2022高考高三英语二轮复习之时态课件PPT

这是一份2022高考高三英语二轮复习之时态课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考情分析，学习目标，一般时态，一般现在时，高考再现，一般过去时，链接题，一般将来时，过去将来时，进行时态等内容，欢迎下载使用。

正确的时态和语态是一个简单句的重要组成部分，是学习的重点和难点，是学好英语的关键。它在高考试题中所占的比重非常大，它不仅仅是在语法填空和短文改错两个题型中考查，完形、阅读和写作都和时态语态的理解有关。高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查，题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种（也是本专题需要讲解的10种），近几年各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时，过去完成时，过去进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时。
1. 掌握常考时态的基本用法及常用的时间表达2. 能在语境中准确判断动词的时态3. 掌握被动语态的用法
三．必备必记基础知识：动词的基本形式一览表
表（一）：动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则
表（二）：动词第三人称单数的变化规则
表（三）：动词现在分词的变化规则
四．时态基础知识梳理----第一课时
表（五）常用的10种动词时态谓语动词的形式及其常用时间状语一览表
（一）理解、明确时态的定义：
时是事情发生的时间，态是动词表现的形态。也就是说，随着事情发生的时间不同而变化的动词形态就是时态。时态就是“时间+动词形态”的结合。与语文相比，时态是英语所特有的。英语用统一的动词词形变化，来表示所描述的动作与说话当时的时间先后关系，即是在说话之前发生，还是在说话当时发生，或者是在说话以后会发生；而汉语用副词来体现这种关系。比如：I am happy tday. 我今天很高兴。I was happy last night.我昨晚很高兴。I will be happy tmrrw as I will celebrate my birthday.我明天会很高兴因为我要庆祝我的生日。
（二）各种的具体时态用法：
(1)§表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或现在(长久)存在的状态。也可表示客观事实、科学真理、公理、原理、定理、规律、规则、法则、谚语、自然现象和生活常识等。一般现在时具有习惯性或长久性，它是不受时间限制的客观存在。（即：所有或任何时候都发生的动作或情况。）§常用的频度副词时间标志有：ften、usually、always、seldm、smetimes、every day/week/mnth/year...、n Sunday(s) . . .、nw(=these days),nwadays,at present等。 e.g:◆On Mnday mrning it usually takes me an hur t drive t wrk.星期一早晨，通常花费我一小时开车去上班。◆Shanghai lies in the east f China.上海市在中国的东部。
一般现在时的特殊用法。
(2)一般现在时可表示一般将来时：表示按时间表拟定、计划安排或日程安排早就定好的事情。只限于g, cme, leave, start, stp, arrive, begin, return, pen, clse等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。 e.g:◆My plane leaves at 11 ’clck tmrrw mrning◆My dream schl starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm.我理想的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。
(3)在主将从现原则中，从句可用一般现在时表将来。(主将从现：在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句为将来时或表示将来时含义的句子(如：祈使句、情态句等)，那么从句常用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。)eg:◆I will call yu as sn as I arrive at the airprt. 我一到机场就会给你打电话。(4)一般现在时可表示现在进行时： 在某些以here，there开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。 eg:◆①There ges the bell. ◆②Here cmes the bus.
Even___66__wrse (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd__67_is___ (be) full f fat and salt;（2017年全国1）
(1).一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去某一时间段内经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。一般需要暗示性的时间语境或者标志性状语如yesterday, last+时间（last night/year/term/mnth）, the ther day, just nw,in the past，一段时间+ag/later（3 days ag）, after that, in the fllwing day等。也可与频度副词连用：ften、usually、always、seldm、smetimes、every day/week/mnth/year...、n Sunday(s) . . .等。（注：一般过去时只表示过去的事实，往往具有完成性。表示具体的(一次)过去。） eg:◆①The ther day I came acrss an ld friend n the tp f Munt Tai.前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。 ◆②Mr. Smith came t see yu just nw. ◆③He always wrked int night thse days.那些日子他总是工作到深夜。
（2）注意：有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词：knw, think, expect, want等。e.g：◆Edward, yu play s well. But I didn’t knw yu played the pian.爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。（3）注：一般过去时的特殊用法 ： 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作时，也可用“used t/wuld+v原”来表示。eg:◆①I used t g t the cinema a lt,but I never get the time nw. ◆②When we wrked in the same ffice,we wuld ften have cffee tgether.
