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Passage 1（2021·河北高三二模）
There is an "envirnmental silver lining" as a result f the crnavirus (冠状病毒) —carbn emissins have been reduced by mre than 4%, many wildlife markets arund the wrld have been shuttered and air quality in sme places has slightly imprved, Dave Frd, funder f the envirnmental literacy rganizatin SulBuffal, says.
But thanks t an increase in pandemic-related, nn-recyclable materials such as take-ut plastic cntainers and masks, 30% mre waste has entered ur ceans, he ntes. "There's 129 billin facemasks being made every mnth—enugh that yu culd cver the entire cuntry f Switzerland with facemasks at the end f this year if trends cntinue," he says. "And a lt f these masks are ending up in the water." The masks lk like jellyfish—in ther wrds, fd—t turtles and ther wildlife creatures, thus, attractive t thse animals and then endangering them, he says.
Very little f the plastic we use is actually recyclable. Sharn Lerner f The Intercept tld Here & Nw last year that "the vast majrity f plastic that has ever been prduced—79%—has actually ended up in landfills r burned, but nt refashined int new prducts." Even if the plastics we have can be reused, Frd says recycling prgrams acrss the glbe are facing drastic budget cuts.
"We're starting t see recycling prgrams shuttered, waste picking cmmunities perating at 50% r actually shutting dwn. They are the last line f defense between plastic and the envirnment," he says.
Last year, Unilever planned t cut its use f nn-recycled plastics in half by 2025. In an interview with Here & Nw, Richard Slater, Unilever's chief research and develpment fficer, drew n the industry argument that plastic packaging is lighter, which means less shipping and therefre fewer dangerus emissins that cause climate change.
Yes, plastics are lightweight and can cut dwn n fuel spending. But n the ther hand, plastic waste is being fund in every facet f life—even in the deepest cean.
1．What des "envirnmental silver lining" in Papagraph 1 refer t?
A．An envirnmental rganizatin. B．The clsure f sme wildlife markets.
C．The decrease f carbn dixide emissins. D．Benefits n envirnment frm the crnavirus.
2．Why are facemasks appealing t sme sea creatures?
A．They resemble the sea creatures' fd. B．They cntain certain unique chemicals.
C．Many sea creatures like t chase plastic by nature. D．There is a cntinuus shrtage f fd in the cean.
3．What can we learn abut the plastic waste?
A．Mst f it is recycled int new prducts. B．The majrity f it is buried r burned.
C．129 billin facemasks end up in the cean. D．There is enugh budget fr plastic recycling.
4．Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text?
A．Plastic can cut dwn fuel spending B．Recycling prgrams are shutting dwn
C．The crnavirus has caused mre cean plastic D．Slutins t cean plastic pllutin are being explred
Passage 2（2021·全国高三月考）
As f Octber, President Dnald Trump's administratin annunced that the gray wlf wuld be remved frm the U.S. Endangered Species List.
Once abundant acrss mst f Nrth America, gray wlves went nearly extinct due t pisning, hunting, and trapping, as human settlements expanded acrss the cntinent. At ne pint, hunters were awarded fr killing gray wlves which were seen as threats t animals n rural ranches（牧场）and farms.
In the 1970s, as gray wlf ppulatins cntinued t dwindle, the U.S. gvernment tk prtective actin, listing the animals as endangered. In 1995 and 1996, the gvernment reintrduced gray wlves in Idah and Wyming's Yellwstne Natinal Park. Frm these lcatins, gray wlf ppulatins expanded t nrthern Califrnia, Oregn, Mntana, and Washingtn State. As f tday, accrding t data frm the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the ttal gray wlf ppulatin stands at 6000.
Hwever, envirnmentalists have strngly criticized the gray wlfs remval frm the Endangered Species list. They view the decisin as premature and ptentially hurtful t wlves, wh have nt yet gained a strng fthld in many ecsystems.
Clrad, a frmer reserve fr gray wlves, has narrwly passed a vte t reintrduce gray wlves in the state's frests and muntain ranges. Wlf supprters and cnservatinists cnnect the animals' benefits with the envirnment. Gray wlves help maintain healthy elk and deer ppulatins and help limit vergrazing, which can lead t sil ersin. Wlf ppnents, n the ther hand, fear increased livestck deaths and greater risk t farmers and rangers in rural areas because hunting and livestck raising arc amng the biggest careers in western states.
5．What can be learned frm the text?
A．Human activities nce caused a decrease in gray wlf ppulatins.
B．Hunters wh kill gray wlves will be awarded by the gvernment.
C．In the 1990s mst f the gray wlves in America lived in preserves.
D．Envirnmentalists think the gvernment's new decisin is sensible.
6．What des the underlined wrd "dwindle" in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Multiply. B．Disappear. C．Decline. D．Expand.
7．Which can best describe Clradans' attitudes t bringing in gray wlves?
A．Indifferent. B．Cntradictry. C．Ridiculus. D．Uncncerned.
8．What's the main idea f the text?
A．Gray wlf ppulatins have grwn steadily.
B．Gray wlves play a key rle in a balanced ecsystem.
C．Gray wlves experienced rise and fall in American histry.
D．Gray wlves will be remved frm the Endangered Species List.
Passage3（2021·广东佛山市·高三月考）
It can be easy t brush ff certain events as small matters that dn’t require attentin— but when the safety f dzens f airplane passengers was n the tine, this NASA engineer decided t speak up.
Rumaasha Maasha was preparing t fly frm Huntsville t Clrad back in January when he sptted a liquid leak frm his windw seat n the wing.
“Nrmally, if it’s a wet day, yu’ll see vrtices (旋涡) ff the wing. Abut 1,000 feet ff the grund, I started seeing smething white and thught, ‘maybe we’re just hitting sme humidity (湿气).’ Well, after a while it was still ding it, and that’s when I knew smething was up. I lked clser and immediately realized that we were lsing fuel.” Maasha als knew that as the plane increased in altitude, the situatin wuld gt wrse.
