中考英语语法专题五：形容词副词学案

中考语法专题五：形容词副词

一、             辨别形容词&副词

1. 形容词（adj.），描写或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征或属性

常译为“……的”如：smart（聪明的）；happy（快乐的）；beautiful（漂亮的）

2. 副词(adv.)，指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，常译成“……地”如：fast（迅速地）；often（时常）；有些副词以“-ly”结尾,,，如：happily（快乐地）；quickly（快速地）。

注意：friendly是形容词，译成“友好的”。

【实战演练】

一、在单词后边的横线上写出相应的词性（简写即可）

friendly                daily             .

usually                seldom           .

interesting             more             .  

many                 well             .

good                  hardly             .

far                    little              .

ugly                   nice               . 

unhappy               quickly             . 

careful                 carefully             .

3.  形容词变副词

①     在形容词词尾直接加-ly.

如: real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly

②     以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly.

如: busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily

③     以le结尾的形容词，把le改为-ly.

如:terrible-terribly; possible-possibly

④ 以元音字母+e结尾的形容词，去e加-ly

注意：某些单词以辅音字母+e结尾，但直接加-ly。 如：completely

注意: friendly; motherly; lovely; ugly; daily等词是形容词而非副词.

【实战演练】

二、形容词副词互相转换

quickly                    happy              .

true                      usual                .

real                      carefully              .

helpful                   hopefully              .

quiet                     easy                  .

angrily                   completely _________________.            

4. 辨析形容词副词用法

①     She feels tired.

   She is tired.

②     It tastes delicious.

She looks great.

③     Mary is really happy.

Mary smiles happily.

④     He runs very fast.

   He plays basketball well.

【思考】

What can you find from these sentences?

三、 形容词、副词比较级最高级的变化规则

（1）          规则变化

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er,-or结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；

　　（1）单音节词

　　如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

　　tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

　　（2）双音节词

　　如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

　　2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词, 去掉e然后比较级在原级后加-er,最高级在原级后加-est；

　　如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

　　3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

　　如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

　　4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

　　如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

　　busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

　　5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；

　　如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

　　different→more different→most different

　　easily→more easily→most easily

（2）          不规则变化

有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.

　　如：good→better→best； well→better→best

　　    bad→worse→worst； ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

口诀助记：两多，两好，两坏病，一老，一少，远距离。

【实战演练】

三、写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

short                                                            .

happy                                                           .

kind                                                            .

tall                                                             .

thin                                                            .

old                                                             .

nice                                                            .

friendly                                                         .

四、     形容词比较级最高级的用法

（1）          比较级：形容词副词比较级常用于两个人或物的比较

 ①比较级+than

  Eg:  Health is more important than wealth. 健康比财富更重要。

      He is taller than me. 他比我高。

（2）          最高级：形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思.

①     句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如：of the three, in our class等等.

Eg: He is the tallest in our class.

他在我们班里是最高的

② 最高级+of …, in…, among.

        Eg: Lisa runs fastest in her class. 莉莎在她班中跑得最快。

           Jordon is the most famous player of all the basketball players.

乔丹是所有篮球运动员中最闻名的。

【实战演练】

1. I find Lucy is the _______ (clever) girl in our class.

2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).

3.My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.

4.John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.

5.The _____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.

1. cleverest2.less3.elder4.youngest5.cheapest

一、写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

good                                                               _____.

nervous                                                                .

important                                                               .

quickly                                                                  .

often                                                                    .

many                                                                   .

much                                                                    .

fast                                                                      .

badly                                                                    .

bad                                                                     .

二、填空题

1. Please speak ________ (slow) so that we can make full notes.
2.  He played the piano ________(success) .
3. This trip to China has ________(real) inspired me to learn my Mandrain（普通话）.
4. In my grandfather’s time, computers were very ________ (popular).
5.  So ________ (excite) was the game that I forgot all about the coming finals.

三、单选题

(   ) 1. Sally is __________ of the two girls.

 A. lazier B. the laziest C. lazy     D. the lazier

(   ) 2. Ana found it _______ to climb the mountain without help.

 A. difficult B. easily C. difficultly  D. hardly

(   ) 3. China is developing _______ of all the countries in the world.

 A. fast B. faster C. fastest   D. the most fast

(   )4. Which room is _______, the large one or the small one?

1. bright B. brighter C. brightest D. the brightest

(   ) 5. –Tim, do you think time is money?

       –Yes, but I think it is __________ money.
     A. more important than  B. very important as  C. the same as  D. not important as
(   )6. Paris is one of _______ cities in the world.

 A. more beautiful B. beautiful       C. most beautifulD. the most beautiful

(   ) 7. The old man lives ______ in a small village, but he never feels ________.

1. alone, lonely B. lonely, alone   C. lonely, lonely D. alone, alone

(   ) 8. –Mr. Yang has been ill. How is he now?   

        –He is even ________ today.

填空题

1.slowly           2.succeffully           3.really        4.papular       5.exciting

单选题

1-5BACBA   6-8DAA