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人教版新目标中考语法讲解 动词的时态课件PPT
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这是一份人教版新目标中考语法讲解 动词的时态课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点攻略，语篇运用，易错集训，备考训练，第八节 动词的时态等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 语法专题
分析广东近几年的中考真题可知，动词的时态为每年的必考点，主要出现在语法选择和短文填空中。
初中阶段常考时态结构一览表
一般现在时1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时的谓语动词主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则将谓语动词变为第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数的构成方法：
2.一般现在时的用法(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。如：I practice playing ftball every day.我每天练习踢足球。(2)表示普遍真理或客观事实。如：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。(3)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：If it desn’t rain tmrrw，we will g fr a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们要去野餐。
(4)表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。常用于此情况的动词有：cme，g，run，leave，start，arrive等。如：The train leaves at 7:40 a．m. 火车将于早上7:40发车。
3．与一般现在时连用的标志词always，ften，usually，smetimes，twice a year，three times a week，n Fridays，n Mnday afternns，every mrning/day/week/mnth/year等。
1．Hurry up! The bus (start) in ten minutes.2．My mther is a teacher and she English at a village schl. 3．When it’s windy, Jack always a kite in the park.4．Our teacher tld us that the sun (give) the earth light.5．(2021湖北十堰改编)MidAutumn Festival usually (cme) n August 15th in the lunar calendar(阴历) every year.
一般过去时1．一般过去时的构成一般过去时的谓语动词用动词的过去式表示。要特别注意不规则动词的过去式。
过去式构成有规律，一般在词尾加ed；如果词尾有个e(不发音)，只需直接加上d。“辅音字母+y”在词尾，变y为i加ed；“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加ed。
2．一般过去时的基本用法(1)表示过去某个时间(段)发生的动作或存在的状态。如：I met him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇见他了。(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：Jay Chu，a ppular singer，used t play the pian when he was yung. 流行歌手周杰伦，在年幼的时候经常弹钢琴。
(3)在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句如果用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：Kate hasn’t phned hme since she went t Berlin. 自从凯特去了柏林以后，就没有往家里打过电话。(4)“used t+动词原形”或“wuld+动词原形”也可以表示过去经常发生的动作。如：I used t play ftball with my friends after schl. 我过去常常在放学后和朋友们踢足球。
3．与一般过去时连用的时间状语yesterday，last Sunday，in 2013，just nw，the ther day(前几天)，three days ag等。
6．(2017广东改编)Sue wasn’t happy because she (miss) the cncert given by her favrite singer.7．He (stp) and waited fr his children patiently.8．My family (g) t Yngzhu btanical garden(植物园) last weekend.9．(2021重庆B卷改编)Last Sunday my brther and I (visit) ur grandparents.
10．(2021江苏盐城改编)During Dr. Ma’s last visit, he ____________ (perate) n 150 patients n the ORBIS plane.11．It has been tw mnths since my father (leave) fr Italy.12．(2021青海改编)—Tm used t (exercise) every day. —Really? But why is he s weak nw?
一般将来时1．一般将来时的构成一般将来时的构成：助动词will/shall(常用于第一人称I/we)+动词原形；be ging t+动词原形。
2．一般将来时的用法(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Lucy will g t visit her uncle tmrrw.露西明天要去看望她的叔叔。(2)“be ging t+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生的事，如自然现象。如：What are yu ging t d this Sunday? 这周末你打算干什么？Lk at the cluds.It is ging t rain.看那些云，天要下雨了。
(3)表示位置移动的动词g, cme, leave, fly, start, meet, mve等，可以用现在进行时表示将要发生或安排好要做的事。如：We are leaving fr Lndn.我们将要动身去伦敦。(4)当主语是I/we时，问句中常用shall表示征求对方意见。如：What shall we d tmrrw？我们明天要做什么？(5)“be abut t d sth.”也可以表示将来，意为“即将、就要做某事”， 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。如：We are abut t g hme.我们就要回家了。
3．与一般将来时连用的时间状语tmrrw, sn, later, next week/mnth/year, in tw days/mnths/years, in the future, frm nw n等。
13．(2016广东改编)With the develpment f science and technlgy, rbt cks (will/shall) appear in ur families in the future.14．There is ging t a basketball game next Mnday. 15．(2021四川达州改编)—I wnder if Li Hua will (g) t the hspital t receive COVID19 vaccinatins(疫苗接种)．— I’m sure he if he (have) time.
