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2014-2021年高考英语真题分类训练 专题28 书面表达之概要写作（教师版含解析）
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这是一份2014-2021年高考英语真题分类训练 专题28 书面表达之概要写作（教师版含解析），共6页。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, authr f The A t Z Guide t Raising Happy and Cnfident Kids, says, “We’ve gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when parents tended t be mre strict.” By giving kids a lt f praise, parents think they’re building their children’s cnfidence, when, in fact, it may be just the ppsite. T much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid t try new things r take a risk fr fear f nt being able t stay n tp where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, dn’t g t far in the ther directin. Nt giving enugh praise can be just as damaging as giving t much. Kids will feel like they’re nt gd enugh r that yu dn’t care and, as a result, may see n pint in trying hard fr their accmplishments.
S what is the right amunt f praise? Experts say that the quality f praise is mre imprtant than the quantity. If praise is sincere and fcused n the effrt nt the utcme, yu can give it as ften as yur child des smething that deserves a verbal reward. “We shuld especially recgnize ur children’s effrts t push themselves and wrk hard t achieve a gal,” says Dnahue, authr f Parenting Withut Fear: Letting G f Wrry and Fcusing n What Really Matters. “One thing t remember is that it’s the prcess nt the end prduct that matters.”
Yur sn may nt be the best basketball player n his team. But if he’s ut there every day and playing hard, yu shuld praise his effrt regardless f whether his team wins r lses. Praising the effrt and nt the utcme can als mean recgnizing yur child when she has wrked hard t clean the yard, ck dinner, r finish a bk reprt. But whatever it is, praise shuld be given n a case-by-case basis and be prprtinate(相称的) t the amunt f effrt yur child has put int it.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Parents tend t g t extremes when it cmes t praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, bth t much and t little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents shuld be sincere and cncentrate n the prcess instead f the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ught t give praise fr hw much effrt their kids have invested in the wrk they’re invlved in. (要点四)
【解析】本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
【详解】
完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，
1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。
2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。
3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。
2.(2018年11月，浙江高考)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus(校园) like visiting and seeing fr yurself the drms, classrms and athletic equipment and, f curse, the students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if the schls yu are applying t happen t be mre than a car ride away. But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn’t be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, g check it ut!
If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend. It can save yu a lt f heartache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn’t like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn’t knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeekLive. It’s a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs (顾问), and it wn’t cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive.cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can’t take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu’d like t attend.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
It’s really wrthwhile t pay a visit t their desired clleges persnally befre applying. Undubtedly, students shuld visit their lcal clleges, which may be included in applicatins. At least, they shuld visit the schl and figure ut its real cnditins in advance. Fr students wh are shrt f mney and time, registering fr the nline cllege fair is a gd alternative t help them better understand schls.
【解析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。
【详解】
1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。
2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It's a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply点明了本文主题；But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne. There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend.在时间上提供了更多选择；if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。
3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。
4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。
5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。
【点睛】
范文观点明确，重点突出，语言简练，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句which may be included in applicatins.和wh are shrt f mney and time.动名词registering nline作主语，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
附：浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2020届第一次联考
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Althugh being famus might sund like a dream cme true, tday’s stars, feeling like z animals, face pressures that few f us can imagine. They are at the center f much f the wrld's attentin. Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp utside their hmes, cameras ready. Tablids(小报) publish thrilling stries abut their persnal lives. Just imagine nt being able t d anything withut being phtgraphed r interrupted fr a signature.
Accrding t the psychlgists, celebrities(名人)wrry cnstantly abut their public appearance. Eventually, they start t lse track f wh they really are, seeing themselves the way fans imagine them, nt as the peple they were befre everyne knew their names. Over time, they feel separated and alne.
The phenmenn f tracking celebrities has been arund fr ages. In the 4th century B C, painters fllwed Alexander the Great int battle, hping t picture his victries fr his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sld-ut readings attracted thusands f fans, leading him t cmplain abut his lack f privacy. Tablids f the 1920s and 1930s ran articles abut film-stars in much the same way that mdern tablids and websites d.
Being a public figure tday, hwever, is a lt mre difficult than it used t be. Superstars cannt mve abut withut wrrying abut phtgraphers with mdern cameras. When they say smething silly r d smething ridiculus, there is always the Internet t spread the news in minutes and keep their "stry" alive frever.
If fame is s trublesme, why aren't all celebrities running away frm it? The answer is there are still ways t deal with it. Sme stars stay calm by surrunding themselves with trusted friends and family r by escaping t remte places away frm big cities. They fcus nt n hw famus they are but n what they lve t d r whatever made them famus in the first place. With these effective appraches, sme celebrities relieve the stress and remain ppular with fans. Cnsequently, thugh being famus is driving sme stars crazy, sme wise nes enjy what reputatin brings them.
