2022北京门头沟区高三一模英语试题含答案

门头沟区2022年高三年级综合练习（一）

英语试卷

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A few weeks ago, I received a package containing seeds from my friend. When I asked her what they would ___1___ into, a smile crossed her face. “Just plant them and be patient. You’ll see for yourself ___2___!” she said.

I sowed the seeds in a flowerpot. In the first few days, I was very excited to search for the slightest signs, but ___3___ happened. With heavy loads of homework, I began to feel sad and ___4___. How much I longed for the color in my fast-paced life.

I watered the plants in dry periods. On the eighth day, to my great ___5___, a few light green sprouts (新芽) appeared. Bending down and studying the plants, I could almost hear them growing. More days passed, and the flowerpot soon became ___6___ with coriander (香菜) plants. Now they are taller than the edge of the pot, constantly shaking their leaves in the gentle wind, as if they were merrily singing a song of ___7___.

I am certain that after a few more days, my plants will be ready for___8___. These plants have played an important part in ___9___ up my everyday life. They may not be a main dish on our table, but using some will surely make our dishes delicious.

Let us all slow our pace down and be patient. So long as we take steps to set our hearts free, time and patience will ____10____ us with the pure pleasure of being alive in this lovely world.

1. A. grow B. run C. look D. break

2. A. immediately B. finally C. quickly D. regularly

3. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing

4. A. shocked B. disappointed C. embarrassed D. scared

5. A. surprise B. pity C. shame D. anxiety

6. A. packed B. lined C. crowded D. piled

7. A. courage B. freedom C. interest D. relief

8. A. harvest B. loss C. sights D. rest

9. A. picking B. ending C. brightening D. taking

10. A. impress B. assist C. surround D. reward

【1~10题答案】

【答案】1. A    2. B    3. D    4. B    5. A    6. C    7. B    8. A    9. C    10. D

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A hunting dog, who had been an excellent one in his time and done good service to his master, finally became worn out because of his old age. One day, when ____11____ (hunt) a wild pig, he seized the creature by the ear, but his teeth gave way. He ____12____ (force) to let go his hold, and the pig escaped. His master ____13____ (severe) scolded him. But the weak dog replied: “Spare your old servant! Remember what I was rather than abuse me for what I am.”

【11~13题答案】

【答案】11. hunting   

12. was forced   

13. severely

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A group doctors, ____14____ had been specially trained in skiing skills in China over the last four years, provided medical treatment during the Winter Olympics. In the field, if there was an accident, the ski doctors had to be on the scene in four minutes ____15____ a 10-kilo medical bag and had to deal with the injuries and remove the ____16____ (injure) athlete from the track in just 15 minutes.

【14~16题答案】

【答案】14. who   

15. with    16. injured

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who has bought or moved into the house is the one who ____17____ (throw) the party. The party is a chance for close friends and family members ____18____ (congratulate) the person on the new home. It also gives people a chance to see ____19____ the new home looks like. And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and ____20____ (present) hopefully.

【17~20题答案】

【答案】17. throws   

18. to congratulate   

19. what    20. presents

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Tips on How to Use Body Language in Interviews

When was the last time you went to an interview? How did it go? There are lots of things to remember and prepare. However, one important thing to think about is your body language as it can really help you get the job. With a good understanding of body language in interviews, you can communicate the right messages, and even understand what the interviewer is saying or thinking. Here are some really useful things you need to know about body language in interviews.

Greetings

When greeting the interviewer, smile, look him in the eye and introduce yourself in a strong and confident voice. Also, remember that in most English-speaking countries (the UK, the USA, Australia, Canada, etc.), a firm handshake is seen as a sign of trust; and a limp handshake could make you appear weak or disinterested. Experts recommend waiting for the interviewer to extend his hand first.

Palms (手掌)

When possible, keep your palms facing up to show that you’re open, trustworthy and interested. Research has shown that if we can’t see the other person’s open palms, we subconsciously become suspicious of them.

Mirroring

Mirroring involves copying what someone does with their body. For example, if the interviewer places a hand on their leg, you should do the same, but not too obviously. Experts have shown that mirroring someone can make him like you, or even think that you’re more honest and trustworthy. However, be careful—if the other person knows about this technique, he might notice you doing it.

