（2）阅读理解B篇——【新课标全国卷】2022届高考英语三轮复习考点题号一对一

（2）阅读理解B篇——【新课标全国卷】2022届高考英语三轮复习考点题号一对一

一、

    Binge-watching(刷剧) is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in quick succession(一连串, 连续). With developments in the speed and connectivity of the Internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favorite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.

    This behavior is nothing new. In fact, “binge-watching” has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognize this behavior and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like” suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode.

    However, recent research suggests that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back(一集接一集地), almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their household chores. Next we’ll be missing work!

    Bingeing has other connections—binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of them are often associated with a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director, said: “The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?

    The countless number of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, “A little of what you fancy does you good.”

1.How did the writer develop the first paragraph?
A.By giving a definition. B.By telling a story.
C.By listing some examples. D.By analyzing the cause and effect.
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “concurrently” in para. 2?
A.for convenience. B.at the same time. C.in detail. D.free of charge.
3.What Lindsey said in Paragraph 4 implies that ________.
A.people can’t control their feelings
B.people can’t resist the temptation
C.people have no patience to do work
D.people are addicted to waiting for a new episode
4.What advice did the writer give at last?
A.To keep online media from stopping functioning.
B.To enjoy entertainment as much as possible.
C.To learn life lessons from the episodes.
D.To watch episodes in a moderate way.

二、

    A team of researchers from several institutions in the UK and one in Estonia has created a type of buoy(浮标) that has proven to be effective at frightening seabirds, thus preventing them from getting caught in gillnets-a type of vertical fishing net that is made of a material that makes it nearly invisible underwater.

    Every year, hundreds of thousands of seabirds die when they get caught in gillnets. Some estimates suggest that up to a half-million birds are caught in them each year. Over the years, researchers have created devices(装置) to prevent the birds from trying to catch fish near or in gillnets, but those didn't work well.

    To find a way that would work for all seabirds, the researchers first studied seabirds in a general sense, looking to find things that they would avoid. They noted that seabirds avoided eye contact with other creatures. Then the researchers came up with a simple idea-they put a small pole to a regular buoy and then attached a pair of googly eyes(金鱼眼) to the top of it. They made the eyes big enough so that even birds with poor eyesight, such as geese, would see them. Adding to the effectiveness of the device, waves made the eyes move back and forth. And the wind made the buoy spin very slowly, making sure that birds from every direction would get a good look at the eyes.

    To test their idea, the researchers selected several sites near gillnets and counted how many birds approached and how many attempted to catch fish near the nets. They then set up their googly-eyed buoys and once again counted birds. Over the course of 62 days, they found the number of birds that tried to catch fish near the gillnets dropped by approximately 25% for a distance of up to 50 meters. They also found that the birds were less likely to fish near where the buoys had been for up to three weeks after they had been removed.

1.What is the function of paragraph 2?
A.Introducing a new topic to discuss. B.Providing background information.
C.Summarizing the previous paragraph. D.Pointing out the main idea of the text.
2.Why did the researchers make the googly eyes big?
A.To ensure all the seabirds can see them. B.To clearly observe seabirds' eye contact.
C.To allow them to survive the strong wind. D.To effectively identify the right direction.
3.What does the researchers' test result mainly suggest?
A.The new device still needs improving. B.Gillnets are a death valley for seabirds.
C.Seabirds hardly catch fish near the nets. D.The googly-eyed buoy proves effective.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.A group of researchers interested in seabirds. B.A way to help seabirds catch fish effectively.
C.A device keeping seabirds safe from gillnets. D.A googly-eyed buoy guiding seabirds to hunt.

三、

    Beginning 2020, the fifth generation of wireless technology is expected to be widely used throughout the world. The new network, called 5G, promises to give faster speeds and a higher capacity for the use of more devices. However, while some companies are competing to be the first to deliver 5G to the consumer, the environmental influences of the new network are being overlooked.

    There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to ecosystems. The main component of the 5G network that will affect the earth's ecosystems is the millimeter waves. The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale(规模) before. Studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies.