【写作指导】
本文为说明文。文章告诉我们，虽然成名听起来像是梦想成真，但今天的明星们，感觉自己就像动物园里的动物，面临着我们很少人能想象的压力，因为他们是世界关注的焦点。名人经常担心他们的公开露面，随着时间的推移，他们感到分离和孤独。追踪名人的现象由来已久，然而如今成为公众人物比过去困难得多。超级明星的一举一动都离不开现代相机摄影师的关注。如果名声是如此的麻烦，为什么不是所有的名人都在逃避它呢?答案是，仍然有办法解决这个问题。因此，虽然成名会让一些明星发疯，但一些明智的人却享受声誉带给他们的东西。
文章中的主题词(句)依次为：
第一段：face pressures /at the center f much f the wrld's attentin.
第二段：wrry cnstantly abut their public appearance /feel separated and alne
第三段：The phenmenn f tracking celebrities has been arund fr ages / the same way that mdern tablids and websites d
第四段：Being a public figure tday, hwever, is a lt mre difficult than it used t be.
第五段：there are still ways t deal with it /sme wise nes enjy what reputatin brings them
【参考范文】
Living in the public gaze, stars suffer frm great pressure.(要点 1)What’s wrse, anxiety ver their public appearance rbs them f the bjective self-image, which leads t the feeling f islatin in the lng term. (要点 2) Thugh being tracked has been a headache t celebrities fr centuries, mdern cameras and the Internet make it harder t be famus nwadays. (要点 3、4) Hwever, by dealing with the stress wisely, stars still can stay ppular and happy. (要点 5)(77 wrds)
【范文点评】
范文通过词汇与句法关系的转换等手段，将各段的主题词及要点巧妙第整合在一起，突出了文章的主题与目的。范文衔接词的使用得当，确保了文章意义的连贯。范文有如下亮点：
1.同义词替换。例如，要点1用“suffer frm great pressure”替换了原文中的“face pressure”。
2.各类从句让句子关系更加流畅。例如，要点2使用了定语从句，要点3、4使用了让步状语从句，这些从句让各个要点表述的中心更加突出。
3.衔接词确保了概要的意义连贯。范文使用了What’s wrse, Thugh,Hwever等衔接方式，让概要语篇结构紧凑，表述更加连贯。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, authr f The A t Z Guide t Raising Happy and Cnfident Kids, says, “We’ve gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when parents tended t be mre strict.” By giving kids a lt f praise, parents think they’re building their children’s cnfidence, when, in fact, it may be just the ppsite. T much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid t try new things r take a risk fr fear f nt being able t stay n tp where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, dn’t g t far in the ther directin. Nt giving enugh praise can be just as damaging as giving t much. Kids will feel like they’re nt gd enugh r that yu dn’t care and, as a result, may see n pint in trying hard fr their accmplishments.
S what is the right amunt f praise? Experts say that the quality f praise is mre imprtant than the quantity. If praise is sincere and fcused n the effrt nt the utcme, yu can give it as ften as yur child des smething that deserves a verbal reward. “We shuld especially recgnize ur children’s effrts t push themselves and wrk hard t achieve a gal,” says Dnahue, authr f Parenting Withut Fear: Letting G f Wrry and Fcusing n What Really Matters. “One thing t remember is that it’s the prcess nt the end prduct that matters.”
Yur sn may nt be the best basketball player n his team. But if he’s ut there every day and playing hard, yu shuld praise his effrt regardless f whether his team wins r lses. Praising the effrt and nt the utcme can als mean recgnizing yur child when she has wrked hard t clean the yard, ck dinner, r finish a bk reprt. But whatever it is, praise shuld be given n a case-by-case basis and be prprtinate(相称的) t the amunt f effrt yur child has put int it.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Parents tend t g t extremes when it cmes t praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, bth t much and t little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents shuld be sincere and cncentrate n the prcess instead f the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ught t give praise fr hw much effrt their kids have invested in the wrk they’re invlved in. (要点四)
【解析】本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
【详解】
完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，
1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。
2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。
3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。
2.(2018年11月，浙江高考)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus(校园) like visiting and seeing fr yurself the drms, classrms and athletic equipment and, f curse, the students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if the schls yu are applying t happen t be mre than a car ride away. But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn’t be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, g check it ut!
