2022届高考英语语法专题2：时态和语态学案

高中英语语法专题2：时态和语态

一．一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时

1. 一般现在时

We often go to school by bus.

I play football once a week.

The earth moves around the sun.

思考：（1）一般现在时态的典型特征是什么？

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（2）一般现在时态的谓语动词用什么形式？被动语态怎么变？

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（3）翻译下列句子：

我通常在早晨七点钟起床。

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我有时候在周末去看望我奶奶。

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医生在世界的每个角落都是被需要的。

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这种药通常被用来治疗心脏病。

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2. 一般过去时

I made a big mistake yesterday.

The baby boy put his finger into his mouth and laughed happily.

I didn’t recognize you when you came in just now.

思考：（1）一般过去时的典型特征是什么？

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（2）一般过去时态的谓语动词用什么形式？被动语态怎么变？

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（3）翻译下列句子：

当我很小的时候，我生活在农村。

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他三年前开始学英语。

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昨天我被邀请去参加了一个重要的会议。

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上周我被选中作为一名交换生去留学一年。

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3. 一般将来时

I will become a famous scientist in the future.

Our school is going to hold a singing competition next week.

It will be a good chance for you to realize your dream.

思考：（1）一般将来时的典型特征是什么？

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（2）一般将来时态的谓语动词用什么形式？被动语态怎么变？

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（3）翻译下列句子：

从今以后我每个星期都会去看望你的。

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我不会把这个秘密告诉任何人的。

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更多的措施将会被采取来保护环境。

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几天之后，一辆新自行车将会被送给我作为我的生日礼物。

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二．现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时

1. 现在进行时

I am doing my homework.

The girl in red is writing a letter to her good friend.

Do not shout while the baby is sleeping.

思考：（1）现在进行时的典型特征是什么？

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（2）现在进行时态的谓语动词用什么形式？被动语态怎么变？

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（3）翻译下列句子：

他正在思考该如何去完成这个困难的任务。

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请不要进入那栋房子因为工人们正在粉刷。

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大量的树木正在被砍伐。

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一种新的方法正在被采用来治疗肺癌。

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2. 过去进行时

The girl was watching TV when I knocked at the door.

Can you tell me what you were doing at 8pm?

I was writing a letter to my girlfriend upstairs when the earthquake happened.

思考：（1）过去进行时的典型特征是什么？

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（2）过去进行时态的谓语动词用什么形式？被动语态怎么变？

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（3）翻译下列句子：

当你给我打电话的时候我正睡着觉呢。

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当她正在读报纸的时候，她的女儿睡着了

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当我路过的时候，这条稀有的鱼正在被放生到湖里。

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这个话题正在被学生们讨论着当老师进入教室的时候。

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3. 将来进行时

I will be taking the English exam at 9am tomorrow.

As the weather forecast says, a heavy rain will be striking this area at this time tomorrow.

Can you imagine what you will be doing ten years later?

思考：（1）将来进行时的典型特征是什么？

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（2）将来进行时态的谓语动词用什么形式？被动语态怎么变？

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（3）翻译下列句子：

下周五我将会正在美国旅游。

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明天这个时候我将会正在准备午饭。

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明早九点这栋老房子将会正在被拆除。

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明年这个时候另外三条新的高速公路将会正在被建设。

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三．现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时

1. 现在完成时

I have finished my homework.

The man has collected 500 stamps since he was a little boy.

The government has taken a lot of measures to protect the environment.

思考：（1）现在完成时态的典型特征是什么？

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（2）现在完成时态的谓语动词用什么形式？被动语态怎么变？

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（3）翻译下列句子：

到现在为止我已经见过她七八次了。

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自从2008年起，我已经13年没有见过我同桌了。

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在过去的10年中，超过1000棵树已经被这个男人种在了这座岛屿上。

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这个可怜的孩子已经被独自留在农村了5年了。

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2. 过去完成时

I had finished my homework by last night.

He had collected 500 stamps by the end of last year.

The housewife had repaired the washing machine before her husband came back home.

思考：（1）过去完成时的典型特征是什么？

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（2）过去完成时态的谓语动词用什么形式？被动语态怎么变？

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（3）翻译下列句子：

在我认识她之前她已经在这家工厂工作了3年了。

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到去年年底为止，我已经学习了2000个英语单词了。

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当我抵达的时候这只可怜的小狗已经被杀死了。

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截止到去年为止，在这所学校超过2万名学生已经被送进了大学。

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3. 将来完成时

The man will have collected 900 stamps by the end of next year.

My uncle will have worked in this factory for 30 years when he retires next year.

I will have arrived in the USA by this time tomorrow.

思考：（1）将来完成时的典型特征是什么？

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（2）将来完成时态的谓语动词用什么形式？被动语态怎么变？

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（3）翻译下列句子：

当你明天来拜访我的时候，我将会已经离开去北京了。

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当你十年后再见到我的时候，我将会已经成为一个非常成功的商人了。

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到今天晚上为止，所有的票将会已经被卖光了。

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当你明年再来这儿的时候，这些旧房子将会已经被高楼大厦给取代了。

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四．16种时态汇总：

参考解析

一般现在时态

1. I usually get up at 7am.
2. I sometimes visit my grandma on weekends.
3. Doctors are needed everywhere in the world.
4. This medicine is usually used to treat heart disease.

一般过去时态

1. I lived in the countryside when I was very young.
2. He started to learn English three years ago.
3. I was invited to attend an important meeting yesterday.
4. I was chosen to study abroad for a year as an exchange student last year.

一般将来时态

1. I will visit you every week from now on.
2. I will not tell anybody this secret.
3. More measures will be taken to protect the environment.
4. Several days later, a new bike will be sent to me as my birthday gift.

现在进行时态：

1. He is thinking about how to finish this difficult task.
2. Please do not enter that house because workers are painting it.
3. A large number of trees are being cut down.
4. A new method is being adopted to treat lung cancer.

过去进行时态

1. I was sleeping when you called me.
2. Her daughter fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.
3. When I passed by, the rare fish was being set free into the lake.
4. This topic was being discussed by students when the teacher came into the classroom.

将来进行时态

1. I will be traveling in the USA next Friday.
2. I will be preparing Lunch at this time tomorrow.
3. This old house will be being removed at 9am tomorrow.
4. Another three new highways will be being built at this tome next year.

现在完成时态

1. I have seen her for seven or eight times so far.
2. I haven’t seen my desk-mate for 13 years since 2008.
3. More than 1,000 trees have been planted on the island by the man in the past ten years.
4. This poor child has been left alone in the countryside for 5 years.

过去完成时态

1. She had worked in this factory for 3 years before I knew her.
2. I had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last year.
3. The poor little dog had been killed when I arrived.
4. More than 20 thousand students of this school had been sent into universities by last year.

将来进行时态

1. I will have left for Beijing when you come to visit me tomorrow.
2. I will have become a very successful businessman when you see me again ten years later.
3. All tickets will have been sold out by tonight.
4. These old houses will have been replaced by tall buildings when you come here again next year.