(4)常见句型：It is time that sb. did sth.“该到……了”。It is/has been＋一段时间＋ sth.“自从做某事已经一段时间了”。wuld rather sb. did sth.“宁愿某人做某事”。◆It is time that we tk actin t prtect ur envirnment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。◆It is/has been three years since he jined the army.他参军3年了。
①I entered my secnd year f high schl and becme a new member f the schl music club.(2017年全国卷3---改错) became ② S nce I started the car, my mind ges blank.(2017年全国1----改错) went ③ Later, engineers _managed__68__(manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道）, which became knwn t the tube.（2017年全国2）
表示在将来的某个时间内预计会发生的动作或持续的状态。需要有标志性的时间状语或者暗示语境。（next week/mnth/year, tmrrw, in sme time，sn，frm nw n等）表达方式：①will/shall d表示客观上将要发生的动作或存在的状态(即：纯粹的将来)，或表示未事先经过考虑的临时决定。e.g:◆.Clse the dr f fear behind yu, and yu will see____（see） the dr f faith pen befre yu. ◆.—D yu knw Mr.Smith has cme t ur twn? —N.I’ll g and visit him right nw.
②be ging t d表示按计划、打算要做某事或表示根据某种迹象预示要发生某事。eg:①I’m ging t quit my present jb. ②Lk at the dark cluds.It’s ging t rain sn.
③be t d表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“将要；计划”(接近于be ging t) /也可以表示职责、义务“应当,应该(=shuld,ught t)” /命令、禁止(用于否定句=mustn’t) /意图“想要、打算”(=intend,want) /不可避免的、命中注定必然会发生的事“注定”；e.g:◆①She’s t be married next mnth.她将于下个月结婚。　　 ◆②I feel it is yur husband wh is t blame fr the spiled child.我觉得就是你的丈夫应为这个被宠坏的孩子受责备。 ◆③N ne is t leave this building.谁也不得离开这栋楼房。 ◆④Yu are t be back by 10 ’clck.你必须十点钟回来。 ◆⑤We are t meet at the schl gate.我们约定在校门口碰头。 ◆⑥Such bks are t be fund in the library.这样的图书在图书馆就能找到。
be abut t d表示眼下马上就要发生的动作，意为“正要做……”，该结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，可与when引导的分句连用 　　e.g:◆Tm was abut t clse the windws when his attentin was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关上窗户，这是一只鸟引起了他的注意。be ding可表示按特定的计划、安排近期要做的事情或即将发生的动作，很少变更。（常为趋向性动词如：cme、g、leave、arrive等）。（往往指事先经过考虑或事先做好安排的将来。）eg:◆I'm leaving fr Beijing.
一般现在时在表示按时间表拟定、计划安排或日程安排早就定好的事情或按时刻表发生的动作，也可表示将来。（用于趋向性动词如：cme、g、leave、arrive、stay及d、have、plan、take、begin、start等）。e.g:◆The final exam takes place next term.
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。wuld d 与一般将来时用法相同，但要注意时态变化。注：过去将来时一般不能独立使用，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。eg:◆He tld us he wuld help us.
(1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。(现在进行时具有暂时性、持续性和未完成性的特点。说话时动作可能在进行，也可能不在进行。)时间标志：nw,right nw,at present,at the mment,these days,lk,listen等。e.g:◆①They’re watching TV at hme nw. ◆②Lk!They are waiting fr the bus at the bus stp.现在进行时的特殊用法。
（2）进行时可与always、cnstantly、cntinually、usually、frever、all the time等连用，表示说话者的某种感情色彩(赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等)，并非强调动作正在进行。e.g:◆①He is always taking careful ntes while he is listening t the teacher in class. ◆②He is always cming late.
（3）进行时可以表示将来，可表示最近计划、安排要进行的动作（此时，多为趋向性动词如：cme、g、leave、arrive、stay、visit及d,have、plan、take、begin、start等）。（往往指事先经过考虑或事先做好安排的将来。）e.g◆I'm arriving in Beijing. （4）现在进行时可表示即将或马上发生的事情。e.g◆—Are yu still busy? —Yes,I am just finishing my wrk,and it wn’t take lng.
●但是如下的词汇不宜用进行时。第一组：表示感观的动词see，hear，smell，taste，feel第二组：表示情感类动词lve，adre，like，prefer，admire,mind，dislike，hate，care, respect等第三组：表示心理活动的动词want， wish，desire，knw，believe，think，suppse，dubt，wnder，realize第四组其他动词：be, suit, fit， appear, seem，belng t，cnsist f, exist ,lie ,remain ,stand等 ●而有些动词的进行时又不表达进行。e.g◆---Peter, supper is ready. ---I am cming. (表示运动趋向的动词表示将来时)◆Fd supplies in the fld—stricken area are running ut. We must act immediately befre there’s left.
