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考点17 阅读理解应用文 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案
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这是一份考点17 阅读理解应用文 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案，共19页。学案主要包含了2019·全国1卷，2019·全国2卷，文章大意等内容，欢迎下载使用。
制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练
考点17 阅读理解应用文
阅读理解应用文包括广告、招聘、咨询、建议、通知等类型的说明性文章。常考的话题有旅游信息、影视艺术、招聘信息、图书简介、人物介绍等。受文体特点的 限制，应用文设题通常以细节理解题为主，以分析、猜词、篇章为辅。因此，读文章时一班没必要从头到尾仔细阅读。阅读时易采取先题后文的方法。
【2021·全国甲卷，A】
Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd
(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image (图像).
Timothy Smith
(2014)
Macclesfield Forest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view?
A. Writers. B. Photographers.
C. Painters. D. Tourists.
2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common?
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow-covered forests.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book. B. In a novel.
C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
解析：这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了“Take a view”摄影大赛及两项参赛作品。
1. B 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.”可知，对于来自英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度比赛。故选B项。
2. A 细节理解题。由第一个作品中的“It was an extremely cold winter’s evening”和第二个作品中的“I was back in my home town...take some winter images.”可知，它们都是关于冬天的图像作品。故选A项。
3. C 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了“Take a view”摄影大赛及两项参赛作品，因此本文极可能出现在“艺术杂志”中，而不是出现在“历史书(history book)”、“小说(novel)”或“传记(biography)”中，故选C项。
【2021·全国乙卷，A】
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium are continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
•Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
•Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927.
•Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, I960.
•Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
•Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
1.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?
A.104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
2.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
3.What do the listed stadiums have in common?
A. They host big games.
B. They have become tourist attractions
C. They were built by Americans.
D. They are favored by architects
解析：本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了当今世界上最大的体育馆。
1. D。直接信息题。根据题干定位到文章第一段的However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people可知，Circus Maximus能容纳大约25万人，故选D项。
2. C。间接信息题。根据题干“下面哪个是最古老的体育场？”可知定位到文中介绍的每一个体育馆中所涉及的开放时间，分析判断得出正确答案为C项。因为Ohio Stadium开放的时间是1922年10月7日。
3. A。间接信息题。根据文章第四段中的All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.可知，所有这些体育场馆仍然在运转，仍然开放，并且仍然举办世界体育界最大的赛事。故正确答案为A项
阅读理解应用文考点类型解题
阅读理解应用文的解题技巧
1. 读题干，定关键
先读试题题干，确定题干关键词，可以用笔画出来，一般是疑问词、名词（尤其是专有名词）、形容词等实词等。
2. 题干定向
带着题干关键词通过跳读、略读定位答案范围，特别注意文章标题、小标题、段首断尾句、同现词、同意替换词，归纳事实等。
3. 分析答案源头，比较选项，做出正确答案。
做阅读理解题，切不可凭主观印象，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以在原文中找到相关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。做题人的思维过程和编题人的思维过程恰好相反，编题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比较，排除错误选项，得出最佳答案。
1、【2021·全国新高考1卷，A】
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社). The hostels in Rome offer bed in dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location ( with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It's affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it's close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There's also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you're looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn't charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
1.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel? A. Comfort. B. Security. C. Price. D. Location.
2.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It's inconveniently located.
2、【2020·全国卷I，A】
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property（失物招领）
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
Depart
Origin
Destination
Arrive
6:42pm
Altandi
Varsity Lakes
7:37pm
7:29pm
Central
Varsity Lakes
8:52pm
8:57pm
Fortitude Valley
Varsity Lakes
9:52pm
11:02pm
Roma Street
Varsity Lakes
12:22am
1. What would you do to get ticket information?
A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink.com.au.
C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule.
2. At which station can you find the lost property office?
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
3. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A.6:42 pm. B.7:29 pm. C.8:57 pm. D.11:02 pm.
3、【2020·全国卷II，A】
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape（景观）. Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open：29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop：10.30-17.00（16.00 in Oct）.
House：11.15-16.00（15.00 in Oct）.
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30 -17.00 Summer.10.30 -16.00 Winter.
Town：Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 17.00, Sun 11.00 – 17.00.
Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 16.30, Sun 12.00 – 16.30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09.30 – 17.30 (last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
1. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A.09.30—17.30. B.10.30—16.00. C.11.15—16.00. D.12.00—16.30.
2. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?
A. Enjoy Ronney’s works. B. Have some interactive fun.
C. Attend a famous festival. D. Learn the history of a family
3. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?
A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere.
4、【2020·全国卷III，A】
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence(13days)
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed(瓦屋顶)villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain(15days)
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香)of oranges，but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks，Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo，Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes(21days)
Discover the China of past ages，its walled cities，temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights(精彩之处)include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzbou’s rolling hills，waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia(17days)
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga，the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata，uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
1. What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain？
A. Historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings. D. Greek buildings.
2. Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about？
A. France. B. Spain. C. China. D. Tunisia.
3. Which of the following highlight the Tunisian tour？
A. White towns. B. Underground cities. C. Tile-roofed villages. D. Rolling hills.
5、【2020·新高考全国卷 A】
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D. C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo.
C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
6、【2019·全国1卷】
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs． The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program．
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round．
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program． Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training．
Who is eligible： Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）．
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses．
Who is eligible：Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall．
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer．
Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year．
Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups．
Who is eligible： Students aged 15 or older．Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability．
1．What is special about Summer Company?
A．It requires no training before employment．
B．It provides awards for running new businesses．
C．It allows one to work in the natural environment．
D．It offers more summer job opportunities．
2．What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A．15-18． B．15-24． C．15-29． D．16-17．
3．Which program favors the disabled?
A．Jobs for Youth． B．Summer Company．
C．Stewardship Youth Ranger Progra． D．Summer Employment Opportunities．
7、【2019·全国2卷】
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books． Here she picks her top reads．
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words． Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational．
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It’s about two sisters — Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student． In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets．
Gone Girl
Gillian Flynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant． There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust． It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable．
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around． After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99．4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left． Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever．
21．Who does "I" refer to in the text?
A．Stephen King． B．Gillian Flynn． C．Jo Usmar． D．Roald Dahl．
22．Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?
A．Cosmopolitan． B．Matilda． C．After Dark． D．The Stand．
23．What kind of book is Gone Girl?
A．A folk tale． B．A biography． C．A love story． D．A horror story．
8、【2019·全国2卷】
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami（折纸术）artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio． Merri Milwe directs． In previews． Opens Feb．12．（West Park Presbyterian Church,165 W．86th St．212-868-4444．）
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years．Stephen Daldry directs．Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey． Previews begin Feb．14．（Schoenfeld，236 W．45th St．212-239-6200．）
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story． Thomas Kail directs． In previews． Opens Feb．17．（Public，425 Lafayette St．212-967-7555．）
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey． Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company． Previews begin Feb．12．（American Airlines Theatre, 227 W．42nd St．212-719-1300．）
21．What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?．
A．A type of art． B．A teenager's studio．
C．A great teacher． D．A group of animals．
22．Who is the director of The Audience?
