every major move is controlled by surgeons, and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon’s training or experience.
STAR, on the other hand, is entirely autonomous. It’s not only able to work on its own and perform surgeries with a more flexible “hand”, but it’s able to react to the unexpected incidents. Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing, but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex. STAR reacts to a changing environment, similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway, but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way.
1. The underlined word “infallible” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A. always right
B. really creative
C. rather responsible
D. quite smart
【答案】A
【解析】猜词题。从文章第一段第一句话“人非圣贤孰能无过”，可推断第二句话“即时经验丰富的外科医生也会犯错”，而划线词前面有一个not，犯错即为“不正确”。故选A。
2. We can learn from the passage that STAR ______.
A. has been widely used in the operating room
B. can perform the operation on its own
C. can make surgeries much faster
D. will take the place of surgeons
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。从文章第二段第三句话“但是最近的试验表明，机器人在手术室的行为也许很快有进一步的发展，它们可以独立完成软组织的手术”可得B选项符合文意。从文章第二段第二句话“事实上，许多该类的手术（缝合伤口到心脏手术）过程已经有了机器人的帮助”，这句话讲的是外科手术机器人，而从文章第三段第一句话可知STAR在目前阶段是一个软组织手术机器人，故A选项与文章不符。文章未提及手术速度，故排除C选项。从文章第三段最后一句话“这个设计并不是为了替代外科医生，而是为了让外科医生的手术过程更加安全”可得D选项与文意相反。故选B。
3. In the da Vinci surgical system, ________.
A. robots are trained from afar
B. surgery results depend on surgeons
C. robots always make mistakes
D. surgeons have trouble controlling robots
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。从文章第五段“在达芬奇外科手术系统中，外科医生会使用双手去操控机器人工具，因此外科医生的训练和经验很可能影响手术的结果”可锁定B选项。故选B。
4. In the last paragraph, the author mentions self-driving cars in order to show ________.
A. how bad getting in another driver’s way might be
B. how difficult self-driving on the highway is
C. how smart an autonomous robot can be
D. how dangerous operating on people is
【答案】C
【解析】主旨题。题干问的是一个具体事例（自动驾驶汽车）在段落中的作用，在说明文中，例子的作用通常是解释主旨。该段的主题句是第一句“STAR是全自动的”，A选项与B选项讲的是自动驾驶车辆的细节，与主旨无关；D选项讲的是手术的危险性，文章未提及；C讲的是全自动机器人非常智能，与主旨相符。故选C。

Every year, thousands of new high school graduates pack their bags, move to new cities, and sign papers accepting loans, the money borrowed from a bank or lenders etc., which they might not be able to pay back. Without proper education on personal finance, especially as it relates to paying for college, young adults are guided into improper loan plans that result in years of debt after graduation. In order to set students up to succeed financially, it is important to educate students and parents on their financial options before school in the fall. The best way to support families heading for college is to require that every high school student take a personal finance class before graduation. This will help smooth the transition into adulthood.
The average student takes out at least one loan to cover the costs of their education each year. In 2014 the average student graduating from college carried a negative balance of about $20,000 in debt, which often spread over multiple lenders. Upon graduation, students rarely know exactly how much money they owe, and even though they are in the state of being unable to pay their debts, they cannot wipe out student loans. These students spend much of their adult lives paying off the gradual increasing debts.
A personal finance course would teach students how to manage their income and expenditures, while helping to significantly reduce the amount of debt students carry into adulthood. By teaching students how to save money and live within their means, this course will provide the next generation with a foundation to progress financially. Students choosing to get a job straight out of high school would also benefit from finance education for these very reasons. With education on how to manage their finances, all young people will have the knowledge to make healthy decisions, leading them to improve good credit and purchase needed items like cars and homes with skill and confidence.
While not every young person makes financial mistakes, those who do can face years of difficulty trying to get their finances back under control. Rather than help them through these hard times when they happen, we should try to prevent them from happening at all. Making the completion of personal finance coursework a requirement for graduation would ensure that young people are at least aware of the basics of preserving a financial stability.
1. After graduation from college, many young people ______.
A. struggle to support their families
B. spend years paying off their debts
C. get through the hard times smoothly
D. are able to manage their own finances well
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。根据题干After graduation from college定位到第二段“Upon graduation”，接着看到后一句“These students spend much of their adult lives paying off the gradual increasing debts.”。故选B。
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. Ways to improve financial credits.
B. Advantages of taking a finance course.
C. Skills of balancing income and expenditures.
D. Introduction to the education on personal finance.
【答案】B
【解析】段落主旨题。通过第三段首句“A personal finance course would teach students how to manage their income and expenditures, while helping to significantly reduce the amount of debt students carry into their adulthood”可知本段在陈述私人理财课程的益处，对应B选项的“Advantages of taking a finance course.”。故选B。
3. Having financial knowledge, high school students are probably able to ______.
A. smooth their way for college
B. get out of their financial trap
C. free from the cost of their college education
D. avoid the risk of the future financial trouble
【答案】D
【解析】细节题。根据题干high school students定位到第三段“Students choosing to get a job straight out of high school would also benefit from finance education will have these very reason.”后文具体描述原因“具备作出健康决定的知识”、“提升良好信用”、“购买所需物品”，这些均是使财务健康话，规避未来经济上的风险的原因表述。故选D。
4. The main purpose of the passage is to_______.
A. inform and explain B. argue and persuade
C. analyze and evaluate D. discuss and examine
【答案】B
【解析】篇章主旨题。全文首段“it is important to educate students and parents on their financial options before school in the fall. The best way to support families heading for college is to require every high school student take a personal finance class before graduation.”表明主旨，论证学生做个人理财的重要性和说服学生上理财课。故选B。