    The millimeter waves, specifically, had a detrimental effect on birds. In a study, researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5~30 minutes, the eggs of sparrows were disfigured. The disfiguration of birds exposed for such a short amount of time to these frequencies(频率) is significant considering that the new 5G network will have a much higher density(浓度) of base stations(small cells) throughout areas needing connection. The potential dangers of having so many small cells all over areas where birds live could threaten their population's survival.

    Additionally, it was found that cellular devices were linked to many disturbances in the ecosystems of bees. In this study, beehives exposed for just ten minutes to 900MHz waves fell victim to colony collapse disorder(蜂群崩坏症候群). Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth's ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination(授粉), making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system.

    The impact that the cell towers have on birds and bees is important to understand, because all ecosystems of the earth are interconnected. If one component of an ecosystem is disrupted the whole system will be affected.

1.What will probably cause the environmental problems with the wide use of 5G network?
A.The lack of the density of base stations. B.The less mature devices and technologies.
C.The lower capacity for the use of devices. D.The large amount of use of millimeter waves.
2.Which of the following best explains the underlined word "detrimental" in Paragraph 3?
A.Important. B.Unknown. C.Harmful. D.Potential.
3.Why are bees important in the earth's ecosystem?
A.They play a key role in food production. B.They can guide some pollinators to work.
C.They are likely to reduce unpleasant noises. D.They rid disturbances in the agricultural system.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Should 5G Be Used in the Future? B.The Influence of 5G on Ecosystem
C.The Research on 5G Technologies D.How Can Ecosystem Survive 5G?

四、

    The seafood you buy may not always be what it claims to be on the label, according to a new report. The US imports about 90% of its seafood and once those shipments cross the border, the report says they're rarely tracked all the way to your table.
    Beth Lowell, with advocacy group Oceana, has been working to stop seafood fraud grocery stores in 24 states, and found 1 out of 5 samples were mislabeled. It also found 1 in every 3 businesses visited sold at least one item that wasn't labeled correctly.
    "The problem of seafood fraud can happen anytime in the supply chin where one fish is swapped out for another. It could be because somebody wants to sell a cheaper fish at a higher price. Or if they're trying to fill the orders for salmon(鲑鱼) and there's not enough salmon then they may swap something else out," Lowell says.
    Not only can that fraud cheat consumers, but Oceana reports it covers up illegal fishing and misleads customers into buying vulnerable species, which are falsely advertised as sustainable seafood. It exhausts fish stocks, and damages marine habitats.
    Some restaurants are now focusing on using only local, sustainable fish. Mayanoki is a tiny sushi restaurant in New York City where you won't find the famous but threatened bluefin tuna. "We don't sell bluefin tuna, you know;why can we have one endangered species on our menu in New York City and not another one. It's confusing to me," owner TJ Provenzano says. So instead of the usual tuna and salmon, chef Jeff Miller creates sushi featuring regional species like baitfish. Consequently, Provenzano needn't worry much about fraud.
    "Nobody would want to fake the fish we're serving." Provenzano says. "Frankly speaking, there's no sacrifice in quality when it comes to eating these things. They're absolutely beautiful species that are just kind of underappreciated. "

1.Which can best describe seafood fraud according to paragraph 2?
A.Unprofitable. B.Damaging. C.Uncontrollable. D.Common.
2.What problem does seafood fraud cause according to Oceana?
A.It endangers rare seafood species. 

B.It damages locally-caught fish.
C.It increases the demand of imported seafood. 

D.It makes consumers seek more expensive seafood.
3.Why is Mayanoki mentioned in the text?
A.To give consumers a cheap choice. B.To call on people to join in fighting fraud.
C.To advise choosing sushi restaurants. D.To show the hope of ending seafood fraud.
4.What can we inter about TJ Provenzano?
A.He gets involved in illegal fishing.
B.He serves imported seafood in his restaurant.
C.He prefers appreciating the beauty of local fish.
D.He devotes himself to keeping track of seafood fraud.

