广东省（梅县东山中学 广州五中 珠海二中 佛山三中）四校2021-2022学年高三第二次联考英语试题（含答案）

2022届广东省四校高三第二次联考

英语试题（2022.2）

本试卷共9页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。

注意事项:

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人相符及考试科目也相符后，将条形码粘贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。

2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3.作答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，不得折叠答题卡。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Travelling with an assistance dog

You are able to carry an assistance dog free of charge in the cabin of all our flights. Here’s more information about how to plan and book your flight with your assistance dog.

Identification of your assistance dog

For your assistance dog to travel safely in the aircraft with you in the cabin on British Airways, your assistance dog must:

●be trained to assist you with a disability or medical condition

●have documentary evidence confirming that it has been trained as an assistance dog

●wear an identifying jacket/harness

●remain under your control at all times

If your dog does not meet these criteria, it will need to travel as a domestic pet.

Booking your assistance dog

It’s currently not possible to book this service online as we need additional information to enable us to confirm your assistance dog for travel. You will need to book your assistance dog at the same time that you book your ticket and when possible at least fourteen days prior to your travel date. If you’ve already booked your flight and you wish to travel with your assistance dog, you will need to contact us to add your assistance dog, at least fourteen days too.

Contact information

You can reach us daily for booking from 06: 00 to 20: 00 (GMT) at 0344 493 0787, option 3(calls are charged at local rate). If you have a hearing or speech defect (缺陷), you can contact us at 0845 700 7706, or you can send us a message by selecting the “Email us” tab and filling out the provided form. If your flight has been cancelled and you’re calling about a refund, or you need to speak to us directly, please call us at 0800 727 800 from within the UK, or+ 44(0) 203 250 0145 from abroad.

1. Who can travel together with an assistance dog in the flight cabin?

A. A blind man B. An air hostess C. An animal specialist D. A pet shop owner

2. When should you book your assistance dog at the latest?

A. Fourteen days before booking your ticket. B. Two weeks before setting out

C On the travel date D. At any available time.

3. Which number should you dial if you want to return your ticket in New Zealand?

A. 03444930787. B. 08457007706.

C. 0800727800. D. + 44(0)2032500145.

【答案】1. A    2. B    3. D

B

It's a warm June afternoon, and in a group of bushes and trees, a bird sings. A small insect climbs over a leaf. The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-storey building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court: before it was planted in 2018, the area wasa parking place. The forest is one of seven such extremely small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 across the Netherlands. By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, the organization proposing the country's initiative, there will be 200.

Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the concept has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges. Its a very practical way to do something positive in the light of climate change and loss of biodiversity.

Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning. said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. "One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighborhood," Schenkels said.

Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots. Maintenance of the forests occasionally involves removing aggressive weeds, but in general new plant species, such as wild flowers that appear, are allowed to grow.

4. What is special about the Muzickplein forest?

A. It is newly planted. B. It sits in an urban area.

C. It grows along a railway. D. It is shaped like a basketball court.

5. What's the purpose of the Tiny Forest initiative?

A. To make people realize environmental challenges.

B. To increase the Netherlands' biodiversity.

C. To make nature more accessible to children.

D. To call for action on climate change.

6. What does paragraph 3 focus on?

A. Benefits of mini-forests in cities. B. Ways to keep neighborhoods green.

C. Inspiration for planting forests in cities. D. Importance of being exposed to nature.

7. How does the author state the forests' effect on biodiversity?

A. By doing experiments. B. By giving examples.

C. By listing figures. D. By making comparisons.

【答案】4. B    5. C    6. A    7. C

C

It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964, a Boeing KC-135 refuelling tanker, based on the 707. But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.

For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions.

For the next two hours the Boeings flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lost its reason, shooting upwards towards the heavens before moving down towards Earth. The intention was to achieve weightlessness for a few seconds.

The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45-degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut out and we became weightless. Everything became confused, and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (下降) the pilot pulled aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but it was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.

Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it was the Dutch, who wanted to discover why cats always land on their feet. Then it was the German team, who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.

After two hours of going up and down in the plane doing experiments, the dominant feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one that would be keen to repeat.

8. What did the pilot do with the plane?

A. He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.

B. He climbed and then made the plane turn over.

C. He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.

D. He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.

9. What was the point of being weightless?

A. To show the judges of the competition what they could do.

B. To prepare the young scientists for future work in space.

C. To see what conditions are like in space.

D. To allow the teams to try out their ideas.

10. The pronoun “it” (in the last paragraph) refers to ________.

A. the excitement B. the trip

C. the opportunity D. the plane

11. The passage is intended to ________.

A. report on a new scientific technique

B. encourage young people to take science

C. show scientists what young people can do

D. describe the outcome of a scientific competition

【答案】8. C    9. D    10. B    11. D

D

It came as no surprise that being interrupted by other people can have negative effects, like lowered productivity. But a new study shows an upside to these interruptions at work: increased feelings of belonging.

Researchers led by Harshad Puranik at the University of Illinois at Chicago looked at this common workplace phenomenon from two aspects. First, interruptions get in the way of completing assignments and require employees to repeatedly switch attention between tasks. That's where the negative effects of interruptions happen. However, beyond the task-based aspect, the group found that being interrupted by others has a social component to it — social interaction with the interrupter that can have a positive effect on the interrupted employees. "If the past year of social distancing and separation has shown us anything, it is that humans are social beings who have an inherent (内在的) need for interacting with others," said Puranik.

Building on previous research on work interruptions, the researchers surveyed 111 full-time employees twice a day once at lunch and once at the end of their workday for three weeks. While there were downsides to interruptions al work, like raising levels of stress and lowering people’s energy, there was an upside, the researchers found. Employees felt more like they belonged, which eventually allowed them to get more pleasure from their work routines.

The study found something else on top of this. The social aspect of work interruptions also weakened the negative impact that the switching of tasks during interruptions had on employees job satisfaction. This means that, intend of the negative experience, being interrupted at work can be "a net positive for the well-being of employees, "according to Puranik. Therefore, the researchers urge managers to better manage rather than completely prohibit work interruptions.

12. Why does the author mention Puranik's words in Paragraph 2?

A. To introduce a new argument. B. To make his points more persuasive.

C. To summarize the whole paragraph. D. To provide some advice for the readers.

13. What did researchers find about work interruptions in social aspect?

A. They caused more anxiety. B. They improved work-life balance.

C. They lowered labor productivity. D. They led to higher job satisfaction.

14. Who is the text intended for?

A. Employers. B. Employees. C. Job seekers. D. Interviewers.

15. What's the best title of the text?

A Scientific Management Counts B. Ways of Staying Focused at Work

C. Interruptions at Work Bring Positive Sides D. Reasons for Avoiding Interruptions at Work

【答案】12. B    13. D    14. A    15. C

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

What Can We See in a Logo?

We see hundreds of logos on signs, vehicles, websites, and even on the clothes we wear. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to that image. ___16___

Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw the Apple logo purely from memory. Surprisingly, only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory. ___17___

Researchers have developed a theory that they think might help to explain this blind spot in our memories.

Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize with a quick glance. ___18___ This process is known as “attentional saturation (注意力饱和).” Our brains actually signal us to ignore information we don’t think we will need to remember.

Even though the brain is accustomed to ignoring unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. ___19___ This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist (梗概) memory. It means that our brain remembers the basic idea without all of the details. This general sense of memory has its own benefits. In fact, familiarity with a popular logo can even make people feel more comfortable about purchasing or using certain products.

Logos are everywhere we look today. A fancy design or a thoughtful color combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to consider. ___20___ A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details—especially if our brains have anything to say about it.

A. This may be inspiring to logo designers.

B People will know the product behind the logo.

C. So why is it so difficult for people to recall the details of images?

D. Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them.