现在进行时1．现在进行时的构成现在进行时的构成：主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词。动词的现在分词的构成方法：
2.现在进行时的用法(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在发生或进行的动作，常与nw，at the mment 等连用。如：—What is he ding? 他在做什么？—He is watching TV.他正在看电视。
(2)表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与these days，this week，all the time 等连用。如：He is writing a new nvel these days.这些天他正在写一本新小说。They are picking apples n a farm all the time.他们一直在农场摘苹果。
(3)当句中含有lk，listen之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时。如：Lk! The bys are playing basketball n the playgrund. 看！男孩子们正在操场上打篮球。
16．(2021湖南怀化)—May I use yur dictinary?—Srry, I am (use) it nw.17．(2021四川自贡)—What is Jane ding these days?—She is (read) a bk abut the histry f China． 18．(2021台湾改编)Listen! The baby is (cry) in the bedrm. Why dn’t yu g in and take a lk?
过去进行时1．过去进行时的构成过去进行时的构成：主语+be(was/were)+动词的现在分词。
2．过去进行时的用法(1)表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常与then，at that time，at this time yesterday，at ten ’clck yesterday等连用。如：—What were yu ding at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在做什么？—I was ding my hmewrk.我正在做作业。
(2)表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作(有时也可以有间歇)。如：She was singing frm 6：00 t 8：00 that evening.她那天晚上六点到八点在唱歌。(3)用在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以是先后发生；while则强调主句的动作在从句动作发生的过程中发生或主从句的两个动作同时发生。
①在由when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时。如：When the teacher came in，we were talking. 当老师进来的时候，我们正在说话。②如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两个分句都用过去进行时，从句多用while引导。如：They were singing while we were dancing. 他们在唱歌的时候，我们在跳舞。
when后可长亦可短，while之后只可长，若是两者都为长，while来把纽带当。(“长”指延续性动词，“短”指非延续性动词)
3．过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
19．(2018广东改编)—I saw the light f yur rm was still n at tw ’clck last night.—Oh, I watching a ftball match f the Russia Wrld Cup.20．Mike was (mve) the furniture int his new flat this time yesterday.21．(2021贵州安顺改编)While Linda was still sleeping, her mther was (make) breakfast in the kitchen.22．(2021河北改编)When I (see) Bb in the garden, he was watering flwers there.
现在完成时1．现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词；否定句：主语+have/has+nt+动词的过去分词；疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词。
2．现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如：—Have yu had yur lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？—Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 吃过了。我刚吃过。(现在不饿了)
(2)表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，并有可能持续下去，常与fr或since连用。肯定句中的谓语动词多为延续性动词。对时间状语提问时用hw lng。如：He has lived here since 1999. 自从1999年以来，他就住在这里。(还有可能继续住下去)—Hw lng have yu learned English? 你学英语多久了？—Fr five years./Since five years ag. 五年了。/自从五年前。
拓展： “It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时的句子”和“It has/It’s been+一段时间+since +一般过去时的句子”都可以表示“自从……以来，已经有多久了”。如：It is five years since I began t learn English. 自从我开始学英语已经有5年的时间了。It’s been three years since we last saw ur primary schl classmates. 自我们上次小学同学见面以来已经有三年的时间了。
(3)非延续性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用时，需要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。常见的转化如下：
如：(×)I have bught this cmputer fr tw years. (√)I have had this cmputer fr tw years.
Tip: 非延续性动词的完成时态在否定句中可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I haven’t seen her fr a lng time. 我已经很长时间没有见到她了。
3．与现在完成时连用的标志词already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句或疑问句), just, recently, lately, ever, never, befre, s far, these days, in/during the past/last few years, fr+一段时间， since+表示过去的时间点， since+一般过去时的从句等。
4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
23．(2019广东改编)My father has (wrk) in a panda prtectin center fr 10 years, s he knws a lt abut panda．24．(2018广东改编)It is said that the number f frest parks in Guangdng increased t mre than 1,000 s far.
25．(2017广东改编)Betty has wrked hard last term. That’s why her exam results are s gd!26．—The bk is ppular. Have yu read it ？—Yes, I have.27．(2021湖北黄石改编)Over the past few mnths, Chinese COVID19 vaccines(疫苗) have (arrive) in many ther cuntries.