If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend. It can save yu a lt f heartache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn’t like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn’t knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeekLive. It’s a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs (顾问), and it wn’t cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive.cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can’t take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu’d like t attend.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
It’s really wrthwhile t pay a visit t their desired clleges persnally befre applying. Undubtedly, students shuld visit their lcal clleges, which may be included in applicatins. At least, they shuld visit the schl and figure ut its real cnditins in advance. Fr students wh are shrt f mney and time, registering fr the nline cllege fair is a gd alternative t help them better understand schls.
【解析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。
【详解】
1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。
2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It's a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply点明了本文主题；But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne. There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend.在时间上提供了更多选择；if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。
3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。
4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。
5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。
【点睛】
范文观点明确，重点突出，语言简练，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句which may be included in applicatins.和wh are shrt f mney and time.动名词registering nline作主语，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
附：浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2020届第一次联考
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Althugh being famus might sund like a dream cme true, tday’s stars, feeling like z animals, face pressures that few f us can imagine. They are at the center f much f the wrld's attentin. Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp utside their hmes, cameras ready. Tablids(小报) publish thrilling stries abut their persnal lives. Just imagine nt being able t d anything withut being phtgraphed r interrupted fr a signature.
Accrding t the psychlgists, celebrities(名人)wrry cnstantly abut their public appearance. Eventually, they start t lse track f wh they really are, seeing themselves the way fans imagine them, nt as the peple they were befre everyne knew their names. Over time, they feel separated and alne.
The phenmenn f tracking celebrities has been arund fr ages. In the 4th century B C, painters fllwed Alexander the Great int battle, hping t picture his victries fr his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sld-ut readings attracted thusands f fans, leading him t cmplain abut his lack f privacy. Tablids f the 1920s and 1930s ran articles abut film-stars in much the same way that mdern tablids and websites d.
Being a public figure tday, hwever, is a lt mre difficult than it used t be. Superstars cannt mve abut withut wrrying abut phtgraphers with mdern cameras. When they say smething silly r d smething ridiculus, there is always the Internet t spread the news in minutes and keep their "stry" alive frever.
If fame is s trublesme, why aren't all celebrities running away frm it? The answer is there are still ways t deal with it. Sme stars stay calm by surrunding themselves with trusted friends and family r by escaping t remte places away frm big cities. They fcus nt n hw famus they are but n what they lve t d r whatever made them famus in the first place. With these effective appraches, sme celebrities relieve the stress and remain ppular with fans. Cnsequently, thugh being famus is driving sme stars crazy, sme wise nes enjy what reputatin brings them.
【写作指导】
本文为说明文。文章告诉我们，虽然成名听起来像是梦想成真，但今天的明星们，感觉自己就像动物园里的动物，面临着我们很少人能想象的压力，因为他们是世界关注的焦点。名人经常担心他们的公开露面，随着时间的推移，他们感到分离和孤独。追踪名人的现象由来已久，然而如今成为公众人物比过去困难得多。超级明星的一举一动都离不开现代相机摄影师的关注。如果名声是如此的麻烦，为什么不是所有的名人都在逃避它呢?答案是，仍然有办法解决这个问题。因此，虽然成名会让一些明星发疯，但一些明智的人却享受声誉带给他们的东西。
文章中的主题词(句)依次为：
第一段：face pressures /at the center f much f the wrld's attentin.
第二段：wrry cnstantly abut their public appearance /feel separated and alne
第三段：The phenmenn f tracking celebrities has been arund fr ages / the same way that mdern tablids and websites d
第四段：Being a public figure tday, hwever, is a lt mre difficult than it used t be.
第五段：there are still ways t deal with it /sme wise nes enjy what reputatin brings them
【参考范文】
Living in the public gaze, stars suffer frm great pressure.(要点 1)What’s wrse, anxiety ver their public appearance rbs them f the bjective self-image, which leads t the feeling f islatin in the lng term. (要点 2) Thugh being tracked has been a headache t celebrities fr centuries, mdern cameras and the Internet make it harder t be famus nwadays. (要点 3、4) Hwever, by dealing with the stress wisely, stars still can stay ppular and happy. (要点 5)(77 wrds)
【范文点评】
范文通过词汇与句法关系的转换等手段，将各段的主题词及要点巧妙第整合在一起，突出了文章的主题与目的。范文衔接词的使用得当，确保了文章意义的连贯。范文有如下亮点：
1.同义词替换。例如，要点1用“suffer frm great pressure”替换了原文中的“face pressure”。
2.各类从句让句子关系更加流畅。例如，要点2使用了定语从句，要点3、4使用了让步状语从句，这些从句让各个要点表述的中心更加突出。
3.衔接词确保了概要的意义连贯。范文使用了What’s wrse, Thugh,Hwever等衔接方式，让概要语篇结构紧凑，表述更加连贯。
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