1.【2021年江苏省南通市高三新高考模拟】
Student loan (贷款) debt has become a worldwide problem. In America, the country's overall student debt reached a record of $1.6 trillion in 2019. The average person with student loan debt owed between $20,000 and $25,000. A recent Japanese government report says it has been lending over $9 billion yearly to students since 2010. Similar conditions exist in Africa and South America.
Several factors account for high student loan debt. One is that employers everywhere have increased their demands for skilled workers, making higher education a requirement for many jobs. The students, however, after graduation, often find that their country's economy is not strong enough to support their financial needs, so their ability to pay back the loan becomes a problem.
To solve the problem, many countries are seeking their ways. Australia has developed a system where students do not have to pay anything back until they are earning at least $40,000 a year. In America, several candidates running for president in the 2020 election have offered more extreme solutions that all or at least some of these loans will be forgiven.
Some professors in several universities recently studied what the effects of debt forgiveness might be. They found that, overall, sudden debt relief greatly improved the borrowers' lives. Not only did they have more money, but they were more likely to move to a new area and seek better paying work.
Yet the professors' research doesn't include what might happen to financial institutions or the overall economy if debt were totally forgiven. It only looks at how debt forgiveness would help the borrowers. They warn of some other possible negative effects. If a borrower knew that if he ran into any trouble he would be saved because he could get the debt relief, then he might actually become more reckless (轻率的) with his borrowing in the future.
No matter what, the professors agree that if countries do decide to approve some student debt relief the neediest students should be helped first.
28．How does the author introduce the problem of student loan?
A．By making a comparison. B．By making classifications.
C．By presenting some statistics. D．By setting down general rules.
29．What can we learn about student loan debt relief?
A．It will surely provide some benefits to borrowers.
B．It has already been carried out in the United States.
C．It aims to encourage more students to borrow money.
D．It will prevent a person from landing a well-paying job.
30．What is the professors' attitude to debt forgiveness?
A．Uncaring. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Cautious.
31．What's the main idea of the text?
A．Student loan debt is the most serious problem worldwide.
B．Growing global student debt fuels search for solutions.
C．Student loan debt tends to pull the needy out of trouble.
D．People hold different opinions on debt forgiveness.
【答案】28-31 CADB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了学生债务成全球性问题，各国都在寻求解决方案。
28．推理判断题。由第一段可知，在美国，2019年全国学生债务总额达到了创纪录的1.6万亿美元。平均每个学生的助学贷款在2万到2.5万美元之间。日本政府最近的一份报告说，自2010年以来，日本每年向学生发放的贷款已经超过90亿美元。非洲和南美洲也存在类似的情况。所以判断出作者通过展示一些统计数据介绍学生贷款的问题。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。由倒数第三段“They found that, overall, sudden debt relief greatly improved the borrowers' lives. Not only did they have more money, but they were more likely to move to a new area and seek better paying work.”可知，他们发现，总的来说，突然的债务减免极大地改善了借款人的生活。他们不仅有更多的钱，而且更有可能搬到一个新的地区，寻找更高收入的工作。所以债务减免肯定会给借款人带来一些好处。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中They found that, overall, sudden debt relief greatly improved the borrowers' lives. Not only did they have more money, but they were more likely to move to a new area and seek better paying work.可知，教授们认为免除学生债务是有好处的，这大大改善借款人的生活，他们不仅有更多的钱，而且更有可能搬到一个新的地区，寻找薪水更高的工作。再根据第五段中Yet the professors’ research doesn’t include what might happen to financial institutions or the overall economy if debt were totally forgiven. It only looks at how debt forgiveness would help the borrowers. They warn of some other possible negative effects.可知，他们的研究不包括如果完全免除债务，金融机构或整个经济可能会发生什么。它只着眼于债务免除将如何帮助借款人。他们警告说，还有其他一些可能的负面影响。由此判断出，教授们对债务免除的态度是谨慎的。故选D项。
31．主旨大意题。由第一段“Student loan (贷款) debt has become a worldwide problem.”学生贷款债务已经成为一个世界性的问题。由第三段“To solve the problem, many countries are seeking their ways.”为了解决这个问题，许多国家都在寻找解决方案。所以短文主要是关于不断增长的全球学生债务促使各国寻找解决方案。故选B项。