五、

    Lego is considering a brick rental scheme in an attempt to cut down on plastic waste. The Danish toymaker has promised to make all its bricks from sustainable(可持续的) sources by 2030 and is searching significant resources into finding alternatives.

    Tim Brooks, vice-president responsible for sustainability, said the company was "totally open" to the idea of a product rental scheme but acknowledged that lost pieces could be a significant problem. He said the rental scheme was "possible" but admitted there were some "technical barriers", one of which is the complexity of some Lego sets, many of which contain thousands of pieces. "What are the chances of giving them to an eight-year-old child and getting them all back again?" Mr. Brooks added.

    Lego has come under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint with growing international alarm about the impact of plastic waste on the environment. Lego reportedly gives off around a million tons of carbon dioxide each year, with about three-quarters coming from raw materials that go into factories. It produces 19 billion pieces per year—36 000 a minute—that are made of plastic and much of the inner packaging is also plastic.

    So far, the only breakthrough has been the development of a line of bricks made from plant-based plastic sourced from sugarcane(甘蔗). The green trees, plants and flowers were first included in Lego sets late last year but account for only one-two percent of the total amount of plastic elements produced.

    Henrik Ostergaard Nielson, a production administrator in Lego's factory, told the New York Times last year "We need to learn again how to do this." The company has invested(投资) more than £ 100 000 000 and hired 100 people to research non-plastic alternatives. It is aiming to keep all of its packaging reusable by 2025.

1.What is the aim of Lego's brick rental plan?
A.To cut down on their cost. B.To reduce plastic waste.
C.To seek alternative resources. D.To deal with technical barriers.
2.What is Tim Brooks' attitude towards the toy rental scheme?
A.Negative. B.Confident. C.Ambiguous. D.Objective.
3.What method is used in the last three paragraphs?
A.Listing data.  B.Making comparisons.
C.Giving examples.  D.Describing facts.
4.What can we know from the last paragraph?
A.Lego will not make new products after 2025.
B.Lego has already bought non-plastic alternatives.
C.Lego is making efforts for eco-friendly products.
D.Lego's green technology is relatively backward.

六、

    Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.

    While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.

    The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.

    Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.

    Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company's "Oshbot" robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.

    The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. "We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us," said Breazeal.

1.How are social robots different from household robots?
A.They can control their emotions.
B.They are more like humans.
C.They do the normal housework.
D.They respond to users more slowly.
2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?
A.Communicate with you and perform operations.
B.Answer your questions and make requests.
C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
3.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ______.
A.train employees  B.be our workmates
C.improve technologies  D.take the place of workers
4.What does the passage mainly present?
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introduction to social robots.

七、

   An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.  

    How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is no fixed amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region and from family to family.  

    To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. “If you make the child responsible for these bills,” says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, “he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures.”  

    Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child's allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers' can feel left out.

    It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch. “If you lose your money,” Brook's mother told her, “you walk home.”  

    One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store; then she called home for a fare. “Mom made me walk home, ” recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. “At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson.”  

    Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child's daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home that can develop his or her initiative.

1.What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.How to work up an amount of pocket money.
B.How to teach a child to save money.
C.How to teach a child about money.
D.How to develop a child’s initiative.
2.It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance he or she may _____.
A.lose the money and can not return home
B.feel responsible and care about money
C.spend all the money very soon
D.be spoiled and finally ruined
3.In paragraph 4 the words “his peers” refer to ___________.
A.his teachers  B.his parents
C.his financial experts  D.his friends
4.The author implies in the passage that __________.
A.children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money
B.a child’s initiative can be developed if he or she is paid for the housework
C.children may feel lost and lonely if they have no pocket money
D.paying children for their housework is no good

八、

    Now satellites are helping to forecast the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world.The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms.They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists (气象学家) can see the weather of any part of the world.From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.

    Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast,the meteorologists can say this.

    So the weather satellites are of great help to the meteorologists.Before satellites were invented,  the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days.Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead.

