中考英语语法复习——动词过去分词 (done) 知识点归纳及练习 (有答案)

 中考英语语法复习

  过去分词（done）用法归纳及练习

一、过去分词的概念

动词的过去分词 (done) 是初中英语语法的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个考点。动词的过去分词属于非谓语动词的一种形式，在句子中不能单独做谓语，语法上有作为表达被动和完成的意义，词义和词性上又具有形容词和副词的特性，因此过去分词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等成分。

二、过去分词的用法

（一）、过去分词作定语： 过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词，即与名词是动宾关系。

（1）过去分词作定语有两种情况，如果过去分词单个的词，就放在被修饰的词的前面；若为分词短语则放在所修饰的词的后面。

The excited children are opening their Christmas presents.

兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。

Some of the people invited to the party can’t come.

有些被邀请参加晚会的人不能来。

（2）过去分词用作定语，总的来说，充当前置修饰语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义，如：

　　a broken cup 一只打破的杯子（被动）  → The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.

the risen sun 已升起的太阳（完成）    → The sun that has just risen.

（3）过去分词作后置定语时，相当于省略了（that/which + 从句）结构的定语从句。

a retired worker (= a worker who has retired ) 一个退休工人

注意：做定语用的过去分词通常指已完成的动作：如指未来的情况，则用不定式的被动形式。

（二）、过去分词作表语： 表示主语的感受或状态。

例：The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。 （表示状态）

注意：过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.

例：The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.    (是被动语态,表示动作)

注意：过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物.

例：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.

（三）、过去分词作主语补语或宾语补语：

（1）用作主语补语或宾语补语的过去分词大都来自及物动词。凡是已经形容词化了的-ed分词，大都可以既作名词修饰语即定语，也可作主语补语或宾语补语。例如：

　　The door remains locked（主补）

　　I found the door locked（宾补）

　　I found a locked door（定语）

（2）可引导复合宾语的动词常用的有：find /get / have / want / leave / make / see/ hear /notice/ watch / observe/ feel/ keep / order / wish等。这些词后面的宾语如果与后面的宾语补足语是被动关系，即用过去分词。例如：

　　I found my house broken into after I returned. 当我回来时，我发现房子被人破门而入了。

　　You should get the bike repaired as soon as possible. 你应该尽快地把自行车给修理一下。

　　I want to have my hair cut. 我想理发。

（3）"have＋宾语＋过去分词"结构的三种不同意义。

　　We had the problem solved.

　　我们解决了这个问题（"致使"，一种有意的行为）

　　She had her leg broken in an accident.

　　在一次事故中，她摔断了腿。（表示"遭受"，一种无意的行为）

　　I have not any money left.

　　我没剩下多少钱了。（"有"）

（四）、过去分词作状语： 表示完成或被动关系。

　　过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。如：

　　（1）United, we stand; divided, we fall.

　　如果团结起来，我们就能成功，如果分裂，我们就会失败。

　　（相当于If(When) we are united ,we stand; if (when) we are divided, we fall）

　　（2）Moved by the story, he decided to study harder.

　　由于被这个故事感动，他决定更加努力学习。

　　（相当于Because he was moved….）

（五）、“ with +宾语+过去分词 ”结构用法：

　　此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.

　　(1) The man came in, with his hands tied behind his back. 一个人进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)

　　(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)

　　(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)

　　(4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.

　　(5) They lay on the floor with the window closed. 他们躺在地板上，窗户紧闭。

过去分词专项练习：

(    )1. ________of plastics, the machines are easy to carry.
A. To make    B. Having made    C. Being made    D. Made

(    )2. ________the past, our life is becoming much better.
A. Comparing with     B. Be compared with

C. To compare with     D. Compared with

(    )3.Tom was very unhappy for ________to the party.
A. not been invited     B. not having invited
C. not invited          D. not being invited

(    )4. ________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

      A. Translating      B. Translated      C. To translate     D. Having translated

(    )5. ________ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the fun park.                                 

 A. Opened      B. Having opened       C. Opening     D. Being opened

(    )6. ________an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.

      A. Offer        B. Offering         C. Offered       D. To offer

(    )7. ________from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .   

      A. Seen    B. Seeing    C. Having seen     D. To see

(    )8. ________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.   

      A. Being bitten      B. Bitten      C. Having bitten       D. To be bitten  

(    )9. ________ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.  

      A. Reminding          B. Reminded    

C. To remind         D. Having reminded

(    )10. ________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the national stars. 

      A. Giving     B. Having given     C. To give       D. Given 

(    )11. ________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

      A. Being encouraged        B. Encouraging

      C. Encouraged                D. Having encouraged

(    )12.When ________ help, one often says “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.”

       A. offering      B. offered      C. offer      D. be offered

(    )13. ________ in the mountain for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

       A. Lost      B. Having lost      C. Had lost      D. Had been lost 

(    )14. ________ on time, the medicine will be quite effective (有效).

       A. Be taken     B. Is taken      C. Taken      D. To be taken

(    )15. ________ by the guard (门卫)，the boy showed his passport (通行证).

       A. Having stopped      B. He was stopped      C. Stopped     D. Stopping

(    )16. ________ of plastics (塑料), the machine is very light.

      A. Made      B. Is made       C. Be made      D. To be made

(    )17. ________ by the question, the speaker didn’t know what to say.

      A. Having shocked      B. Shocked      C. Shocking      D. Be shocked

(    )18. _______ by the story, we couldn’t hold back our tears.  

      A. Moved     B. Were moved      C. We were moved      D. Moving

(    )19. The teacher came into the classroom, _______ by his students. 

      A. followed     B. following      C. was followed      D. is followed

(    )20. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________ from the library.

       A. to borrow      B. to be borrowed     C. borrowed     D. borrowing

(    )21. It’s one of the funniest things ________ on the Internet so far this year.

       A. finding      B. being found      C. to find       D. found

(    )22. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. 

       A. Attracting       B. Attracted      C. To be attracted      D. To attract

(    )23. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

       A. introducing      B. introduced      C. introduce      D. being introduced

(    )24. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year.

       A. completed     B. completing     C. being completed    D. to be completed

(    )25. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

       A. invited      B. inviting      C. being invited      D. having invited

参考答案：

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