A．Helen Mirren． B．Peter Morgan．
C．Dylan Baker． D．Stephen Daldry．
23．Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
A．Animals Out of Paper． B．The Audience．
C．Hamilton． D．On the Twentieth Century．
1、【2021·全国新高考1卷，A】
【文章大意】本文为应用文，主要介绍罗马四个旅行社的特色。
1. C。直接信息题。根据题干the major concern和choose to stay in a hostel定位到第一段第一句Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to staying a hostel（罗马对旅行者花费来说很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因）可知，旅行者选择住旅社的原因最主要是考虑价格问题，故答案选择C项。开始可能会根据常识经验而不是文章实际内容错选B项。
2. B。直接信息题。根据题干enjoy an active social life定位到Hostel Alessandro Palace段落第一句If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，在罗马本旅社最适合你），可知答案选择B项。Yellow Hostel段落讲到有趣氛围，不太吵；Youth Station Hostel段落谈到房间里既有空调、有暖气及免费无线网络等设备；Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes段落谈到工作人员友好、乐于助人、提供各种服务均与题干讲到喜欢社交生活无关，故排除A、C、D项。
3. C。间接信息题。根据题干定位到Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes段落However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi，理解可知，该旅社需要支付2欧元一天的网络使用，应该是旅社的缺陷，故答案选择C项。距离市中心车站近不一定吵，工作人员友好又乐于助人和距离市中心车站近是优点，故排除A、B、D项。
2、【2020·全国卷I，A】
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。
1. C细节理解题。根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。
2. B细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。
3. B细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。
3、【2020·全国卷II，A】
【文章大意】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。
1. C细节理解题。根据题干中的Dalemain Mansion& Historic Gardens 可知定位在第一部分，根据段中的House:11:15-16:00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11:15-16:00。C. 11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选C项。
2. A细节理解题。根据题干中的Abbot Hall Art Gallery& Museum可知答案定位在第二部分，根据其中的The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.(令人印象深刻的永久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romneys的作品。A. Enjoy Romney’s works.(欣赏Romneys的作品)符合以上说法，故选A项。
3. D细节理解题。根据题干中的explore Wordsworth’s life可知答案定位在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行Town: Grasmere可知，如果想了解Wordsworth’s的生活，可以去Grasmere。D. Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选D项。
4、【2020·全国卷III，A】
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。
1. A细节理解题。根据第一部分的We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. (我们将参观一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹)和第二部分的we explore historical monuments and architecture.(我们探索历史遗迹和建筑)可知，在Classical Provence 和Southern Spain游客们可以参观历史遗迹。A. Historical monuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选A项。
2. C推理判断题。根据第三部分的China's Sacred Landscapes (21days)(中华神山 21天)和Discover the China of ''past ages'', its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof Robert Thorp. Highlights include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples (和Robert教授一起发现中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和宁静的寺庙)可知，去中国的神山之行总共有27天，而且Thorp对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测Thorp在这四个国家里最了解中国。C. China(中国)符合以上说法，故选C项。
3. B细节理解题。根据第四部分的Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Mumidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Taraounine and Matmata, unique for underground cities.(突尼斯的旅游亮点包括罗马城市Dougga，地下城市Mumidian,它是Bulla Regia的首府，Roman Sbeitla以及在Taraounine和Matmata附近的区域，它们是独特的地下城市)可知，突尼斯的旅游亮点是地下城市。B. Underground cities(地下城市)符合以上说法，故选B项。
5、【2020·全国卷III，A】
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。
1. A细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
2. C细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。
3. B细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120字的诗)是会被取消资格的。故选B。
6、【2019·全国1卷】
【文章大意】 本文介绍了学生在暑期可以兼职的四个项目。
1．B根据Summer Company中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses”可知，这个项目给创业的学生提供高达三千美元的奖金。Summer Company并没有提到在工作前不需要培训，故可排除A项；Summer Company没有提到工作环境，因此可排除C项；对比四个项目可知，这四个项目都是关于暑期工作的信息，Summer Company并没有提供更多的工作信息，因此可排除D项。
2．D本题问Stewardship Youth Ranger Program要求的参与活动的学生的年龄范围。根据本部分中的“Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year”可知，学生的年龄应该在16–17岁，故选D。选项A的15–18是Jobs for Youth的年龄要求；选项 B的15–24属于Summer Employment Opportunities某些职位对参与者年龄的要求；选项C的15–29是Summer Company对参与者年龄的要求。这三项都不符合题目的要求。
3．D题干问：哪一个项目对残疾人特别照顾？根据文章的最后一句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”可知：Summer Employment Opportunities对残疾人特别照顾，故选D。其他三个项目均未提到残疾人，因此可排除其他三个选项。
7、【2019·全国2卷】
【文章大意】本文介绍了最喜欢的四本书。
1．C【解析】由标题以及第一段最后一句话“Here she picks her top reads”可知，文章是以的口吻进行写作的。故选C。
2．C【解析】根据部分中的“It’s about two sisters - Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student”可知解析为C。
3．D【解析】根据部分中的“but the horror story is brilliant”可知解析为D。
8、【2019·全国2卷】
【文章大意】本文主要预告了四出戏剧的梗概及演出信息。
1．A【解析】根据第一出戏剧的名称及该部分中的“Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami（折纸术）artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio”可知答案。
2．D【解析】题干问的是“谁执导了The Audience?”。根据该部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs”可知答案。
3．C【解析】根据第三出戏剧Hamilton首句“Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story”可知，Hamilton是关于美国历史的戏剧。
制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练
考点17 阅读理解应用文
阅读理解应用文包括广告、招聘、咨询、建议、通知等类型的说明性文章。常考的话题有旅游信息、影视艺术、招聘信息、图书简介、人物介绍等。受文体特点的 限制，应用文设题通常以细节理解题为主，以分析、猜词、篇章为辅。因此，读文章时一班没必要从头到尾仔细阅读。阅读时易采取先题后文的方法。
【2021·全国甲卷，A】
Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd
(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image (图像).