“I gestured the flight attendant t cme ver and frtunately she was very attentive,” he said. “She called the crew and the key thing is that she did this as we were still climbing ut. Within a minute r tw, they reduced speed and leveled ff. The fuel leak diminished immediately when they slwed dwn.”
Much t the anger f the passengers, the plane returned t the Huntsville airprt, but upn finding ut the reasn fr the return—and the her behind it—sme f the passengers made friends with Maasha.
Maasha’s experience with NASA wasn’t the nly thing that came in handy that day, the engineer first fell in lve with aviatin (航空) as a teenager grwing up near an airprt in Mnrvia, Liberia. “Lking back, I guess I had the perfect sets f circumstances t recgnize the issue that day,” he said. “Since I was a kid, I’ve always tried t sit in a windw seat near the wing, and as I grew up, I am determined t run after my dream during my university years. That’s nt the first time I’ve nticed smething. I’m sure it wn’t be the last.”
9．When did Maasha realize smething went wrng?
A．Befre the plane started t fly. B．When the white thing cntinued t leak.
C．After he settled n his windw seat. D．When he first nticed the liquid.
10．What des the underlined wrd “diminished” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Wrsened.B．Decreased.C．Occurred.D．Cntinued.
11．What played a majr rle in Maasha’s brave actin?
A．His birth place and hme lcatin. B．His university years and hnesty.
C．His childhd educatin and seat chice. D．His wrking experience and persnal interest.
12．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Childhd Dream Has Cme True B．Fluid Leaking Happened t a Jet
C．A NASA Engineer Saved Passengers D．Passengers Feel Grateful t an Engineer
Passage4（2021·福建龙岩市·高三一模）
Plastic, a durable material, is prbably the definitive 20th century “md-cn”. It has prved attractive t cnsumers and manufacturers. But the tide, nw packed with an additinal 8 millin tns f plastic entering the ceans annually, is slwly turning.
The scale f the envirnmental prblem with plastic waste is astnishing Mre than 6.3 billin tns f plastic waste has been prduced since the 1950s, mre than half f which was prduced in the past 16 years, and plastic prductin is expected t duble again in the next 20 years. Despite higher recycling rates, large amunts f plastic leak int the envirnment. Estimates suggest there will be mre plastic than fish in the sea by 2050 and there is evidence that it is present thrughut the human fd chain. An eclgically and technlgically superir replacement fr many uses f plastic is lng verdue.
Cnsumers have becme keen recyclers. Yet this is nt as gd an utcme as it seems. Even when plastics are recyclable and put in a recycling bin, the majrity still ends up in landfill, causing huge emissin prblems, r ends up in the sea.
Recycling is a cmplex, expensive, lw-prfit business. It is made harder because, althugh 95 per cent f peple in the US and EU markets recycle, nly abut 30 per cent recycle carefully enugh fr it t be usable.
Nevertheless, grwing demand fr alternatives t plastic is running ahead f the scientific breakthrughs. These are needed t ensure the envirnmental impact f replacing it is a net psitive. One ppular prpsal—using paper instead f plastic if pssible—hwever culd exacerbates glbal warming, a mre pressing prblem.
Having turned cnsumers int keen recyclers, gvernments must ensure recycling wrk. This will require an internatinally jined-up regulatry, envirnment that ensures manufacturers bear the cst f using nn-recyclable r unecnmical materials.
Equally, cnsumers shuld cntinue t demand a circular plastic ecnmy. This wuld be a wrld in which unnecessary and ec-unfriendly plastic is cmpletely remved, all plastic packaging is 100 per cent reusable r recyclable. The waste must end.
13．What des the secnd paragraph mainly tell us abut?
A．Plastic prductin.B．Life chain.
C．Material substitutin.D．Plastic prblem.
14．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbate’ in the fifth paragraph mean?
A．Affect.B．Better
C．RemveD．Wrsen.
15．What will manufactures have t d withut using recyclable materials?
A．Pay fr the utcme.B．Refund the cnsumers.
C．Abandn their prducts.D．Prvide the recycling stuff.
16．What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A．T infrm us f the plastic prblem.
B．T praise cnsumers' sense f respnsibility.
C．T suggest there is a lng way slving the plastic prblem.
D．T indicate manufacturers shuld create a safer envirnment
Passage5（2021·辽宁大连市·高三开学考试）
We’re lving the sea t death. We swim int it, live near it, build beside it, and even imagine abut living under the sea. Fr much f ur histry, we have turned t “hard engineering” t cntrl the marine envirnment and manage its influence n us. We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these effrts seem t fail, because we’ve nt been thinking abut design f structures with respect t eclgy. Sme castal structures create shade, which reduces the grwth f seaweed. Bright lights at night cntuse species such as turtles. That’s why blue engineering cmes in.
Jhnsn, a marine eclgist, is advcating fr “blue engineering” — the marine versin f the “green engineering” mvement n land that has seen natins like Singapre building the walls and rfs f the cncrete jungle with plant life.
Researchers with the Wrld Harbur Prject are creating tiles similar t the natural structures fund n rcky shres with 3D printing technlgy. These make mre attractive hmes fr marine creatures. Researchers are als actively seeding these tiles with lcal seaweeds and creatures such as the Sydney rck yster, which is particularly gd at imprving water quality. Twelve harbrs arund the wrld are taking part in this marine tile experiment, each wrking with their wn unique marine life.
It’s a far cry frm the days when huge numbers f ld tyres were thrwn int the sea t build “artificial reefs”. Thse early attempts are nw csting millins t remve, shwing just hw far we have yet t g in understanding hw best t c-habit with the underwater wrld.
17．What d we knw abut “hard engineering”?
A．It has imprved sea envirnment.B．It cntrls the influence f sea well.
C．It has failed t achieve its purpse.D．It makes living under the sea pssible.
18．What des the underlined wrd “cntuse” in Paragraph 1 mean？
A．Injure.B．Heat.C．Defend.D．Invlve.
19．Which f the fllwing is a frm f “blue engineering”?
A．Grwing plant life n cncrete buildings.B．Building rcky shres with 3D printers.