28．(2021湖南湘西州改编)—Hw lng yu in Xiangxi? (be)—Since 16 years ag.29．(2021台湾改编)Paul misses his parents a lt. He hasn't seen them since he (cme) t wrk in Taiwan a year ag.
一、动词的时态在语法选择中的运用 分析广东近两年的中考语法选择可知，动词的时态考查了2次{一般将来时考查了1次：2021(37. will bring)；一般过去时考查了1次：2020( 36. answered)}。针对该考点，考生需要根据句式结构、上下文语境或时间状语等来判断动词的时态。
1．上下文判断法( )37.A．brught B．will bring C．is bringing D．was bringing解析：由下文“他们相信，很多游客将会来……”可以推测出，上文应该是“这个城市希望这座桥‘将’会把很多游客带到这个地区”。表示将来发生的动作，要用一般将来时。brught一般过去时；will bring一般将来时；is bringing现在进行时；was bringing过去进行时。故选B。
2．and连接并列结构( )36.A．answers B．answered C．will answer D．has answered
解析：上文的谓语“thught”是think的过去式，由此可以判断本句使用的是一般过去时，and连接并列谓语。answers一般现在时；answered一般过去时；will answer一般将来时；has answered现在完成时。故选B。
(改编自人教八下Unit 10 Sectin A 3a) My children are grwing up fast. As they get bigger, ur huse seems t get smaller. S we want t sell sme f ur things in a yard sale and 30 the mney t a children's hme.
We have already cleared ut a lt f things frm ur bedrms. My sn 31 quite sad at first. Althugh he has nt played with his ld tys fr a lng time, he still wanted t keep them. Fr example, he 32 a train and railway set since his furth birthday, and he played with it almst every week until he was abut seven. And he 33 t lse his ty mnkey, either. He slept next t the mnkey every night when he was a child.
( )30.A．give B．gave C．will give D．are giving( )31.A．is B．was C．are D．were( )32.A．wn B．wned C．will wn D．has wned( )33.A．desn't want B．hasn't wanted C．didn't want D．wn't want
二、动词的时态在短文填空中的运用 分析广东近五年的中考短文填空可知，动词的时态考查了7次{一般现在时考查了2次：2021(68.call), 2017(74.sits)；一般过去时考查了4次： 2021(69.wrked), 2020(72.set), 2018(73.were), 2018(78.cheered)；现在完成时考查了1次：2021(71.written)}。针对该考点，考生需要根据句式结构和上下文语境或固定搭配判断所填的词是动词，并结合句中的时间标志词或语境等确定所填动词的正确形式。
1．上下文判断法解析：由空前的“Jane”和空后的“her first lemnade stand(摊位)”可判断，空处需要一个动词。结合生活常识可知，摊位是“设立”的。set up意为“建立；设立”，是固定搭配。由“came”和“made”可以判断本句使用的是一般过去时，故空处应用set的过去式set。故填set。
2．句中有明显的时间状语，且空前有助动词解析：由空前的“he”和空后的“thirteen bks”可以判断，空处需要一个动词。由“Since then”可以判断该句要使用现在完成时(have/has+动词的过去分词)，再结合has可知，空处需要填动词的过去分词形式。由上文中的“write”可知，空处是write的“复现”。 所以空处应用write的过去分词形式written。故填written。
3．主句是一般过去时，从句通常也用过去的某个时态解析：由空前的“their father”和空后的“them”可以判断，空处需要一个动词。由上文“他们每次想放弃的时候”可以推测，他们的父亲应该很有耐心地“鼓励”他们。cheer up意为“使兴奋，使振作起来”，是固定搭配。在这个短语中，如果宾语是人称代词，要放在中间，且用宾格形式。由从句中的“were”可以判断从句使用的是一般过去时，所以主句也应该使用一般过去时，所以空处应用cheer的过去式cheered。故填cheered。
(改编自人教八下Unit 9 Sectin A 3a) Last year I 34. t the Hangzhu Natinal Tea Museum. It 35. a relaxing and peaceful place near a lake. The tea art perfrmances shw hw t 36. a perfect cup f tea with beautiful tea sets. Watching the tea preparatin is just as enjyable as drinking the tea itself. I've finally realized why my grandpa lves 37. tea and cllecting tea sets.