1.The underlined word “forecast” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A.say what you think will happen
B.throw something in front of you
C.broadcast news reports each day
D.talk with someone about something
2.Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere?
A.Because the weather satellites can do it easily.
B.Because clouds form there.
C.Because the weather forms there.
D.Because the pictures can forecast the weather.
3.Meteorologists forecast the weather ________.
A.as soon as they receive satellite pictures
B.after they receive satellite pictures
C.before they receive satellite pictures
D.while they send satellite pictures
4.Maybe we’ll soon be able to forecast the weather for ________.
A.one day B.two days C.five days D.seven days or evenlonger

答案以及解析

一、

答案：1-4 ABBD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in quick succession观看节目(刷剧)是指一个人连续看一集以上的节目,文章一开始就告诉什么是Binge-watching,可知第一段是下定义开始行文的,故选A。

2.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子"Of ten, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently.通常情况下，不是一周一集地发行，而是整个系列都可以在当下发行。"可知划线部分的意思是"当下，同时"，A. for convenience为了方便起见；B. at the same time同时；C. in detail详细地；D. free of charge免费的。故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据第四段The days of waiting a week for the neat episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move一周等待下一集的日子已经一去不复返了，人们发现很难不在家里或搬家的时候看多集，可知从她的话可知人们是抵制不住诱惑，故选B。

4.细节理解题。根据最后一段"The countless of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, when the activity begins to bleed into other areas causing us to stop functioning then it becomes a problem. So what's the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, A little of what you fancy does you good."许多人会说,电视和在线媒体所能带给我们的无数信息和娱乐是件好事。然而,当这种活动开始渗入其他领域,导致我们停止运作时,这就成了一个问题。答案是什么?节制!毕竟,正如那句古老的谚语所说:"你所喜欢的一点对你有好处。"可知刷剧要有所节制,故选D。

二、

答案：1-4 BADC

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段可知,每年都会有海鸟因为被渔网缠住而淹死,虽然多年来研究者一直致力于解决这个问题,但结果不尽人意。由此可推断,第二段主要是在介绍新的装置被发明的背景。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段They made the eyes big enough so that even birds with poor eyesight,such as geese, would see them."可知,研究人员制作大的金鱼眼是为了确保所有的海鸟都能看见金鱼眼浮标。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段Over the course of 62 days, they found the number of birds that tried to catch fish near the gillnets dropped by approximately 25% for a distance of up to 50 meters. They also found that the birds were less likely to fish near where the buoys had been for up to three weeks after they had been removed.可知,金鱼眼浮标的使用降低了海鸟被渔网缠住的风险,而且海鸟也会有意识地避开曾经放置了金鱼眼浮标的地区。由此可推断,金鱼眼浮标有效地阻止了海鸟靠近渔网从而避免被渔网缠住。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是文章第一段"...has created a type of buoy(浮标) that has proven to be effective at frightening seabirds, thus preventing them from getting caught in gillnets..."可知,本文主要介绍了研究人员发明的一种防止海鸟被渔网缠住的金鱼眼浮标。

三、

答案：1-4 DCAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段“The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale before. Studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies.”可知,5G网络的问题是大量使用毫米波会影响生态环境。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词后“In a study,researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5〜30 minutes,the eggs of sparrows were disfigured. ”可推断,画线词的意思与harmful 的意思最为接近。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段“Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth’s ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination, making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system.”可知,蜜蜂可以授粉,所以它们在食物生产过程中起着重要的作用。
4.标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是文章第一段“However, while some companies are competing to be the first to deliver 5G to the consumer,the environmental influences of the new network are being overlooked. ” 及第二段“There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to ecosystems. ”可知,本文主要介绍了 5G对生态系统的影响。