C．Creating an artificial reef with ld tyres.D．Building structures benefiting sea creatures.
20．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Tw ways f sea engineering.B．The green engineering mvement.
C．Cnstructin f artificial reefs.D．Research n blue engineering.
Passage6（2021·吉林延边朝鲜族自治州·高三一模）
It culd be said that the nrthernmst part f ur planet hlds the secrets f ur past as well as ur future.
The icy land is，in fact，nt a place fr the weak. This vast land f wilderness is where peple can get up clse t nature's extremes. The place is “n jke”，US phtgrapher Mark Mahaney tld PLAIN Magazine. “When midnight sun is replaced by plar night，everything's different Eyes t the hrizn and it's nthing. And then mre nthing，in every directin. ”
One f the mst harsh，yet mst pristine（原始的）places n Earth，the Arctic has been affected by human activities-explratin，bming turism and mst imprtantly，glbal warming-in recent decades.
But the impact f these changes is nt restricted t the inhabitants f this area alne. In fact, it culd be said that the weight f the wrld relies n this icy regin.
The Earth's steady climate depends n the Arctic's sea ice, which acts as a huge white reflectr at the tp f the planet, buncing sme f the sun's rays back int space. The mre Arctic sea ice melts, the less light is reflected, and the mre the dark ceans will absrb the sun's radiatin. The Arctic als helps circulate cean currents, mving cld and warm water arund the glbe.
With visible changes in the glbal climate, the Arctic has given us a wake-up call-what happens up in the Nrth desn't just stay there. It cmes with a high cst t the wrld at large. It's time fr us t pay attentin t this chilly regin and learn mre abut what's happening there, as well as its past and pssible future.
21．What des the underlined sentence "The place is ‘n jke’” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．The weak are unhappy in the Arctic. B．The natural cnditins are pr in the Arctic.
C．Phtgraphers are nt allwed t take phts. D．Peple are frbidden t make jkes in the Arctic.
22．What has caused the changes in the Arctic?
A．Animals and plants.B．Glbal warming
C．The activities f human beings.D．The scientists' recrds.
23．What is the functin f the Arctic's sea ice?
A．T regulate climate.B．T keep water clean.
C．T attract the sun's rays.D．T supprt the living creatures.
24．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．The Mst Harsh LandB．Changes f the Arctic
C．The Arctic Sending Warning SignalsD．Nature's Extremes Attracting Scientists
Passage 7（2021·黑龙江实验中学高三月考）
Happiness is an abstract cncept. When ne thinks f a typical happy persn, smiling, laughing and cheering are what usually cmes t mind. Hwever, if peple stp smiling r laughing, it desn’t necessarily mean that they are unhappy. Happiness has many different levels, and it is difficult t place the wrd in ne cncrete categry.
Many peple believe as peple grw lder, they will feel mre happiness. Hwever, I just find they are nt always s. When asking my twelve-year-ld sister what made her happy, she initially tld me that sleeping made her happy, and then she lked at me fr a reactin. When I had nne, she changed her answer t fd, then t fashin, and then finally t family. Each time she glanced at me, lking fr affirmatin (肯定) that she had given a "right" answer.
My yunger cusin, wh is even yunger than my sister, gave me an answer that surprised me. It wasn’t eating candy r watching TV that made her happy. It was lve. Cnsidering the clear differences between my sister and cusin in their answers, I came t see that age desn't always largely cntribute t happiness.
Asking my grandmther what brings her happiness, she immediately answered "her family" withut hesitatin. This is smething I expected, as my grandma is always a family-centered persn. This als aligns with her culture, being frm Italy and grwing up during the 50s, where family values were at its highest pint in sciety.
Asking myself this questin, I think carefully abut my answers. Sure, my family, friends and pets make me happy, but s d reading, writing and watching mvies. This is why I have cme t the cnclusin that I have n answer t my wn questin.
There is n ne single thing that makes me the happiest, because, like everybdy, my md depends n many factrs. Happiness depends n external factrs, as well as ne’s persnality and age. This is why I have cme t the cnclusin that the jurney f happiness cannt truly be defined, and that there isn’t ne thing abve all that makes everyne the happiest.
25．What d we knw abut happiness frm Paragraph 1?
A．It is pursued by nearly all peple. B．It’s difficult t describe it with wrds.
C．Its highest level is ften expressed with laughing. D．It may have nthing t d with ne’s expressins.
26．Cmparing her sister’s and cusin’s answers, the authr realized that_____.
A．happiness cmes frm very small things B．age wn’t always bring peple happiness
C．little kids can smetimes give us inspiratin
D．sme abstract things can make peple happier
27．What des the underlined phrase “aligns with” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Is cnsistent with.B．Is beneficial t.
C．Breaks away frm.D．Gets ut f.
28．What cnclusin des the authr draw abut happiness?
A．Happiness is hard t achieve. B．Happiness is determined by many factrs.
C．The happiest peple are ften pen-minded. D．One's family gives him the mst happiness.
Passage 8（2021·湖南永州市·高三二模）
There was a time when the majr cncern with AI safety had been the ne evil super intelligence, reflected in the mvie “The Terminatr”. Hwever, the game “Tacma” takes a different apprach. It assumes that there will be numerus AGI (artificial general intelligence) in the wrld and that any AGI, even a safely designed ne, in the wrng hands at the wrng time culd cause live« t be lst. That's the future that a grwing number f AI safety experts are wrried abut.
This is nt a new idea. In the bk “Engineering a Safer Wrld,” MIT prfessr Nancy G. Levesn addresses cmmn misunderstandings abut safety-critical systems engineering: engineering systems whse failure culd lead t human lss. Such safety-critical technlgies include aviatin, nuclear pwer, autmbiles, heavy chemicals, bitechnlgy, and, f curse, AGI.
S what can be dne?
Technlgy isn’t always the slutin. A famus example is the inventin f snic radars (声波雷达) that were suppsed t help ships detect nearby bstacles, but which nly increased the rate f accidents. Why? Captains sailed faster, thinking they culd get away with it thanks t the new safety technlgy.