一、have been t, have gne t和have been in。
Tip: 当这三种结构后跟地点副词，如here, there, hme等时，介词t/in要省略。
1．—My aunt isn't at hme. She Singapre fr a hliday. —It's a beautiful cuntry. I there twice.2．(2021江苏南通改编)—Miss Zhang seems quite familiar with Yunnan Prvince. —Dn't yu knw? She a twn schl there as a vlunteer teacher fr ver 2 years.
has been in
二、辨析一般过去时与现在完成时。3．—Mr. and Mrs. White knw abut China quite well. —S they are. D yu knw they (wrk) in a middle schl in China fr years when they were yung?4．Smetimes it is natural that yu can't get the main idea f a text even thugh yu (read) it twice.5．—Have yu been t Beijing befre, Mary? —Yes, I there fr three days with my parents last mnth.
三、延续性动词与非延续性动词的使用。6．My rbt has (had/caught) a virus fr a week. What a terrible thing! 7．(2021湖北襄阳改编)—Why are yu in such a hurry?—Because the class has (begun/been n) fr 10 minutes.8．—I am wndering why Jenny failed t shw up at the party yesterday.—Oh, she has (been ill/fallen ill) fr several days and she is nw in hspital.
9．Mr. White, tgether with his tw sns, has __________________(left/been away frm) England since three mnths ag. He misses his wife at hme very much.10．—I'll lend yu the bk after Tm gives it back.—He has (kept/brrwed) it since last weekend.
been away frm
1．(2021四川达州改编)—Alice has gne ut.—Oh, has she? What time she ut? (g)2．(2021台湾改编)My sister is (cme) t my hme tday. She will stay with me fr a week.3．(2021云南改编)The dcumentary Aerial China(《航拍中国》) is wnderful. S far, I (watch) it three times.
have watched
4．My sister (tell) me the answer as sn as she wrks ut the difficult math prblem.5．—What happened t Mrs. Smart?—She cut herself while she (prepare) lunch.
was preparing
一、语法选择 Jack Brwn, an ffice wrker, lives in Washingtn D.C. He inherited(继承) a millin dllars when he was 23 years ld, but he wasn’t happy at all. When his cllege friends 1 fr their jbs, he didn’t have t. Jack decided 2 a simple life like everyne else. He 3 10,000 f his mney t a charity t help pr children live a better life.
Tday he is 36 years ld. He still wears cheap shes and clthes and drives a small car nly, but he is very happy. Up t nw Jack 4 sme children frm pr cuntries all ver the wrld by sending them each $200 a mnth. Themney is used fr the children's study, fd, medicine and clthing. Jack 5 a reprt each year n the children's prgress. They can 6 t each ther, but usually the children dn't speak English.
When Jack first 7 abut these children, he wanted t help them. “It was nthing special，” he said. “Until I went t these cuntries and met the children I was helping, I didn't knw anything abut 8 life.” Once Jack went t meet 9 little girl in AfricA． He said that the meeting was very 10 . “When I met her, I felt very, very happy，” he said. “And I saw that the mney was used fr a gd cause. It brught me happiness. I want t d everything I can t help thse children.”
( )1.A．lk B．will lk C．were lking D．is lking( )2.A．lives B．lived C．living D．t live( )3.A．gives B．gave C．will give D．has given
( )4.A．helps B．will help C．helped D．has helped( )5.A．receives B．received C．receiving D．will receive( )6. A．write B．wrte C．be writing D．have written
( )7.A．hears B．heard C．was hearing D．will hear( )8.A．they B．them C．their D．theirs( )9.A．/ B．a C．an D．the( )10.A．excite B．excited C．exciting D．excitedly
二、短文填空(2021珠海香洲区文园中学三模改编) A new bakery(蛋糕店) pened in Guangzhu. It is quite different frm ther bakeries because the place is silent except fr 1. caused by walking and paying mney. At the gate f Silent Cake are signs 2. explain, “Mst emplyees(雇员) can’t hear r speak, s it may 3. yu lnger t rder and pay. Please be patient.”
that/which
Thugh withut a wrd, the peple wrking in the bakery greet every custmer 4. a big smile and welcme gestures(手势)． Custmers can 5. dwn their rders n ntebks. They can als use sign language(手语) written n the bards t cmmunicate with the emplyees.
“We haven’t heard peple cmplain since we 6. in March，” said Zeng Nan, ne f the bsses f the bakery. Custmers are friendly and always wait patiently and sme even help clean tables.” Silent Cake is very famus nw. The bakery has 7. a ppular place in the neighbrhd since its pening. The 40 tables are ften 8. at nn with a lng line waiting.