Sitting position

When sitting, if you lean back, you could appear lazy or arrogant; and if you lean forward too much, you might appear aggressive. The ideal posture is to sit with your back straight and your shoulders back a bit, leaning in very slightly. Sit with your legs slightly apart to give the impression of self-confidence and try to angle your knees and feet so they’re pointing towards the interviewer.

21. A good understanding of body language can help you ______.

A. succeed in getting the job

B. express the correct messages

C. know more about the interviewer

D. perform better than other interviewees

22. When being interviewed, you should ______.

A. extend your hand first

B. sit with your legs apart

C. keep your palms facing down

D. copy what the interviewer does

23. Which column of a magazine is the article probably from?

A. Adventure. B. Entertainment. C. Life. D. Profile.

【21~23题答案】

【答案】21. B    22. D    23. C

B

Elvis Presley was one of the greatest musicians in rock and roll history who changed the way people enjoyed music. Born on January 8, 1935, Presley was raised by loving working-class parents. He received his first guitar as a gift on his 11th birthday and had his first taste of musical success a few years later when he won a talent show at his high school. After graduating in 1953, hе did a number of jobs while pursuing his musical dream.

In 1955, Presley began to develop a following for his unusual musical style and good looks. That same year, he signed with RCA. After that, Presley was on a roll, scoring with his first No.1 single as well as his first No.1 album, and signing a movie contract—all in 1956. From very humble (卑微的) beginnings, he grew into one of the biggest names in rock and roll.

Presley was hugely popular, releasing album after album of perfectly written and performed songs and creating a huge body of work that was the envy of anyone during the rock era. He was also a big influence in the Civil Rights Movement at the moment when black music was becoming popular. His home, Graceland, also became a landmark. After his death, countless fans from around the world visit the famous residence every year.

Figures like Presley helped create the image of the “rock star” as a cultural icon in America. In the mid-20th century, singers and musicians became superstars due to the wider distribution of music and the post-war economic growth, which led to much more free time and income for American families. The rebellious (叛逆的) rock stars inspired them to create their own, more liberated identity outside the cultural norms (准则) in the 1950s. Colorful figures like Presley influenced an entire generation of Americans.

24. What do we know about Presley as a young boy?

A. He had a gift for music. B. His family was rich.

C. He received a guitar in 1953. D. His family didn’t support his dream.

25. What does the underlined phrase “on a roll” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Busy with work. B. Successful in career.

C. Attractive to fans. D. Included in a ranking list.

26. What did figures like Presley bring in the 1950s?

A. A loss of identity. B. The growth of economy.

C. A challenge to standards. D. A change in social status.

27. What is the best title for the text?

A. Rock and Roll and Its Origin.

B. Elvis Presley and His Influence.

C. The Influential Figures in Rock and Roll.

D. The Ups and Downs of Elvis Presley’s Life.

【24~27题答案】

【答案】24. A    25. B    26. C    27. B

C

Farmed fish should have the same legal protection as other farmed animals, according to an animal welfare group. The Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation, which has Carrie Johnson as a supporter, says fish deserve to be treated with the same care as cows, pigs, sheep and other livestock because they experience stress and pain.

The foundation is focusing on improving fish welfare during slaughter (屠宰) because that is where the biggest differences in protection lie.

Slaughterhouses for land animals are required to have a vet on site and must have closed-circuit television in all areas where animals are handled, stunned and killed, with footage stored for independent inspection. Such legal requirements do not apply to fish slaughter facilities, which are not subject to routine welfare inspections by public bodies.

The UK industry, which rears up to 80 million fish a year, has instead adopted voluntary codes of practice. A report by the foundation cites evidence of abuses of fish revealed last year by The Times. A stunning machine at the firm’s plant at Arnish on the Isle of Lewis failed to make them unconscious and workers used their fingers to tear the gills (鳃) and struggled to keep up with the volume of fish wriggling on the unit. Fish were thrown and kicked as they struggled on the ground in 2020 at Test Valley Trout Farming in Hampshire, which supplied the Ritz and Harrods. Fish considered unprofitable were dropped on the floor and left to die. The company said the treatment of the fish was unacceptable and it operated under “the best industry standards available”.