Instead f technlgies, Levesn's bk suggests, we shuld be making rganizatinal changes. Additinally, Levesn suggests, amng many cmplicated guidelines, rganizatins shuld be aware that safety guidelines will inevitably becme lax ver time. As a cnsequence, measures shuld be carried ut t prevent ptential disasters.
What lessns can we draw frm cncern with AI safety? The answer may lie in recent disaster narratives (叙述), which remind us that, especially in limes like this, we shuldn't frget the ptential fr ther disasters. Public cnscience really des matter. And if we're all better at thinking abut safety we citizens, maybe we really can prevent disasters.
29．Why des the authr mentined “The Terminatr” in the first paragraph?
A．T aruse readers' interest in The Terminatr.
B．T intrduce the tpic f cncern with AI safely.
C．T mentin the similarity between “The Terminatr” and “Tacma”.
D．T make readers recall the evil super intelligence reflected in the mvie.
30．Why did the rate f ship accidents still increase after the inventin f snic radars?
A．Because captains seldm used them. B．Because the radars failed t wrk prperly.
C．Because captains depended n them t much. D．Because the ships culdn't detect nearby bstacles.
31．What des the underlined wrd “lax” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A．Safe.B．Imprtant.
C．Unreliable.D．Unnecessary.
32．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Disaster preventin Lessns frm AI. B．Safety prblems in mdern sciety.
C．Engineering develpment in mdern days. D．Future applicatins f artificial intelligence.
Passage9 （2021·青海西宁市·高三期末）
I tk ne f the bags frm my car. It was still dark ut. I headed fr a grup f three men, standing arund a tree, prbably using it as a windbreaker. As I walked tward them, ne f them watched me, perhaps questining my mtives. “I thught yu all might need sme fresh new scks,” I said, handing him a pair. He lked cnfused at first but tk them and said, “Thank yu.” I gave him tw mre pairs fr his friends. I mved n. An hur later, I had given ut all the scks. Mst peple were sleeping, and I felt like Santa. On her first day teaching students frm pr families at an after-schl prgram in New Yrk City, Alyssa Kapasi nticed hw many kids were lining up fr free sandwiches and fruit in the schl cafeteria. One f the wrkers explained that many f these students dn’t get enugh t eat at hme, s a schl lunch r an after-schl meal might be the mst fd they wuld get all day.
Kapasi, wh attends private schl, was very surprised. What’s mre, she made up her mind t help. “I want ther kids t understand that if yu see a prblem, yu dn’t have t wait t grw up t fix it,” says Kapasi. She and a grup f friends are nw putting their prgramming skills t wrk t create an app called Fd fr Thught, which will allw parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers t dnate t a lunch accunt fr a student in need at a nearby schl.
Abut 20 millin American kids receive free lunches. Tw millin mre can have lw-price meals, and thse students’ families have t pay fr part f their fd. When they dn’t have the mney n any given day, the students might have t settle fr an “alternative (可替代的) meal” such as a cheese sandwich.
The app — which is getting financial (财政的) supprt frm a GFundMe page — prvides annymity (匿名) t thse wh receive lunch and dnrs. T receive help, a family will need nly a recmmendatin (推荐) frm a schl teacher, and n ne else has t knw.
“I want t make an app that all users feel n shame in using,” says Kapasi. She hpes t test the app in a schl district this fall.
33．Why des Kapasi want t create an app?
A．T teach kids hw t help thers.B．T practise her prgramming skills.
C．T intrduce her schl t the public.D．T slve the prblem f hunger in schls.
34．What des the underlined phrase “settle fr” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Buy.B．Make.C．Accept.D．Offer.
35．What shuld a family d if they want t get help frm Fd fr Thught?
A．Visit a GFundMe page.B．Get in tuch with Kapasi.
C．Be recmmended by teachers.D．Dnate smething else instead.
36．What can we infer abut the users f Kapasi’s app?
A．They wn’t lse face in using it.B．They will make mney by using it.
C．They will knw wh ffers them help.D．They wn’t meet their dnrs until this
Passage 10（2021·湖北武汉市·高三月考）
US and Canadian researchers recently calculated the ttal amunt f the wrld's grundwater and estimated that it is equal t a lake 180 metres deep cvering the entire Earth. This makes grundwater the largest active freshwater resurce n the planet. The team als investigated its age. Hw did they d this?
Humans intrduced a cnvenient time signature n the Earth when we started testing atmic (原子的) weapns. This leaves a time stamp which can be fund in water, rcks and living rganisms. By seeing if radiactivity (放射性) frm atmic bmb testing was present in the grundwater, the researchers culd estimate that abut 6% f this grundwater is yunger than50 years ld. If this water was spread evenly ver the cntinents, then there is just three metres depth f "mdern" grundwater spread equally ver the cntinents.
It culd be argued that if we use nly this "mdem" grundwater, then this is sustainable, as we knw that it has been replaced (r recharged) by natural prcesses ver the last 50years. But hw quickly grundwater recharges changes ver time.
Water has t reach the inside f rcks, either nw r in the past. This means that the amunt f rainfall has t be mre than the amunt f water evaprating (蒸发) frm the land surface, and mre than the amunt f water used by all the plants. When this ccurs, fresh water can recharge the grundwater frm either water "leaking" frm the beds f rivers r frm rainwater that passes thrugh the sil.
In many parts f the wrld we knw that grundwater recharge varies due t natural climate variability such as El Nin. Grundwater recharge will als change with glbal warming.
37．In rder t knw the age f grundwater, we can ________.
A．find its time stampB．test atmic weapns
C．examine its freshnessD．spread grundwater equally
38．What d peple think f the supply f "mdern" grundwater?
A．It's fresh.B．It's limited.C．It's vital.D．It's sufficient.
39．What des the underlined wrd "this" in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Water evaprating.B．Water leaking frm river beds.
C．Water getting int rcks.D．Water being used by all the plants.
40．What are the last three paragraphs mainly talking abut?
A．Climate variability.B．Glbal warming.
C．Grundwater explratin.D．Grundwater sustainability.