第一部分 语法专题
分析广东近几年的中考真题可知，动词的时态为每年的必考点，主要出现在语法选择和短文填空中。
初中阶段常考时态结构一览表
一般现在时1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时的谓语动词主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则将谓语动词变为第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数的构成方法：
2.一般现在时的用法(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。如：I practice playing ftball every day.我每天练习踢足球。(2)表示普遍真理或客观事实。如：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。(3)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：If it desn’t rain tmrrw，we will g fr a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们要去野餐。
(4)表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。常用于此情况的动词有：cme，g，run，leave，start，arrive等。如：The train leaves at 7:40 a．m. 火车将于早上7:40发车。
3．与一般现在时连用的标志词always，ften，usually，smetimes，twice a year，three times a week，n Fridays，n Mnday afternns，every mrning/day/week/mnth/year等。
1．Hurry up! The bus (start) in ten minutes.2．My mther is a teacher and she English at a village schl. 3．When it’s windy, Jack always a kite in the park.4．Our teacher tld us that the sun (give) the earth light.5．(2021湖北十堰改编)MidAutumn Festival usually (cme) n August 15th in the lunar calendar(阴历) every year.
一般过去时1．一般过去时的构成一般过去时的谓语动词用动词的过去式表示。要特别注意不规则动词的过去式。
过去式构成有规律，一般在词尾加ed；如果词尾有个e(不发音)，只需直接加上d。“辅音字母+y”在词尾，变y为i加ed；“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加ed。
2．一般过去时的基本用法(1)表示过去某个时间(段)发生的动作或存在的状态。如：I met him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇见他了。(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：Jay Chu，a ppular singer，used t play the pian when he was yung. 流行歌手周杰伦，在年幼的时候经常弹钢琴。
(3)在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句如果用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：Kate hasn’t phned hme since she went t Berlin. 自从凯特去了柏林以后，就没有往家里打过电话。(4)“used t+动词原形”或“wuld+动词原形”也可以表示过去经常发生的动作。如：I used t play ftball with my friends after schl. 我过去常常在放学后和朋友们踢足球。
3．与一般过去时连用的时间状语yesterday，last Sunday，in 2013，just nw，the ther day(前几天)，three days ag等。
6．(2017广东改编)Sue wasn’t happy because she (miss) the cncert given by her favrite singer.7．He (stp) and waited fr his children patiently.8．My family (g) t Yngzhu btanical garden(植物园) last weekend.9．(2021重庆B卷改编)Last Sunday my brther and I (visit) ur grandparents.
10．(2021江苏盐城改编)During Dr. Ma’s last visit, he ____________ (perate) n 150 patients n the ORBIS plane.11．It has been tw mnths since my father (leave) fr Italy.12．(2021青海改编)—Tm used t (exercise) every day. —Really? But why is he s weak nw?
一般将来时1．一般将来时的构成一般将来时的构成：助动词will/shall(常用于第一人称I/we)+动词原形；be ging t+动词原形。
2．一般将来时的用法(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Lucy will g t visit her uncle tmrrw.露西明天要去看望她的叔叔。(2)“be ging t+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生的事，如自然现象。如：What are yu ging t d this Sunday? 这周末你打算干什么？Lk at the cluds.It is ging t rain.看那些云，天要下雨了。
(3)表示位置移动的动词g, cme, leave, fly, start, meet, mve等，可以用现在进行时表示将要发生或安排好要做的事。如：We are leaving fr Lndn.我们将要动身去伦敦。(4)当主语是I/we时，问句中常用shall表示征求对方意见。如：What shall we d tmrrw？我们明天要做什么？(5)“be abut t d sth.”也可以表示将来，意为“即将、就要做某事”， 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。如：We are abut t g hme.我们就要回家了。
3．与一般将来时连用的时间状语tmrrw, sn, later, next week/mnth/year, in tw days/mnths/years, in the future, frm nw n等。
13．(2016广东改编)With the develpment f science and technlgy, rbt cks (will/shall) appear in ur families in the future.14．There is ging t a basketball game next Mnday. 15．(2021四川达州改编)—I wnder if Li Hua will (g) t the hspital t receive COVID19 vaccinatins(疫苗接种)．— I’m sure he if he (have) time.