四、

答案：1-4 DADC

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段found 1 out of 5 samples were mislabeled. It also found 1 in every 3 businesses visited sold at least one item that wasn't labeled correctly.调查发现,五分之一的样品贴错了标签。调查还发现,每三家受访企业中就有一家出售了至少一种标签不正确的商品。可见海鲜欺诈是普遍存在的。A.Unprofitable.无利可图的。B.Damaging.破坏性的。C.Uncontrollable.无法控制的。D.Common.常见的,普遍的。所以选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段句子 Not only can that fraud cheat consumers, but Oceana reports it covers up illegal fishing and misleads customers into buying vulnerable species, which are falsely advertised as sustainable seafood. It exhausts fish stocks, and damages marine habitats.种欺诈行为不仅可以欺骗消费者,而且Oceana报告说,它掩盖了非法捕捞,误导消费者购买被虚假宣传为可持续海鲜的脆弱物种。它耗尽了鱼类资源,破坏了海洋栖息地。可见它危及稀有的海鲜物种。故选A。
3.写作目的题。根据倒数第二段句子So instead of the usual tuna and salmon, chef Jeff Miller creates sushi featuring regional species like baitfish. Consequently, Provenzano needn't worry much about fraud.因l此,厨师杰夫·米勒(Jeff Miller)制作的寿司不是通常的金枪鱼和鲑鱼,而是以区域性鱼饵鱼为特色的寿司。因此,不必太担心欺诈。可见作者提到这家寿司店目的是说明结束海鲜欺诈的希望。所以选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段句子there's no sacrifice in quality when it comes to eating these things. They're absolutely beautiful species that are just kind of underappreciated."吃这些东西不会牺牲质量。它们绝对是美丽的物种,只是有点被低估了。"可见对于他提供的区域性的鱼类很欣赏,他更喜欢欣赏当地鱼的美丽。所以选C。

五、

答案：1-4.BDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"Lego is considering a brick rental scheme in an attempt to cut down on plastic waste."可知,Lego公司实施这一计划是为了减少塑料浪费。故答案为B。
2.观点态度题。根据第二段内容尤其是第二句中的“the rental scheme was ‘possible’ but admitted there were some ‘technical barriers’”可知,Tim Brooks 认为出租计划是可行的,但也存在一些技术障碍。由此可推知,他的态度是客观的。故答案为D。
3.写作手法题。根据第三段第二句中的“a million tons of”、“three-quarters coming from raw materials”、第三句中的“19 billion pieces per year—36 000 a minute”及倒数第二段第二句中的“only one-two percent of” 以及最后一段第一句中的“invested(投资)more than £100 000 000 and hired100 people”可知,最后三段均应用了具体的数据。故答案为A。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Henrik说:“我们需要再学习如何做到环保。”而且Lego公司已经投资超过1亿英镑,并雇佣了100人来研究非塑料的替代品。公司的目标是在2025年之前使所有的包装材料变得可以重复使用。由此可推知,Lego公司正在为打造环保产品而努力。故答案为C。

六、

答案：1-4 BDBD

解析： 1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段While household robots today do the normal housework social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.可知社会机器人更像人或不是纯粹的工具。故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段 Breazeal的话We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with as"可以推断出社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。故选B。

4.主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。故选D。

七、

答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D
解析：1.主旨大意题.本文讨论的主要是关于给孩子零花钱的问题,以及孩子在使用零花钱方面的具体的作用和影响.故C项正确.
2.推断判断题.根据文章第三段"If you make the child responsible for these bills',"says Josephine Swanson,aconsumer specialist,"he or she will learn to plan for necessary costs."说明如果我给孩子零花钱,孩子就可能会为自己的账单,也就是自己所话的钱负责.故B项正确.
3.推理判断题.根据本句If you can keep your child's allowance in line with that of his friends.A child whose buying power falls away below his peers'can feel left out.说明孩子和他的朋友在一起的时候,如果他的钱不如朋友多,就会感觉不好,故该词是指他的同龄人,爷爷就是他的朋友们.故D正确.
4.推理题判断.根据文章最后一段前3行Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child's daily housework at home.Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family.可知专家认为给孩子钱让他们做家务这种做法是错误的.故D项正确.

八、

答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.猜测词义题。从下文来判断此处的意思是:卫星可以帮助预报天气。forecast指对将来所发生的事情进行预测。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知C项正确。
3.细节理解题。由文章第二段可知,气象学家将收到的卫星图像与原来的加以比较,才能发现其中的变化,并根据这种变化来预报天气,故是在收到图像之后。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一句“Soon,perhaps,they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead.”可知D项正确。