Passage 1（2021·河北高三二模）
There is an "envirnmental silver lining" as a result f the crnavirus (冠状病毒) —carbn emissins have been reduced by mre than 4%, many wildlife markets arund the wrld have been shuttered and air quality in sme places has slightly imprved, Dave Frd, funder f the envirnmental literacy rganizatin SulBuffal, says.
But thanks t an increase in pandemic-related, nn-recyclable materials such as take-ut plastic cntainers and masks, 30% mre waste has entered ur ceans, he ntes. "There's 129 billin facemasks being made every mnth—enugh that yu culd cver the entire cuntry f Switzerland with facemasks at the end f this year if trends cntinue," he says. "And a lt f these masks are ending up in the water." The masks lk like jellyfish—in ther wrds, fd—t turtles and ther wildlife creatures, thus, attractive t thse animals and then endangering them, he says.
Very little f the plastic we use is actually recyclable. Sharn Lerner f The Intercept tld Here & Nw last year that "the vast majrity f plastic that has ever been prduced—79%—has actually ended up in landfills r burned, but nt refashined int new prducts." Even if the plastics we have can be reused, Frd says recycling prgrams acrss the glbe are facing drastic budget cuts.
"We're starting t see recycling prgrams shuttered, waste picking cmmunities perating at 50% r actually shutting dwn. They are the last line f defense between plastic and the envirnment," he says.
Last year, Unilever planned t cut its use f nn-recycled plastics in half by 2025. In an interview with Here & Nw, Richard Slater, Unilever's chief research and develpment fficer, drew n the industry argument that plastic packaging is lighter, which means less shipping and therefre fewer dangerus emissins that cause climate change.
Yes, plastics are lightweight and can cut dwn n fuel spending. But n the ther hand, plastic waste is being fund in every facet f life—even in the deepest cean.
1．What des "envirnmental silver lining" in Papagraph 1 refer t?
A．An envirnmental rganizatin. B．The clsure f sme wildlife markets.
C．The decrease f carbn dixide emissins. D．Benefits n envirnment frm the crnavirus.
2．Why are facemasks appealing t sme sea creatures?
A．They resemble the sea creatures' fd. B．They cntain certain unique chemicals.
C．Many sea creatures like t chase plastic by nature. D．There is a cntinuus shrtage f fd in the cean.
3．What can we learn abut the plastic waste?
A．Mst f it is recycled int new prducts. B．The majrity f it is buried r burned.
C．129 billin facemasks end up in the cean. D．There is enugh budget fr plastic recycling.
4．Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text?
A．Plastic can cut dwn fuel spending B．Recycling prgrams are shutting dwn
C．The crnavirus has caused mre cean plastic D．Slutins t cean plastic pllutin are being explred
Passage 2（2021·全国高三月考）
As f Octber, President Dnald Trump's administratin annunced that the gray wlf wuld be remved frm the U.S. Endangered Species List.
Once abundant acrss mst f Nrth America, gray wlves went nearly extinct due t pisning, hunting, and trapping, as human settlements expanded acrss the cntinent. At ne pint, hunters were awarded fr killing gray wlves which were seen as threats t animals n rural ranches（牧场）and farms.
In the 1970s, as gray wlf ppulatins cntinued t dwindle, the U.S. gvernment tk prtective actin, listing the animals as endangered. In 1995 and 1996, the gvernment reintrduced gray wlves in Idah and Wyming's Yellwstne Natinal Park. Frm these lcatins, gray wlf ppulatins expanded t nrthern Califrnia, Oregn, Mntana, and Washingtn State. As f tday, accrding t data frm the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the ttal gray wlf ppulatin stands at 6000.
Hwever, envirnmentalists have strngly criticized the gray wlfs remval frm the Endangered Species list. They view the decisin as premature and ptentially hurtful t wlves, wh have nt yet gained a strng fthld in many ecsystems.
Clrad, a frmer reserve fr gray wlves, has narrwly passed a vte t reintrduce gray wlves in the state's frests and muntain ranges. Wlf supprters and cnservatinists cnnect the animals' benefits with the envirnment. Gray wlves help maintain healthy elk and deer ppulatins and help limit vergrazing, which can lead t sil ersin. Wlf ppnents, n the ther hand, fear increased livestck deaths and greater risk t farmers and rangers in rural areas because hunting and livestck raising arc amng the biggest careers in western states.
5．What can be learned frm the text?
A．Human activities nce caused a decrease in gray wlf ppulatins.
B．Hunters wh kill gray wlves will be awarded by the gvernment.
C．In the 1990s mst f the gray wlves in America lived in preserves.
D．Envirnmentalists think the gvernment's new decisin is sensible.
6．What des the underlined wrd "dwindle" in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Multiply. B．Disappear. C．Decline. D．Expand.
7．Which can best describe Clradans' attitudes t bringing in gray wlves?
A．Indifferent. B．Cntradictry. C．Ridiculus. D．Uncncerned.
8．What's the main idea f the text?
A．Gray wlf ppulatins have grwn steadily.
B．Gray wlves play a key rle in a balanced ecsystem.
C．Gray wlves experienced rise and fall in American histry.
D．Gray wlves will be remved frm the Endangered Species List.
Passage3（2021·广东佛山市·高三月考）
It can be easy t brush ff certain events as small matters that dn’t require attentin— but when the safety f dzens f airplane passengers was n the tine, this NASA engineer decided t speak up.
Rumaasha Maasha was preparing t fly frm Huntsville t Clrad back in January when he sptted a liquid leak frm his windw seat n the wing.
“Nrmally, if it’s a wet day, yu’ll see vrtices (旋涡) ff the wing. Abut 1,000 feet ff the grund, I started seeing smething white and thught, ‘maybe we’re just hitting sme humidity (湿气).’ Well, after a while it was still ding it, and that’s when I knew smething was up. I lked clser and immediately realized that we were lsing fuel.” Maasha als knew that as the plane increased in altitude, the situatin wuld gt wrse.