现在进行时1．现在进行时的构成现在进行时的构成：主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词。动词的现在分词的构成方法：
2.现在进行时的用法(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在发生或进行的动作，常与nw，at the mment 等连用。如：—What is he ding? 他在做什么？—He is watching TV.他正在看电视。
(2)表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与these days，this week，all the time 等连用。如：He is writing a new nvel these days.这些天他正在写一本新小说。They are picking apples n a farm all the time.他们一直在农场摘苹果。
(3)当句中含有lk，listen之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时。如：Lk! The bys are playing basketball n the playgrund. 看！男孩子们正在操场上打篮球。
16．(2021湖南怀化)—May I use yur dictinary?—Srry, I am (use) it nw.17．(2021四川自贡)—What is Jane ding these days?—She is (read) a bk abut the histry f China． 18．(2021台湾改编)Listen! The baby is (cry) in the bedrm. Why dn’t yu g in and take a lk?
过去进行时1．过去进行时的构成过去进行时的构成：主语+be(was/were)+动词的现在分词。
2．过去进行时的用法(1)表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常与then，at that time，at this time yesterday，at ten ’clck yesterday等连用。如：—What were yu ding at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在做什么？—I was ding my hmewrk.我正在做作业。
(2)表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作(有时也可以有间歇)。如：She was singing frm 6：00 t 8：00 that evening.她那天晚上六点到八点在唱歌。(3)用在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以是先后发生；while则强调主句的动作在从句动作发生的过程中发生或主从句的两个动作同时发生。
①在由when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时。如：When the teacher came in，we were talking. 当老师进来的时候，我们正在说话。②如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两个分句都用过去进行时，从句多用while引导。如：They were singing while we were dancing. 他们在唱歌的时候，我们在跳舞。
when后可长亦可短，while之后只可长，若是两者都为长，while来把纽带当。(“长”指延续性动词，“短”指非延续性动词)
3．过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
19．(2018广东改编)—I saw the light f yur rm was still n at tw ’clck last night.—Oh, I watching a ftball match f the Russia Wrld Cup.20．Mike was (mve) the furniture int his new flat this time yesterday.21．(2021贵州安顺改编)While Linda was still sleeping, her mther was (make) breakfast in the kitchen.22．(2021河北改编)When I (see) Bb in the garden, he was watering flwers there.
现在完成时1．现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词；否定句：主语+have/has+nt+动词的过去分词；疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词。
2．现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如：—Have yu had yur lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？—Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 吃过了。我刚吃过。(现在不饿了)
(2)表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，并有可能持续下去，常与fr或since连用。肯定句中的谓语动词多为延续性动词。对时间状语提问时用hw lng。如：He has lived here since 1999. 自从1999年以来，他就住在这里。(还有可能继续住下去)—Hw lng have yu learned English? 你学英语多久了？—Fr five years./Since five years ag. 五年了。/自从五年前。
拓展： “It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时的句子”和“It has/It’s been+一段时间+since +一般过去时的句子”都可以表示“自从……以来，已经有多久了”。如：It is five years since I began t learn English. 自从我开始学英语已经有5年的时间了。It’s been three years since we last saw ur primary schl classmates. 自我们上次小学同学见面以来已经有三年的时间了。
(3)非延续性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用时，需要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。常见的转化如下：
如：(×)I have bught this cmputer fr tw years. (√)I have had this cmputer fr tw years.
Tip: 非延续性动词的完成时态在否定句中可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I haven’t seen her fr a lng time. 我已经很长时间没有见到她了。
3．与现在完成时连用的标志词already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句或疑问句), just, recently, lately, ever, never, befre, s far, these days, in/during the past/last few years, fr+一段时间， since+表示过去的时间点， since+一般过去时的从句等。
4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
23．(2019广东改编)My father has (wrk) in a panda prtectin center fr 10 years, s he knws a lt abut panda．24．(2018广东改编)It is said that the number f frest parks in Guangdng increased t mre than 1,000 s far.
25．(2017广东改编)Betty has wrked hard last term. That’s why her exam results are s gd!26．—The bk is ppular. Have yu read it ？—Yes, I have.27．(2021湖北黄石改编)Over the past few mnths, Chinese COVID19 vaccines(疫苗) have (arrive) in many ther cuntries.
28．(2021湖南湘西州改编)—Hw lng yu in Xiangxi? (be)—Since 16 years ag.29．(2021台湾改编)Paul misses his parents a lt. He hasn't seen them since he (cme) t wrk in Taiwan a year ag.