E. When we see images such as logos over and over again, we become familiar with them.

F. Logo designers need to know that people will only remember what they believe is worthwhile.

G. However, recently research supports the idea that remembering what a logo looks like is a very difficult task.

【答案】16. G    17. C    18. D    19. E    20. F

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Do you remember how you felt the first time you rode bike?  What about your first heartbreak? ____21____ moments and the emotions they arouse can resonate in our minds for decades, powerfully shaping who we are as individuals. But for those who experience severe trauma (创伤), such painful memories can leave people with life-changing mental conditions. So, what if traumatic memories did not have to cause so much ____22____ ? For now, the work is happening in mice.

Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram--a physical change in brain tissue ____23____ a particular recollection. While at MIT in 2013, Steve Ramirez of Boston University and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that ____24____ one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work, mice ____25____ in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance.

In their current work, Ramirez and his colleagues are investigating whether ____26____ memories can be “overwritten" by positive ones. In their experiments, positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. After a surgical operation on the mice, the researchers find that ____27____ positive memories while mouse is in a cage makes it less fearful. They think that this memory "retraining" may be helping to ____28____ some of the mouse's trauma. ____29____ , it is unclear whether those original fear memories are completely lost or just suppressed (抑制).

_____30_____ Ramirez's team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary (初步的), they see treatment potential for humans down the road. Those suffering from PTSD or depression could have their memories _____31_____ , for instance, so that they don't have a strong _____32_____ response to painful recollections.

If it's one day possible to alter human memory, who should be allowed to receive that treatment? And would the _____33_____ system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime? These are questions New York University bioethicist (生物伦理学家) Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about before the technology is ready for human clinical settings.

As neuroscientists progress with their research, they say these _____34_____ issues are being taken into account. Ramirez sees the idea of _____35_____ memories as neither good nor bad. Like water, it just depends on how you use it.

21. A. Forgettable B. Memorable C. Sustainable D. Believable

22. A. dignity B. struggle C. pain D. movement

23 A. associated with B. exchanged for C. sentenced to D. rid of

24. A. put off B. pick up C. turn on D. make up

25. A. reacted B. hurried C. stunned D. resolved

26. A. short - term B. negative C. enjoyable D. reliable

27. A. deleting B. decreasing C. activating D. pausing

28. A. recreate B. erase C. liberate D. memorize

29. A. However B. Besides C. Indeed D. Therefore

30. A. Since B. Unless C. Until D. While

31. A. removed B. strengthened C. altered D. stimulated

32. A. emotional B. physical C. controversial D. mechanical

33. A. immune B. justice C. medical D. commerce

34. A. mental B. equality C. criminal D. ethical

35. A. killing B. multiplying C. controlling D. justifying

【答案】21. B    22. C    23. A    24. D    25. A    26. B    27. C    28. B    29. A    30. D    31. C    32. A    33. B    34. D    35. C

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In recent years, climate change in the Arctic has drawn many scientists' attention. Both research and ____36____(explore) in the Arctic are fundamental to understanding and dealing with climate change issues. With the melting of Arctic ice, the polar region could provide an opportunity to ____37____(well) understand the effects of global warming. The Arctic is ____38____great importance, among other things, for the environment, trade, investment, energy and security. It is estimated____39____（have) a quarter of the world's oil and natural gas. China has a clear Arctic policy, explained in a White Paper, ____40____corresponds well with the concept of a "Polar Silk Road".

Thanks to global warming, Arctic ice is melting,____41____(open) up the possibility of a "Northern shipping route" via the Northwest, Central and Northeast ____42____ (passage). Shipping time between China and Europe via the Arctic would be shorter than ____43____ existing one through the Indian Ocean and Suez Canal. At though this does not mean the ‘Northern route" would replace these established ones, it would represent a new chance, ____44____ (particular) in the trade of energy and minerals. As issued in the white paper, great importance _____45_____ (attach) to voyage security in the Arctic shipping routes and studies on the routes by China these years.