“I gestured the flight attendant t cme ver and frtunately she was very attentive,” he said. “She called the crew and the key thing is that she did this as we were still climbing ut. Within a minute r tw, they reduced speed and leveled ff. The fuel leak diminished immediately when they slwed dwn.”
Much t the anger f the passengers, the plane returned t the Huntsville airprt, but upn finding ut the reasn fr the return—and the her behind it—sme f the passengers made friends with Maasha.
Maasha’s experience with NASA wasn’t the nly thing that came in handy that day, the engineer first fell in lve with aviatin (航空) as a teenager grwing up near an airprt in Mnrvia, Liberia. “Lking back, I guess I had the perfect sets f circumstances t recgnize the issue that day,” he said. “Since I was a kid, I’ve always tried t sit in a windw seat near the wing, and as I grew up, I am determined t run after my dream during my university years. That’s nt the first time I’ve nticed smething. I’m sure it wn’t be the last.”
9．When did Maasha realize smething went wrng?
A．Befre the plane started t fly. B．When the white thing cntinued t leak.
C．After he settled n his windw seat. D．When he first nticed the liquid.
10．What des the underlined wrd “diminished” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Wrsened.B．Decreased.C．Occurred.D．Cntinued.
11．What played a majr rle in Maasha’s brave actin?
A．His birth place and hme lcatin. B．His university years and hnesty.
C．His childhd educatin and seat chice. D．His wrking experience and persnal interest.
12．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Childhd Dream Has Cme True B．Fluid Leaking Happened t a Jet
C．A NASA Engineer Saved Passengers D．Passengers Feel Grateful t an Engineer
Passage4（2021·福建龙岩市·高三一模）
Plastic, a durable material, is prbably the definitive 20th century “md-cn”. It has prved attractive t cnsumers and manufacturers. But the tide, nw packed with an additinal 8 millin tns f plastic entering the ceans annually, is slwly turning.
The scale f the envirnmental prblem with plastic waste is astnishing Mre than 6.3 billin tns f plastic waste has been prduced since the 1950s, mre than half f which was prduced in the past 16 years, and plastic prductin is expected t duble again in the next 20 years. Despite higher recycling rates, large amunts f plastic leak int the envirnment. Estimates suggest there will be mre plastic than fish in the sea by 2050 and there is evidence that it is present thrughut the human fd chain. An eclgically and technlgically superir replacement fr many uses f plastic is lng verdue.
Cnsumers have becme keen recyclers. Yet this is nt as gd an utcme as it seems. Even when plastics are recyclable and put in a recycling bin, the majrity still ends up in landfill, causing huge emissin prblems, r ends up in the sea.
Recycling is a cmplex, expensive, lw-prfit business. It is made harder because, althugh 95 per cent f peple in the US and EU markets recycle, nly abut 30 per cent recycle carefully enugh fr it t be usable.
Nevertheless, grwing demand fr alternatives t plastic is running ahead f the scientific breakthrughs. These are needed t ensure the envirnmental impact f replacing it is a net psitive. One ppular prpsal—using paper instead f plastic if pssible—hwever culd exacerbates glbal warming, a mre pressing prblem.
Having turned cnsumers int keen recyclers, gvernments must ensure recycling wrk. This will require an internatinally jined-up regulatry, envirnment that ensures manufacturers bear the cst f using nn-recyclable r unecnmical materials.
Equally, cnsumers shuld cntinue t demand a circular plastic ecnmy. This wuld be a wrld in which unnecessary and ec-unfriendly plastic is cmpletely remved, all plastic packaging is 100 per cent reusable r recyclable. The waste must end.
13．What des the secnd paragraph mainly tell us abut?
A．Plastic prductin.B．Life chain.
C．Material substitutin.D．Plastic prblem.
14．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbate’ in the fifth paragraph mean?
A．Affect.B．Better
C．RemveD．Wrsen.
15．What will manufactures have t d withut using recyclable materials?
A．Pay fr the utcme.B．Refund the cnsumers.
C．Abandn their prducts.D．Prvide the recycling stuff.
16．What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A．T infrm us f the plastic prblem.
B．T praise cnsumers' sense f respnsibility.
C．T suggest there is a lng way slving the plastic prblem.
D．T indicate manufacturers shuld create a safer envirnment
Passage5（2021·辽宁大连市·高三开学考试）
We’re lving the sea t death. We swim int it, live near it, build beside it, and even imagine abut living under the sea. Fr much f ur histry, we have turned t “hard engineering” t cntrl the marine envirnment and manage its influence n us. We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these effrts seem t fail, because we’ve nt been thinking abut design f structures with respect t eclgy. Sme castal structures create shade, which reduces the grwth f seaweed. Bright lights at night cntuse species such as turtles. That’s why blue engineering cmes in.
Jhnsn, a marine eclgist, is advcating fr “blue engineering” — the marine versin f the “green engineering” mvement n land that has seen natins like Singapre building the walls and rfs f the cncrete jungle with plant life.
Researchers with the Wrld Harbur Prject are creating tiles similar t the natural structures fund n rcky shres with 3D printing technlgy. These make mre attractive hmes fr marine creatures. Researchers are als actively seeding these tiles with lcal seaweeds and creatures such as the Sydney rck yster, which is particularly gd at imprving water quality. Twelve harbrs arund the wrld are taking part in this marine tile experiment, each wrking with their wn unique marine life.
It’s a far cry frm the days when huge numbers f ld tyres were thrwn int the sea t build “artificial reefs”. Thse early attempts are nw csting millins t remve, shwing just hw far we have yet t g in understanding hw best t c-habit with the underwater wrld.
17．What d we knw abut “hard engineering”?
A．It has imprved sea envirnment.B．It cntrls the influence f sea well.
C．It has failed t achieve its purpse.D．It makes living under the sea pssible.
18．What des the underlined wrd “cntuse” in Paragraph 1 mean？
A．Injure.B．Heat.C．Defend.D．Invlve.
19．Which f the fllwing is a frm f “blue engineering”?
A．Grwing plant life n cncrete buildings.B．Building rcky shres with 3D printers.