一、动词的时态在语法选择中的运用 分析广东近两年的中考语法选择可知，动词的时态考查了2次{一般将来时考查了1次：2021(37. will bring)；一般过去时考查了1次：2020( 36. answered)}。针对该考点，考生需要根据句式结构、上下文语境或时间状语等来判断动词的时态。
1．上下文判断法( )37.A．brught B．will bring C．is bringing D．was bringing解析：由下文“他们相信，很多游客将会来……”可以推测出，上文应该是“这个城市希望这座桥‘将’会把很多游客带到这个地区”。表示将来发生的动作，要用一般将来时。brught一般过去时；will bring一般将来时；is bringing现在进行时；was bringing过去进行时。故选B。
2．and连接并列结构( )36.A．answers B．answered C．will answer D．has answered
解析：上文的谓语“thught”是think的过去式，由此可以判断本句使用的是一般过去时，and连接并列谓语。answers一般现在时；answered一般过去时；will answer一般将来时；has answered现在完成时。故选B。
(改编自人教八下Unit 10 Sectin A 3a) My children are grwing up fast. As they get bigger, ur huse seems t get smaller. S we want t sell sme f ur things in a yard sale and 30 the mney t a children's hme.
We have already cleared ut a lt f things frm ur bedrms. My sn 31 quite sad at first. Althugh he has nt played with his ld tys fr a lng time, he still wanted t keep them. Fr example, he 32 a train and railway set since his furth birthday, and he played with it almst every week until he was abut seven. And he 33 t lse his ty mnkey, either. He slept next t the mnkey every night when he was a child.
( )30.A．give B．gave C．will give D．are giving( )31.A．is B．was C．are D．were( )32.A．wn B．wned C．will wn D．has wned( )33.A．desn't want B．hasn't wanted C．didn't want D．wn't want
二、动词的时态在短文填空中的运用 分析广东近五年的中考短文填空可知，动词的时态考查了7次{一般现在时考查了2次：2021(68.call), 2017(74.sits)；一般过去时考查了4次： 2021(69.wrked), 2020(72.set), 2018(73.were), 2018(78.cheered)；现在完成时考查了1次：2021(71.written)}。针对该考点，考生需要根据句式结构和上下文语境或固定搭配判断所填的词是动词，并结合句中的时间标志词或语境等确定所填动词的正确形式。
1．上下文判断法解析：由空前的“Jane”和空后的“her first lemnade stand(摊位)”可判断，空处需要一个动词。结合生活常识可知，摊位是“设立”的。set up意为“建立；设立”，是固定搭配。由“came”和“made”可以判断本句使用的是一般过去时，故空处应用set的过去式set。故填set。
2．句中有明显的时间状语，且空前有助动词解析：由空前的“he”和空后的“thirteen bks”可以判断，空处需要一个动词。由“Since then”可以判断该句要使用现在完成时(have/has+动词的过去分词)，再结合has可知，空处需要填动词的过去分词形式。由上文中的“write”可知，空处是write的“复现”。 所以空处应用write的过去分词形式written。故填written。
3．主句是一般过去时，从句通常也用过去的某个时态解析：由空前的“their father”和空后的“them”可以判断，空处需要一个动词。由上文“他们每次想放弃的时候”可以推测，他们的父亲应该很有耐心地“鼓励”他们。cheer up意为“使兴奋，使振作起来”，是固定搭配。在这个短语中，如果宾语是人称代词，要放在中间，且用宾格形式。由从句中的“were”可以判断从句使用的是一般过去时，所以主句也应该使用一般过去时，所以空处应用cheer的过去式cheered。故填cheered。
(改编自人教八下Unit 9 Sectin A 3a) Last year I 34. t the Hangzhu Natinal Tea Museum. It 35. a relaxing and peaceful place near a lake. The tea art perfrmances shw hw t 36. a perfect cup f tea with beautiful tea sets. Watching the tea preparatin is just as enjyable as drinking the tea itself. I've finally realized why my grandpa lves 37. tea and cllecting tea sets.