Timothy Smith
(2014)
Macclesfield Forest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view?
A. Writers. B. Photographers.
C. Painters. D. Tourists.
2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common?
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow-covered forests.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book. B. In a novel.
C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
解析：这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了“Take a view”摄影大赛及两项参赛作品。
1. B 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.”可知，对于来自英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度比赛。故选B项。
2. A 细节理解题。由第一个作品中的“It was an extremely cold winter’s evening”和第二个作品中的“I was back in my home town...take some winter images.”可知，它们都是关于冬天的图像作品。故选A项。
3. C 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了“Take a view”摄影大赛及两项参赛作品，因此本文极可能出现在“艺术杂志”中，而不是出现在“历史书(history book)”、“小说(novel)”或“传记(biography)”中，故选C项。
【2021·全国乙卷，A】
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium are continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
•Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
•Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927.
•Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, I960.
•Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
•Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
1.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?
A.104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
2.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
3.What do the listed stadiums have in common?
A. They host big games.
B. They have become tourist attractions
C. They were built by Americans.
D. They are favored by architects
解析：本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了当今世界上最大的体育馆。
1. D。直接信息题。根据题干定位到文章第一段的However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people可知，Circus Maximus能容纳大约25万人，故选D项。
2. C。间接信息题。根据题干“下面哪个是最古老的体育场？”可知定位到文中介绍的每一个体育馆中所涉及的开放时间，分析判断得出正确答案为C项。因为Ohio Stadium开放的时间是1922年10月7日。
3. A。间接信息题。根据文章第四段中的All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.可知，所有这些体育场馆仍然在运转，仍然开放，并且仍然举办世界体育界最大的赛事。故正确答案为A项
阅读理解应用文考点类型解题
阅读理解应用文的解题技巧
1. 读题干，定关键
先读试题题干，确定题干关键词，可以用笔画出来，一般是疑问词、名词（尤其是专有名词）、形容词等实词等。
2. 题干定向
带着题干关键词通过跳读、略读定位答案范围，特别注意文章标题、小标题、段首断尾句、同现词、同意替换词，归纳事实等。
3. 分析答案源头，比较选项，做出正确答案。
做阅读理解题，切不可凭主观印象，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以在原文中找到相关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。做题人的思维过程和编题人的思维过程恰好相反，编题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比较，排除错误选项，得出最佳答案。
1、【2021·全国新高考1卷，A】
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社). The hostels in Rome offer bed in dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location ( with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It's affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it's close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There's also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you're looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn't charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
1.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel? A. Comfort. B. Security. C. Price. D. Location.
2.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It's inconveniently located.
2、【2020·全国卷I，A】
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property（失物招领）
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
Depart
Origin
Destination
Arrive
6:42pm
Altandi
Varsity Lakes
7:37pm
7:29pm
Central
Varsity Lakes
8:52pm
8:57pm
Fortitude Valley
Varsity Lakes
9:52pm
11:02pm
Roma Street
Varsity Lakes
12:22am
1. What would you do to get ticket information?
A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink.com.au.
C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule.
2. At which station can you find the lost property office?
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
3. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A.6:42 pm. B.7:29 pm. C.8:57 pm. D.11:02 pm.
3、【2020·全国卷II，A】
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape（景观）. Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open：29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop：10.30-17.00（16.00 in Oct）.
House：11.15-16.00（15.00 in Oct）.
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30 -17.00 Summer.10.30 -16.00 Winter.
Town：Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 17.00, Sun 11.00 – 17.00.
Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 16.30, Sun 12.00 – 16.30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09.30 – 17.30 (last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
1. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A.09.30—17.30. B.10.30—16.00. C.11.15—16.00. D.12.00—16.30.
2. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?
A. Enjoy Ronney’s works. B. Have some interactive fun.
C. Attend a famous festival. D. Learn the history of a family
3. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?
A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere.
4、【2020·全国卷III，A】
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence(13days)
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed(瓦屋顶)villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain(15days)
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香)of oranges，but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks，Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo，Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes(21days)
Discover the China of past ages，its walled cities，temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights(精彩之处)include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzbou’s rolling hills，waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia(17days)
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga，the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata，uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
1. What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain？
A. Historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings. D. Greek buildings.
2. Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about？
A. France. B. Spain. C. China. D. Tunisia.
3. Which of the following highlight the Tunisian tour？
A. White towns. B. Underground cities. C. Tile-roofed villages. D. Rolling hills.
5、【2020·新高考全国卷 A】
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D. C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo.
C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
6、【2019·全国1卷】
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs． The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program．
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round．
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program． Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training．
Who is eligible： Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）．
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses．
Who is eligible：Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall．
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer．
Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year．
Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups．
Who is eligible： Students aged 15 or older．Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability．
1．What is special about Summer Company?
A．It requires no training before employment．
B．It provides awards for running new businesses．
C．It allows one to work in the natural environment．
D．It offers more summer job opportunities．
2．What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A．15-18． B．15-24． C．15-29． D．16-17．
3．Which program favors the disabled?
A．Jobs for Youth． B．Summer Company．
C．Stewardship Youth Ranger Progra． D．Summer Employment Opportunities．
7、【2019·全国2卷】
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books． Here she picks her top reads．
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words． Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational．
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It’s about two sisters — Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student． In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets．
Gone Girl
Gillian Flynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant． There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust． It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable．
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around． After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99．4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left． Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever．
21．Who does "I" refer to in the text?
A．Stephen King． B．Gillian Flynn． C．Jo Usmar． D．Roald Dahl．
22．Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?
A．Cosmopolitan． B．Matilda． C．After Dark． D．The Stand．
23．What kind of book is Gone Girl?
A．A folk tale． B．A biography． C．A love story． D．A horror story．
8、【2019·全国2卷】
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami（折纸术）artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio． Merri Milwe directs． In previews． Opens Feb．12．（West Park Presbyterian Church,165 W．86th St．212-868-4444．）
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years．Stephen Daldry directs．Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey． Previews begin Feb．14．（Schoenfeld，236 W．45th St．212-239-6200．）
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story． Thomas Kail directs． In previews． Opens Feb．17．（Public，425 Lafayette St．212-967-7555．）
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey． Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company． Previews begin Feb．12．（American Airlines Theatre, 227 W．42nd St．212-719-1300．）
21．What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?．