(1)表示过去某一时间点（当时）或过去某一时间段正在发生的动作。时间标志：then,at that time,this time yesterday,last night, last Saturday等或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语从句连用。用法: 与现在进行时相同，但要注意时态变化。e.g:◆①They were dancing this time yesterday. ◆②Mther was cking while father was watching TV.
注：过去进行时的特殊用法。(2)过去进行时可以为某个短暂性动作的发生提供时间背景。 e.g◆He fell asleep when his father was reading a newspaper.(3)过去进行时可以表示在刚刚过去的时间里发生的动作，但不强调动作的进行性。 e.g◆—Ouch!Yu are stepping n my ft nw. —Oh,I'm terribly srry. I wasn't nticing.
链接题①— When did the cmputer crash?— This mrning, while I was srting（srt）the reading materials dwnladed frm sme websites.②Jack was wrking（wrk）in the lab when the pwer cut ccurred.(16北京)
表示在将来某个时间点或某个时间段正在进行的动作或表示按计划、安排要进行的动作。需要用时间状语或者语境暗示this time tmrrw, at eight 'clck next Friday等。 链接题：I feel s excited! At this time tmrrw mrning I will be flying（fly） t Shanghai.
表示过去的短暂性动作对现在构成结果或影响或者表示过去的延续性动作、状态一直持续到现在。(强调与现在的联系)时间标志：already、yet、never、ever、just、fr+一段时间(持续到现在)、since+过去时间点/一般过去时、ever (since)、recently、lately、in recent years、s far、until nw(=till nw=up t/till nw)、befre、次数、in/during/ver the past/last+一段时间、ver+一段时间、以及固定句型This/That/It is+the+序数词+time+that从句（现在完成时）等。
①China’s high－speed railways have grwn (grw) frm 9，000 t 25，000 kilmeters in the past few years.②---I remember yu were a talented pianist at cllege. Can yu play the pian fr me?---Srry, I haven’t played (nt play )the pian fr years.
表示在过去某一时间或动作、状态以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。(过去完成时主要体现两个过去的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”。另外，过去完成时从不单独使用，一般明确表示发生在另外的一个过去之前。)时间标志：by+过去时间点；by the end f+过去时间点；by the time+一般过去时；一段时间+befre/earlier；befre+过去时间点/一般过去时；when+一般过去时等,或通过上下文判断eg:He had gne away befre I gt there.
注：过去完成时的特殊用法（1）had wanted/hped/expected/thught/planned/meant/intended+t d...表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。e.g◆They had wanted t help but they culdn't get there in time.他们本来想帮忙的，可没能及时赶到那儿。（2）用于固定句型中:含有hardly/scarcely的过去完成时+when/befre+一般过去时.(=含有n sner的过去完成时+than+一般过去时.)“一……就……”。e.g◆①I had hardly gt hme when the rain pured dwn.=I had n sner gt hme than the rain pured dwn.◆②Hardly had I gt hme when the rain pured dwn.=N sner had I gt hme than the rain pured dwn.（3）句型This/That/It was+the+序数词+time+that从句(过去完成时)。e.g◆That was the third time that he had gne t the mainland.
10. 现在完成进行时：
表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，有可能刚刚结束，也有可能继续持续下去或表示在较长时间里一直在做某事。另外，它还可表示动作的反复。有时现在完成进行时可与现在完成时互换。（强调进行的动作、具有延续性、常带有感情色彩。）时间标志：fr+一段时间，since+过去时间点，all+时间名词，these days等表示时间段的状语。特点：未完结性、短暂性、刚完结性(可看到直接结果)、连续性或重复性。
链接题：The manager _has been teaching__(teach) the wrkers hw t imprve the prgram since 9 a.m.
五．时态基础过关与巩固提升练习
单句填空 用所给动词或根据汉语提示填入动词的正确形式。1. — Remember the first time we met (meet)?— Of curse. Yu were studying (study) in Beijing University then.2. The gvernment has built (build) tw factries in this regin since the end f last year.3. (1) It has been /is ten years since we left schl.(2) It will be tw years befre we leave schl. (be)4. They had been wrking (wrk) n the prgram fr almst ne week befre I jined them, and nw we are still wrking (still wrk) n it as n gd results have cme ut s far. 5. The pen I thught (think) I had lst (lse) is n my desk, right under my nse.