C．Creating an artificial reef with ld tyres.D．Building structures benefiting sea creatures.
20．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Tw ways f sea engineering.B．The green engineering mvement.
C．Cnstructin f artificial reefs.D．Research n blue engineering.
Passage6（2021·吉林延边朝鲜族自治州·高三一模）
It culd be said that the nrthernmst part f ur planet hlds the secrets f ur past as well as ur future.
The icy land is，in fact，nt a place fr the weak. This vast land f wilderness is where peple can get up clse t nature's extremes. The place is “n jke”，US phtgrapher Mark Mahaney tld PLAIN Magazine. “When midnight sun is replaced by plar night，everything's different Eyes t the hrizn and it's nthing. And then mre nthing，in every directin. ”
One f the mst harsh，yet mst pristine（原始的）places n Earth，the Arctic has been affected by human activities-explratin，bming turism and mst imprtantly，glbal warming-in recent decades.
But the impact f these changes is nt restricted t the inhabitants f this area alne. In fact, it culd be said that the weight f the wrld relies n this icy regin.
The Earth's steady climate depends n the Arctic's sea ice, which acts as a huge white reflectr at the tp f the planet, buncing sme f the sun's rays back int space. The mre Arctic sea ice melts, the less light is reflected, and the mre the dark ceans will absrb the sun's radiatin. The Arctic als helps circulate cean currents, mving cld and warm water arund the glbe.
With visible changes in the glbal climate, the Arctic has given us a wake-up call-what happens up in the Nrth desn't just stay there. It cmes with a high cst t the wrld at large. It's time fr us t pay attentin t this chilly regin and learn mre abut what's happening there, as well as its past and pssible future.
21．What des the underlined sentence "The place is ‘n jke’” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．The weak are unhappy in the Arctic. B．The natural cnditins are pr in the Arctic.
C．Phtgraphers are nt allwed t take phts. D．Peple are frbidden t make jkes in the Arctic.
22．What has caused the changes in the Arctic?
A．Animals and plants.B．Glbal warming
C．The activities f human beings.D．The scientists' recrds.
23．What is the functin f the Arctic's sea ice?
A．T regulate climate.B．T keep water clean.
C．T attract the sun's rays.D．T supprt the living creatures.
24．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．The Mst Harsh LandB．Changes f the Arctic
C．The Arctic Sending Warning SignalsD．Nature's Extremes Attracting Scientists
Passage 7（2021·黑龙江实验中学高三月考）
Happiness is an abstract cncept. When ne thinks f a typical happy persn, smiling, laughing and cheering are what usually cmes t mind. Hwever, if peple stp smiling r laughing, it desn’t necessarily mean that they are unhappy. Happiness has many different levels, and it is difficult t place the wrd in ne cncrete categry.
Many peple believe as peple grw lder, they will feel mre happiness. Hwever, I just find they are nt always s. When asking my twelve-year-ld sister what made her happy, she initially tld me that sleeping made her happy, and then she lked at me fr a reactin. When I had nne, she changed her answer t fd, then t fashin, and then finally t family. Each time she glanced at me, lking fr affirmatin (肯定) that she had given a "right" answer.
My yunger cusin, wh is even yunger than my sister, gave me an answer that surprised me. It wasn’t eating candy r watching TV that made her happy. It was lve. Cnsidering the clear differences between my sister and cusin in their answers, I came t see that age desn't always largely cntribute t happiness.
Asking my grandmther what brings her happiness, she immediately answered "her family" withut hesitatin. This is smething I expected, as my grandma is always a family-centered persn. This als aligns with her culture, being frm Italy and grwing up during the 50s, where family values were at its highest pint in sciety.
Asking myself this questin, I think carefully abut my answers. Sure, my family, friends and pets make me happy, but s d reading, writing and watching mvies. This is why I have cme t the cnclusin that I have n answer t my wn questin.
There is n ne single thing that makes me the happiest, because, like everybdy, my md depends n many factrs. Happiness depends n external factrs, as well as ne’s persnality and age. This is why I have cme t the cnclusin that the jurney f happiness cannt truly be defined, and that there isn’t ne thing abve all that makes everyne the happiest.
25．What d we knw abut happiness frm Paragraph 1?
A．It is pursued by nearly all peple. B．It’s difficult t describe it with wrds.
C．Its highest level is ften expressed with laughing. D．It may have nthing t d with ne’s expressins.
26．Cmparing her sister’s and cusin’s answers, the authr realized that_____.
A．happiness cmes frm very small things B．age wn’t always bring peple happiness
C．little kids can smetimes give us inspiratin
D．sme abstract things can make peple happier
27．What des the underlined phrase “aligns with” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Is cnsistent with.B．Is beneficial t.
C．Breaks away frm.D．Gets ut f.
28．What cnclusin des the authr draw abut happiness?
A．Happiness is hard t achieve. B．Happiness is determined by many factrs.
C．The happiest peple are ften pen-minded. D．One's family gives him the mst happiness.
Passage 8（2021·湖南永州市·高三二模）
There was a time when the majr cncern with AI safety had been the ne evil super intelligence, reflected in the mvie “The Terminatr”. Hwever, the game “Tacma” takes a different apprach. It assumes that there will be numerus AGI (artificial general intelligence) in the wrld and that any AGI, even a safely designed ne, in the wrng hands at the wrng time culd cause live« t be lst. That's the future that a grwing number f AI safety experts are wrried abut.
This is nt a new idea. In the bk “Engineering a Safer Wrld,” MIT prfessr Nancy G. Levesn addresses cmmn misunderstandings abut safety-critical systems engineering: engineering systems whse failure culd lead t human lss. Such safety-critical technlgies include aviatin, nuclear pwer, autmbiles, heavy chemicals, bitechnlgy, and, f curse, AGI.
S what can be dne?
Technlgy isn’t always the slutin. A famus example is the inventin f snic radars (声波雷达) that were suppsed t help ships detect nearby bstacles, but which nly increased the rate f accidents. Why? Captains sailed faster, thinking they culd get away with it thanks t the new safety technlgy.