2.【2021年江苏省南通市高三新高考模拟】
There was a time when the major concern with AI safety had been the one evil super intelligence, reflected in the movie “The Terminator”. However, the game “Tacoma” takes a different approach. It assumes that there will be numerous AGI (artificial general intelligence) in the world and that any AGI, even a safely designed one, in the wrong hands at the wrong time could cause live« to be lost. That's the future that a growing number of AI safety experts are worried about.
This is not a new idea. In the book “Engineering a Safer World,” MIT professor Nancy G. Leveson addresses common misunderstandings about safety-critical systems engineering: engineering systems whose failure could lead to human loss. Such safety-critical technologies include aviation, nuclear power, automobiles, heavy chemicals, biotechnology, and, of course, AGI.
So what can be done?
Technology isn’t always the solution. A famous example is the invention of sonic radars (声波雷达) that were supposed to help ships detect nearby obstacles, but which only increased the rate of accidents. Why? Captains sailed faster, thinking they could get away with it thanks to the new safety technology.
Instead of technologies, Leveson's book suggests, we should be making organizational changes. Additionally, Leveson suggests, among many complicated guidelines, organizations should be aware that safety guidelines will inevitably become lax over time. As a consequence, measures should be carried out to prevent potential disasters.
What lessons can we draw from concern with AI safety? The answer may lie in recent disaster narratives (叙述), which remind us that, especially in limes like this, we shouldn't forget the potential for other disasters. Public conscience really does matter. And if we're all better at thinking about safety we citizens, maybe we really can prevent disasters.

32．Why does the author mentioned “The Terminator” in the first paragraph?
A．To arouse readers' interest in The Terminator.
B．To introduce the topic of concern with AI safely.
C．To mention the similarity between “The Terminator” and “Tacoma”.
D．To make readers recall the evil super intelligence reflected in the movie.
33．Why did the rate of ship accidents still increase after the invention of sonic radars?
A．Because captains seldom used them.
B．Because the radars failed to work properly.
C．Because captains depended on them too much.
D．Because the ships couldn't detect nearby obstacles.
34．What does the underlined word “lax” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Safe. B．Important.
C．Unreliable. D．Unnecessary.
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Disaster prevention Lessons from AI.
B．Safety problems in modern society.
C．Engineering development in modern days.
D．Future applications of artificial intelligence.
【答案】32-35 BCCA
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对人工智能安全的担忧，作者提出如果公民都能更好地考虑安全问题，也许我们真的可以预防灾难的想法。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段There was a time when the major concern with AI safety had been the one evil super intelligence, reflected in the movie “The Terminator”.可推断，作者提及《终结者》是为了介绍本文对人工智能安全的担忧的主题。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段Captains sailed faster, thinking they could get away with it thanks to the new safety technology.可见，是因为他们过于依赖新技术使得事故发生更多。故选C项。
34．词义猜测题。根据第五段As a consequence, measures should be carried out to prevent potential disasters.可猜测，随着时间的推移，安全指南也不再安全，所以lax意为“不可靠的”。故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段What lessons can we draw from concern with AI safety?及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述我们人类在人工智能安全中获得的教训。故选A项。