The foundation’s report refers to the findings of the government’s Farm Animal Welfare committee, which said in a 2014 opinion on fish welfare that “at least some species, including trout, have a sensory experience of pain” as well as “a degree of sense”.

Studies have shown that fish feel pain and change their behaviour to avoid it. In one study, goldfish were given an electric shock in an area of a tank where they received food. They avoided that area for three days before hunger overcame their fear.

The foundation report states that the UK government is failing aquatic animals dismally and calls for unannounced welfare inspections of fish slaughterhouses and says they should be required to install closed-circuit television, with footage reviewed by public bodies.

28. What can we provide for the farmed fish?

A. Comfortable place. B. Less pain.

C. Enough food. D. Gentle love.

29. As for the situation of the farmed fish, the foundation is ______.

A. concerned B. puzzled

C. surprised D. scared

30. What’s the purpose of this article?

A. To encourage people to treat fish kindly.

B. To reveal the evidence of abuses of fish.

C. To appeal for the improvement of fish welfare.

D. To explain how fish experience pain during slaughter.

【28~30题答案】

【答案】28. B    29. A    30. C

D

“After 30 years of reading cardiograms (心电图), I can never tell whether it’s from a man or woman, or the age of the person,” said Eric Topol, a cardiologist from Scripps Research in La Jolla, California. “A machine can detect if a person has anaemia (贫血) or other difficult diagnoses (诊断).”

Topol is excited not only about how machines are already better than experts at spotting problems, but how they can discover patterns that experts wouldn’t even notice. “In Japan, doctors are using machine vision to pick up polyps (息肉) in real time, and detecting whether or not they could be cancerous and whether they should have a biopsy,” he said. “Machines will not replace physicians—but physicians making use of AI will soon replace those not using it.”

Still, these are early days for the application of AI in healthcare. Pearse Keane, a consultant doctor at Moorrelds Eye Hospital, has been leading a collaboration between Moor fields and Google’s Deep Mind Health. In 2018, he famously published a proof-of-concept paper in Nature showing the erst successful AI diagnosis for eye disease. “The algorithm that we’ve developed isn’t in clinical use at the minute, so we’re trying to implement this now,” Keane said.

Keane mentioned the INSIGHT study, which is looking into eye disease and its link to other conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病). “We are using the eye as a window to the rest of the body. With deep learning, we can now look at a retinal (视网膜）photograph and say: ‘This is a woman, she’s 58 years old, she’s not a smoker or a diabetic, her BMI is around 25, and her blood pressure is around 150 over 85’. Now, to me, that’s staggering.” Keane said.

The INSIGHT study is analysing more than three million OCT scans from around 300,000 patients. “We now know, for every person having had a retinal scan here, who’s gone on to develop a heart attack or diabetes,” he said. “The reason why we’re excited is that we think that if we can get the appropriate data sets and learn them deeply, we can find much more in the back of the eye about the health of the rest of the body.”

“The application of AI for healthcare and medicine is about precision and accuracy, but that’s not all,” said Topol. The most important aspect is how AI can promote a stronger human connection between doctor and patient. “We see patients in single digit numbers of minutes. And that’s not enough, you need the gift of time, which AI can give back,” he said. “Next year this will be the standard,” he believes. “Rather than doctors being data clerks, they will be making eye contact with patients. There’s no algorithm for empathy. That’s a human characteristic that we have to develop and get back in the way it used to be.”

31. According to Topol, machines in healthcare ______.

A. can pick up polyps

B. will replace doctors

C. are already better than experts

D. can discover if a patient has diseases

32. In paragraph 4, Keane mentioned a retinal photograph of a patient mainly to ______.

A. evaluate the effects of AI in healthcare

B. introduce a patient’s personal information

C. explain how deep learning detects diseases

D. show the present outcome of AI’s application

33. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A. AI has been the standard of some advanced hospitals.