A．A type of art． B．A teenager's studio．
C．A great teacher． D．A group of animals．
22．Who is the director of The Audience?
A．Helen Mirren． B．Peter Morgan．
C．Dylan Baker． D．Stephen Daldry．
23．Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
A．Animals Out of Paper． B．The Audience．
C．Hamilton． D．On the Twentieth Century．
1、【2021·全国新高考1卷，A】
【文章大意】本文为应用文，主要介绍罗马四个旅行社的特色。
1. C。直接信息题。根据题干the major concern和choose to stay in a hostel定位到第一段第一句Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to staying a hostel（罗马对旅行者花费来说很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因）可知，旅行者选择住旅社的原因最主要是考虑价格问题，故答案选择C项。开始可能会根据常识经验而不是文章实际内容错选B项。
2. B。直接信息题。根据题干enjoy an active social life定位到Hostel Alessandro Palace段落第一句If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，在罗马本旅社最适合你），可知答案选择B项。Yellow Hostel段落讲到有趣氛围，不太吵；Youth Station Hostel段落谈到房间里既有空调、有暖气及免费无线网络等设备；Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes段落谈到工作人员友好、乐于助人、提供各种服务均与题干讲到喜欢社交生活无关，故排除A、C、D项。
3. C。间接信息题。根据题干定位到Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes段落However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi，理解可知，该旅社需要支付2欧元一天的网络使用，应该是旅社的缺陷，故答案选择C项。距离市中心车站近不一定吵，工作人员友好又乐于助人和距离市中心车站近是优点，故排除A、B、D项。
2、【2020·全国卷I，A】
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。
1. C细节理解题。根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。
2. B细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。
3. B细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。
3、【2020·全国卷II，A】
【文章大意】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。
1. C细节理解题。根据题干中的Dalemain Mansion& Historic Gardens 可知定位在第一部分，根据段中的House:11:15-16:00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11:15-16:00。C. 11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选C项。
2. A细节理解题。根据题干中的Abbot Hall Art Gallery& Museum可知答案定位在第二部分，根据其中的The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.(令人印象深刻的永久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romneys的作品。A. Enjoy Romney’s works.(欣赏Romneys的作品)符合以上说法，故选A项。
3. D细节理解题。根据题干中的explore Wordsworth’s life可知答案定位在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行Town: Grasmere可知，如果想了解Wordsworth’s的生活，可以去Grasmere。D. Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选D项。
4、【2020·全国卷III，A】
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。
1. A细节理解题。根据第一部分的We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. (我们将参观一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹)和第二部分的we explore historical monuments and architecture.(我们探索历史遗迹和建筑)可知，在Classical Provence 和Southern Spain游客们可以参观历史遗迹。A. Historical monuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选A项。
2. C推理判断题。根据第三部分的China's Sacred Landscapes (21days)(中华神山 21天)和Discover the China of ''past ages'', its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof Robert Thorp. Highlights include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples (和Robert教授一起发现中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和宁静的寺庙)可知，去中国的神山之行总共有27天，而且Thorp对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测Thorp在这四个国家里最了解中国。C. China(中国)符合以上说法，故选C项。
3. B细节理解题。根据第四部分的Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Mumidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Taraounine and Matmata, unique for underground cities.(突尼斯的旅游亮点包括罗马城市Dougga，地下城市Mumidian,它是Bulla Regia的首府，Roman Sbeitla以及在Taraounine和Matmata附近的区域，它们是独特的地下城市)可知，突尼斯的旅游亮点是地下城市。B. Underground cities(地下城市)符合以上说法，故选B项。
5、【2020·全国卷III，A】
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。
1. A细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
2. C细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。
3. B细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120字的诗)是会被取消资格的。故选B。
6、【2019·全国1卷】
【文章大意】 本文介绍了学生在暑期可以兼职的四个项目。
1．B根据Summer Company中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses”可知，这个项目给创业的学生提供高达三千美元的奖金。Summer Company并没有提到在工作前不需要培训，故可排除A项；Summer Company没有提到工作环境，因此可排除C项；对比四个项目可知，这四个项目都是关于暑期工作的信息，Summer Company并没有提供更多的工作信息，因此可排除D项。
2．D本题问Stewardship Youth Ranger Program要求的参与活动的学生的年龄范围。根据本部分中的“Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year”可知，学生的年龄应该在16–17岁，故选D。选项A的15–18是Jobs for Youth的年龄要求；选项 B的15–24属于Summer Employment Opportunities某些职位对参与者年龄的要求；选项C的15–29是Summer Company对参与者年龄的要求。这三项都不符合题目的要求。
3．D题干问：哪一个项目对残疾人特别照顾？根据文章的最后一句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”可知：Summer Employment Opportunities对残疾人特别照顾，故选D。其他三个项目均未提到残疾人，因此可排除其他三个选项。
7、【2019·全国2卷】
【文章大意】本文介绍了最喜欢的四本书。
1．C【解析】由标题以及第一段最后一句话“Here she picks her top reads”可知，文章是以的口吻进行写作的。故选C。
2．C【解析】根据部分中的“It’s about two sisters - Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student”可知解析为C。
3．D【解析】根据部分中的“but the horror story is brilliant”可知解析为D。
8、【2019·全国2卷】
【文章大意】本文主要预告了四出戏剧的梗概及演出信息。
1．A【解析】根据第一出戏剧的名称及该部分中的“Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami（折纸术）artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio”可知答案。
2．D【解析】题干问的是“谁执导了The Audience?”。根据该部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs”可知答案。
3．C【解析】根据第三出戏剧Hamilton首句“Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story”可知，Hamilton是关于美国历史的戏剧。
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