3.【2021年江苏省市苏锡常镇四市高三新高考模拟】
Streaming (流媒体) first became popular in 2005, thanks to YouTube. Nowadays nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service. With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video. But for every Goliath, there are a hundred David’s. Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime (动画片).
In the early days of steaming the appeal was the lower cost, and it still is. The average streamer spends $37 a month (and subscribes to three streaming platform, while the average cable (有线电视) user pays more than $200 per month. Still streaming has become more expensive in recent years. In 2019, Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12.5 percent, to $8.99 a month. A quarter of is subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did.
A major reason: Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, and last year, Netflix received more Oscar nominations(提名) than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year. Usually only films shown in theaters are considered, but because of the coronavirus, all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming
service, Disney+. But watching Mulan from your own home will cost $29.99---on top of the service's monthly fee of $6.99. 
Too much streaming can have its disadvantages, however. There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of (a TV series) on end. "Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours.
28. What do the underlined words “Goliath" and“David" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. TV viewers.                B. TV programs.
C. Streaming subscribers.        D.Streaming services.
29. Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions?
A. They cannot go without it.
B. They think the low cost is a thing of the past.
C. Netflix has controlled the market.
D. They think it is good value for money. 
30. What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney?
A. The movie Mulan can be released on Disney+.
B. The movie Mulan will generate great profits.
C. The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar.
D. The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award.
31. What do binge-watchers tend to do?
A. They start a new life.          B. They watch TV series continuously.
C. They break world records.       Dithery watch TV series aimlessly
【答案】   28-31 DDCB
【解析】  
第28题 D 在老教材里，David VS Goliath暗指以弱胜强的故事。David代指的是弱者，Goliath是被David这个弱者用石头砸死的巨人。这里暗指Netflix 是巨人Goliath,在他的背后有很多麻雀虽小，五脏俱全的小型流媒体服务商，即Davids.所以无论是行业大佬Netflix，还是与之相抗衡的小型流媒体服务商，David and Goliath均代指Streaming services.

第29题 D 细节理解题。定位到文章第二段，文章第二段比对了早期各种媒体服务的价格，因此人们继续订阅Netflix的原因应该是它物有所值，故选D。

第30题 C 细节理解题。定位到文章第三段，由于新冠疫情，那些2021年能够获奖的电影都在2020年播出了，因此对Disney而言，好消息应该是《花木兰》这部电影可能能够获得奥斯卡奖，故选C。

第31题 B 细节理解题。定位到文章最后一段，也有那些刷剧成瘾(binge-watch)的人，他们无休止的(on end)看许多许多电视剧，B选项符合文意。D选项的“aimlessly”意思是无目的的，在文章中未提及，故排除。故本题选B。


1.【2021年全国高考I卷C篇】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
5. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition D. She is sensitive to heat.
6. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places
C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young
7. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。

2.【2021年全国高考I卷D篇】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。

3.【2021年全国高考II卷B篇】
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。

4.【2021年全国高考II卷C篇】
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一新”。故选C项。
【31题详解】
标题判断题。艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。

5.【2021年全国高考II卷D篇】
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32 Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
35. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He’s a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street - so I can focus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop - significantly outperformed the other groups.和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. ”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。

6.【2021年新高考I卷C篇】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies, marshes and lands teamed with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had been wise stewards of these precious natural resources. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age ad over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by JN. "Ding" Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands.     B. Popularity of watersports.
C. Pollution of rivers.   D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29.What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.   B. Export.   C. Destroy.   D. Distribute.
30.What is a direct result of the Act passed in1934? 
A. The stamp price has gone down.
B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.
D. The government has collected money.
31.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story.            
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System. 
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl.
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting. 
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。

7.【2021年新高考I卷D篇】
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。