Instead f technlgies, Levesn's bk suggests, we shuld be making rganizatinal changes. Additinally, Levesn suggests, amng many cmplicated guidelines, rganizatins shuld be aware that safety guidelines will inevitably becme lax ver time. As a cnsequence, measures shuld be carried ut t prevent ptential disasters.
What lessns can we draw frm cncern with AI safety? The answer may lie in recent disaster narratives (叙述), which remind us that, especially in limes like this, we shuldn't frget the ptential fr ther disasters. Public cnscience really des matter. And if we're all better at thinking abut safety we citizens, maybe we really can prevent disasters.
29．Why des the authr mentined “The Terminatr” in the first paragraph?
A．T aruse readers' interest in The Terminatr.
B．T intrduce the tpic f cncern with AI safely.
C．T mentin the similarity between “The Terminatr” and “Tacma”.
D．T make readers recall the evil super intelligence reflected in the mvie.
30．Why did the rate f ship accidents still increase after the inventin f snic radars?
A．Because captains seldm used them. B．Because the radars failed t wrk prperly.
C．Because captains depended n them t much. D．Because the ships culdn't detect nearby bstacles.
31．What des the underlined wrd “lax” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A．Safe.B．Imprtant.
C．Unreliable.D．Unnecessary.
32．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Disaster preventin Lessns frm AI. B．Safety prblems in mdern sciety.
C．Engineering develpment in mdern days. D．Future applicatins f artificial intelligence.
Passage9 （2021·青海西宁市·高三期末）
I tk ne f the bags frm my car. It was still dark ut. I headed fr a grup f three men, standing arund a tree, prbably using it as a windbreaker. As I walked tward them, ne f them watched me, perhaps questining my mtives. “I thught yu all might need sme fresh new scks,” I said, handing him a pair. He lked cnfused at first but tk them and said, “Thank yu.” I gave him tw mre pairs fr his friends. I mved n. An hur later, I had given ut all the scks. Mst peple were sleeping, and I felt like Santa. On her first day teaching students frm pr families at an after-schl prgram in New Yrk City, Alyssa Kapasi nticed hw many kids were lining up fr free sandwiches and fruit in the schl cafeteria. One f the wrkers explained that many f these students dn’t get enugh t eat at hme, s a schl lunch r an after-schl meal might be the mst fd they wuld get all day.
Kapasi, wh attends private schl, was very surprised. What’s mre, she made up her mind t help. “I want ther kids t understand that if yu see a prblem, yu dn’t have t wait t grw up t fix it,” says Kapasi. She and a grup f friends are nw putting their prgramming skills t wrk t create an app called Fd fr Thught, which will allw parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers t dnate t a lunch accunt fr a student in need at a nearby schl.
Abut 20 millin American kids receive free lunches. Tw millin mre can have lw-price meals, and thse students’ families have t pay fr part f their fd. When they dn’t have the mney n any given day, the students might have t settle fr an “alternative (可替代的) meal” such as a cheese sandwich.
The app — which is getting financial (财政的) supprt frm a GFundMe page — prvides annymity (匿名) t thse wh receive lunch and dnrs. T receive help, a family will need nly a recmmendatin (推荐) frm a schl teacher, and n ne else has t knw.
“I want t make an app that all users feel n shame in using,” says Kapasi. She hpes t test the app in a schl district this fall.
33．Why des Kapasi want t create an app?
A．T teach kids hw t help thers.B．T practise her prgramming skills.
C．T intrduce her schl t the public.D．T slve the prblem f hunger in schls.
34．What des the underlined phrase “settle fr” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Buy.B．Make.C．Accept.D．Offer.
35．What shuld a family d if they want t get help frm Fd fr Thught?
A．Visit a GFundMe page.B．Get in tuch with Kapasi.
C．Be recmmended by teachers.D．Dnate smething else instead.
36．What can we infer abut the users f Kapasi’s app?
A．They wn’t lse face in using it.B．They will make mney by using it.
C．They will knw wh ffers them help.D．They wn’t meet their dnrs until this
Passage 10（2021·湖北武汉市·高三月考）
US and Canadian researchers recently calculated the ttal amunt f the wrld's grundwater and estimated that it is equal t a lake 180 metres deep cvering the entire Earth. This makes grundwater the largest active freshwater resurce n the planet. The team als investigated its age. Hw did they d this?
Humans intrduced a cnvenient time signature n the Earth when we started testing atmic (原子的) weapns. This leaves a time stamp which can be fund in water, rcks and living rganisms. By seeing if radiactivity (放射性) frm atmic bmb testing was present in the grundwater, the researchers culd estimate that abut 6% f this grundwater is yunger than50 years ld. If this water was spread evenly ver the cntinents, then there is just three metres depth f "mdern" grundwater spread equally ver the cntinents.
It culd be argued that if we use nly this "mdem" grundwater, then this is sustainable, as we knw that it has been replaced (r recharged) by natural prcesses ver the last 50years. But hw quickly grundwater recharges changes ver time.
Water has t reach the inside f rcks, either nw r in the past. This means that the amunt f rainfall has t be mre than the amunt f water evaprating (蒸发) frm the land surface, and mre than the amunt f water used by all the plants. When this ccurs, fresh water can recharge the grundwater frm either water "leaking" frm the beds f rivers r frm rainwater that passes thrugh the sil.
In many parts f the wrld we knw that grundwater recharge varies due t natural climate variability such as El Nin. Grundwater recharge will als change with glbal warming.
37．In rder t knw the age f grundwater, we can ________.
A．find its time stampB．test atmic weapns
C．examine its freshnessD．spread grundwater equally
38．What d peple think f the supply f "mdern" grundwater?
A．It's fresh.B．It's limited.C．It's vital.D．It's sufficient.
39．What des the underlined wrd "this" in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Water evaprating.B．Water leaking frm river beds.
C．Water getting int rcks.D．Water being used by all the plants.
40．What are the last three paragraphs mainly talking abut?
A．Climate variability.B．Glbal warming.
C．Grundwater explratin.D．Grundwater sustainability.
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