【答案】36. exploration   

37. better    38. of   

39. to have   

40. which    41. opening   

42. passages   

43. the    44. particularly   

45. has been attached

第三部分   写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）

46. 假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Michael正在一家孔子学院学习汉语和中国文化，知道中国人很重视家风传承．他在给你的电子邮件中想了解你家的家风以及家风对你的影响．请你给他回复一封电子邮件．开头已经给出，不计入总词数．

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．

3．参考词汇：家风family spirits

Dear Michael,

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Michael，

I'm glad to know that you are learning Chiness language and culture．In your email you said that you wanted to know something about my family spirits．（高分句型一）Well，there are many good qualities that have been passed from generation to generation in my family．My pareents always lay emphasis on the importance of honesty，bravery，perseverance and diligence and they have set good examples for me and my brother．

My family spirits have a profound influence on me．（高分句型二）I'm always friendly to others and am always ready to help others．（高分句型三）I always cheer up and never stop chasing my goal even though I meet with difficulties．Owing great thanks to those good qualities，I have made great achievements in my study and life．

Yours，

Li Hua．

第二节 读后续写（满分25分）

47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

I have been in the teaching profession more than thirty years, and one of the best teachers I have ever known was Mr Rowe. I was lucky enough to co-teach fourth grade with him. Mr Rowe had infinite patience and understanding and I learned so much from him. He could perform miracles, like the one he performed with Steven, one of the unhappiest kids I had ever seen. Steven couldn't stand school. He didn't like the kids who raised their hands and knew all the answers, and most importantly, he didn't like himself.

The first day he walked into Mr Rowe's classroom, he ignored the other students, looking angry and annoyed, and slid into his chair, knocking a couple of textbooks onto the floor. Mr Rowe walked over to him and touched Steven's shoulder, but Steven pulled away. Nevertheless, Mr Rowe welcomed him, “Hi, Steven. I'm happy you are in my class. We are gonna have a great year.” Steven looked around the room as if Mr Rowe must be mistaken. No teacher in his right mind would want Steven to be part of his classroom. So, while Mr Rowe seemed cheerful and relaxed that day of school, it seemed that Steven was angry and confused.

That day after class Mr Rowe chose Steven to pitch the kickball at recess. “Hey, Steven,” Mr Rowe commented, “You are good at pitching things. Let me show you my secret trick.” Mr Rowe taught Steven one of the tricks that not a single kid could perform. Steven learned fast and did quite well! Everyone cheered for him.

After the kickball, Steven sat as close to Mr Rowe in class as he could. When a question was asked, Steven lit up; he knew the answer! He raised his hands. When he answered the question, his voice shook. However, he got the right answer! He said, with Mr Rowe, his days of fourth grade promised wonderful.

That is not to say that every day went smoothly, but it was evident that Steven grew to love Mr Rowe more and more with each passing day.

Paragraph 1:

Time passed quickly that year, and before we all knew it, it was the last day of school.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

Many years later, Mr Rowe and I were surprised

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Paragraph 1:

Time passed quickly that year, and before we all knew it, it was the last day of school. Our school had a very special tradition on the last day. All the teachers filled the sidewalk, waving goodbye to the kids as the buses pulled out with their horns honking. But on that particular day, Steven walked slowly to the bus, his head down, tears in his eyes. He boarded the bus reluctantly, hesitated, and then ran back off the bus to hug Mr Rowe. "I don't want to leave you." He sobbed with red-rimmed eyes. Mr Rowe comforted him, "I will miss you, too."

Paragraph2:

Many years later, Mr Rowe and I were surprised when a handsome young man walked into our classroom, dressed in the Marine Corps uniform. The young man stood tall and proud. It was Steven! Mr Rowe and I couldn't believe our eyes. He saluted and hugged Mr Rowe tightly! "I have come back to school today just to say thanks to you!" It is my hope that every teacher is blessed with such an experience of a former student coming back to say a very simple word of THANKS.