一、have been t, have gne t和have been in。
Tip: 当这三种结构后跟地点副词，如here, there, hme等时，介词t/in要省略。
1．—My aunt isn't at hme. She Singapre fr a hliday. —It's a beautiful cuntry. I there twice.2．(2021江苏南通改编)—Miss Zhang seems quite familiar with Yunnan Prvince. —Dn't yu knw? She a twn schl there as a vlunteer teacher fr ver 2 years.
has been in
二、辨析一般过去时与现在完成时。3．—Mr. and Mrs. White knw abut China quite well. —S they are. D yu knw they (wrk) in a middle schl in China fr years when they were yung?4．Smetimes it is natural that yu can't get the main idea f a text even thugh yu (read) it twice.5．—Have yu been t Beijing befre, Mary? —Yes, I there fr three days with my parents last mnth.
三、延续性动词与非延续性动词的使用。6．My rbt has (had/caught) a virus fr a week. What a terrible thing! 7．(2021湖北襄阳改编)—Why are yu in such a hurry?—Because the class has (begun/been n) fr 10 minutes.8．—I am wndering why Jenny failed t shw up at the party yesterday.—Oh, she has (been ill/fallen ill) fr several days and she is nw in hspital.
9．Mr. White, tgether with his tw sns, has __________________(left/been away frm) England since three mnths ag. He misses his wife at hme very much.10．—I'll lend yu the bk after Tm gives it back.—He has (kept/brrwed) it since last weekend.
been away frm
1．(2021四川达州改编)—Alice has gne ut.—Oh, has she? What time she ut? (g)2．(2021台湾改编)My sister is (cme) t my hme tday. She will stay with me fr a week.3．(2021云南改编)The dcumentary Aerial China(《航拍中国》) is wnderful. S far, I (watch) it three times.
have watched
4．My sister (tell) me the answer as sn as she wrks ut the difficult math prblem.5．—What happened t Mrs. Smart?—She cut herself while she (prepare) lunch.
was preparing
一、语法选择 Jack Brwn, an ffice wrker, lives in Washingtn D.C. He inherited(继承) a millin dllars when he was 23 years ld, but he wasn’t happy at all. When his cllege friends 1 fr their jbs, he didn’t have t. Jack decided 2 a simple life like everyne else. He 3 10,000 f his mney t a charity t help pr children live a better life.
Tday he is 36 years ld. He still wears cheap shes and clthes and drives a small car nly, but he is very happy. Up t nw Jack 4 sme children frm pr cuntries all ver the wrld by sending them each $200 a mnth. Themney is used fr the children's study, fd, medicine and clthing. Jack 5 a reprt each year n the children's prgress. They can 6 t each ther, but usually the children dn't speak English.
When Jack first 7 abut these children, he wanted t help them. “It was nthing special，” he said. “Until I went t these cuntries and met the children I was helping, I didn't knw anything abut 8 life.” Once Jack went t meet 9 little girl in AfricA． He said that the meeting was very 10 . “When I met her, I felt very, very happy，” he said. “And I saw that the mney was used fr a gd cause. It brught me happiness. I want t d everything I can t help thse children.”
( )1.A．lk B．will lk C．were lking D．is lking( )2.A．lives B．lived C．living D．t live( )3.A．gives B．gave C．will give D．has given
( )4.A．helps B．will help C．helped D．has helped( )5.A．receives B．received C．receiving D．will receive( )6. A．write B．wrte C．be writing D．have written
( )7.A．hears B．heard C．was hearing D．will hear( )8.A．they B．them C．their D．theirs( )9.A．/ B．a C．an D．the( )10.A．excite B．excited C．exciting D．excitedly
二、短文填空(2021珠海香洲区文园中学三模改编) A new bakery(蛋糕店) pened in Guangzhu. It is quite different frm ther bakeries because the place is silent except fr 1. caused by walking and paying mney. At the gate f Silent Cake are signs 2. explain, “Mst emplyees(雇员) can’t hear r speak, s it may 3. yu lnger t rder and pay. Please be patient.”
that/which
Thugh withut a wrd, the peple wrking in the bakery greet every custmer 4. a big smile and welcme gestures(手势)． Custmers can 5. dwn their rders n ntebks. They can als use sign language(手语) written n the bards t cmmunicate with the emplyees.
“We haven’t heard peple cmplain since we 6. in March，” said Zeng Nan, ne f the bsses f the bakery. Custmers are friendly and always wait patiently and sme even help clean tables.” Silent Cake is very famus nw. The bakery has 7. a ppular place in the neighbrhd since its pening. The 40 tables are ften 8. at nn with a lng line waiting.
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