B. AI can improve the relationship between doctors and patients.

C. With deep learning, the researchers can find the secrets of the eye.

D. Doctors will spend more time on face-to-face communication with patients.

34. What does this passage mainly talk about?

A. The AI’s application on diagnosis.

B. Successful AI diagnosis for eye disease.

C. The great clinical progress in deep learning.

D. The impact of AI on promoting human connection.

【31~34题答案】

【答案】31. D    32. D    33. D    34. A

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Stare at a blank wall in any room, and you are unlikely to learn much more than the paint color. But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections. ____35____ But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room—and what they are doing.

This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner. ____36____

As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls. ____37____ But these faint (微弱的) signals are usually drowned out by the main source of environment light. “If we neglect whatever we are observing, you would just be left with camera noise—and signal,” says Prafull Sharma, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time. ____38____ Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior. The resulting system can automatically analyze footage of a blank wall in any room in real time, determining the number of people and their actions.

____39____ It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.

A. The technology is thought advanced.

B. These can’t be caught by the human eye.

C. They recorded various activities of the people in the room.

D. Brightly colored clothing can even cast a light reflected glow.

E. It also can monitor someone who avoids a camera’s line of sight.

F The system is considered a unique and wonderful discovery by camera specialists.

G. Although this system can function in any room, it performs poorly in dim lighting.

【35~39题答案】

【答案】35. B    36. E    37. D    38. C    39. G

第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

Tips for Dealing with Seasonal Affective Disorder

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on. It is often a periodic recurring disorder—you’ll feel depressed every winter and begin to feel better each spring. SAD depression is caused by lowered levels of serotonin, the mood-affecting brain chemical that is caused by seasonal changes in daylight. Shorter days may also disrupt the body’s biological clock, which upsets the balance of melatonin, the hormone which regulates mood and sleep patterns.

Seasonal affective disorder is far more common in northern climates, where days can be very short in winter. SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that.

Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit. If the weather permits, take a walk. In your home or office, try sitting close to a window that faces south. Replacing light bulbs in your home with full spectrum light bulbs can help because they give out light similar to sunlight.

Studies have shown that increasing your exercise routine can counteract SAD. Exercise raises levels of serotonin. Moderate exercise, which means neither too much nor too little exercise, such as walking, riding a stationary bike or swimming is a great way to get started. But any activities that raise your heart rate, including daily chores, can help, especially if you can do them outdoors or near a sunny window. Yoga, jogging and Tai chi can all help lift your mood.

Year-end panic refers to the self-blame and overall feeling of panic brought about by the approach of the year’s end, often due to a poor financial year and pressure from work and family. Psychological experts suggest that we should avoid peer competition. While regretting for the failed plans in the past year, you can still make resolution to do it better in the coming year.

40. According to the passage, what is SAD?

41. Who are more likely to suffer from SAD?

42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.

Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started.

43. Seasons bring not only depression but also happiness. Which season can cheer you up? And why? (In about 40 words)

【40~43题答案】

【答案】40. It is Seasonal affective disorder/It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months./It is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months, and may improve as spring comes on.   

41. Women and people under age 40./SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that./People with lowered levels of serotonin.   

42. Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD, and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started. According to the passage, moderate exercise is a great way to get started. But people shouldn’t do too much exercise in the beginning.   

43. Spring can cheer me up because it’s neither too cold nor too hot. First, spring can relieve the bleak feeling of winter. Besides, spring gives people a hopeful sense of recovery. Finally, There are many flowers that bloom in spring, which are very beautiful.

第二节 （20分）

44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校将举办科技节。请给你的英国朋友Jim写一封邮件，向他介绍活动情况，内容包括：

1. 介绍科技节的相关信息（时间，活动内容等）；

2. 邀请对方来参加。

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

【44题答案】

【答案】Dear Jim,

How is everything going?

I’m writing to invite you to attend the Science and Technology Festival at our school with me.

It will be held in the school hall next Sunday morning. The opening ceremony starts at 9:00 a.m., and the schoolmaster will deliver a speech. Then a famous scientist will give a lecture on science. After that, participants can enjoy the exhibition about the development of high-technology and try to do different experiments in person.

I think it’s a good chance for us to broaden our vision and have hands-on experiences. Most importantly, I know you’re very keen on science and curious about the world. I’m sure it’ll be a fantastic experience. And I really hope you can come.

I’m looking forward to your earliest reply.

Yours,

Li Hua