6. If their marketing plans succeed, they will increase (increase) their sales by 20 percent.7. She said that it was (be) the secnd time she had seen (see) the film.8. I dn’t really wrk here. I am just helping (just help) ut until the new secretary arrives. 9. Lk at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 takes (take) ff at 18:40.10. (1) My gd friend cmes frm Guangdng. (2) My gd friend came frm Guangdng last week. (cme)11. I have been reading (read) that nvel all the mrning. 12. (1) When I gt there, he had dne the wrk. (做完那工作了)(2) When I gt there, he was ding the wrk carefully. (正在认真地做工作)
语态基础知识梳理---第二课时
在英语中，被动语态使用得比汉语要多、要普遍，但大多数句子都使用主动语态。被动语态在英语中极为重要。高考中通常把时态和语态结合起来考查。
动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active vice)和被动语态(the passive vice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例：◆Peple speak English all ver the wrld. 全世界的人都在讲英语。(the active vice)◆English is spken by peple all ver the wrld. (the passive vice)被动语态的构成：由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的使用场合：1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者；2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。例：◆A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh had been trapped in the muntains fr tw days.
动词的被动语态构成一览表(以ask为例)
4. 主动语态变为被动语态三步走：
①先找到主动句的宾语，把它变为被动句的主语。 ②将谓语动词由主动形式变为被动形式“be+dne”。 ③将主动句的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语。
5.被动语态的基本用法：
（1）不及物动词没有被动语态 （比如：take place/happen/ccur, burst ut, break ut, run ut,appear, last, rise, cme, g, shw up, turn up, fade, disappear, run, walk, stand, lie, exist, rest, fail等） ◆A small river runs thrugh the village.一条小河穿存流过。（2）有些动词是及物的也没有被动关系尤其是表示have有, wn拥有, cst花费, hld容纳，lack缺少,belng t属于,take part in参加,date frm/back t追溯到 (3) 表示感官的系动词没有被动语态（smell, taste, feel, sund, lk）
(4) 有些动词常用被动形式:①常见的使役动词（surprise, shck, astnish, exhaust, tire, seat, shck, puzzle, amuse, excite, interest, inspire, amaze, bre）②be faced with, be equipped with, be armed with, be prepared fr, be determined t d, be cncerned abut, be satisfied with, be devted t ding, be suppsed t d=be expected t d=shuld
6.主动形式表示被动意义：
（1）当sell, read, cut, wash, write, pen, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。（2）在句型“主语＋be动词＋adj或带有adj的名词形式＋t d.”中，t d常用主动表被动，其中d为vt,主语为t d的宾语。)(3)在固定短语中。如：be t let“待出租”,be t blame“应受责备”,,be wrth ding“值得做”,sth need/want/require ding(ding=t be dne)e.g ◆The wrker is easy t get alng well withThe bike needs/wants/requires repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。/ The film is wrth seeing. 这部电影值得看。/ The dr wn’t shut/pen. 这门不能关/开。/ The clthes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。/ The bk sells well. 这本书很畅销。/ The dish tastes delicius. 这份菜尝起来很美味。/ Water feels very cld. 水摸上去很冷。
（1）．单句填空 用括号中所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空。1. When mney is spent (spend), we can earn it back, but when time is lst, it will never return.3. Great changes have taken place (take place) in the city, and a lt f factries have been set up (set up).4. The plice fund that the huse had been brken int (break int) and a lt f things stlen (steal).5. The discussin came (cme) alive when an interesting tpic was brught in.7. The wet weather will cntinue tmrrw when a cld frst is expected (expect) t arrive.8. The careless driver is t blame (blame) fr the traffic accident that happened (happen) yesterday.
9. Flwers usually sell (sell) well n Valentine’s Day, s their flwers were sld (sell) in n time that day. 10. Lenard da Vinci (1452—1519) is said (say) t have bught birds kept in cages in rder t have the pleasure f setting them free. 11. — Have yu handed in yur schlwrk yet?— Yes, I have. I guess it is being graded (grade) nw.12. If Newtn lived tday, he wuld be surprised by what has been discvered (discver) in science and technlgy.
13. The wrk needs cmpleting/ t be cmpleted (cmplete) by 6 The number f deaths frm heart disease will be reduced (reduce) greatly if peple are persuaded t eat mre vegetables.15. We shuld get int the gd habit f saving time and never leave what can be dne (d) tday until tmrrw. 16. I hld the belief that mre measures will be taken (take) t prevent lss f sil alng the Yellw River.
17. In recent years, mre and mre highways and verpasses have been built up (build up) in Guangzhu.18. Many man-made satellites have been sent up (send up) int space s far by many cuntries.19. Many mre trees will be planted (plant) next year.
1. I was allwed (allw)t get clse t these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.(16年全国2)2. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables r high quality il are using fr cking.(2016年全国卷---改错) used3.The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts will be rewarded （reward） success in the fat and salt__64are remved___(remve除掉) frm fd, the fd tastes as if is missing smething.(2017年全国卷1)
5.Steam engines(蒸汽机)___65are used__(use)t pull the carriages and it must have been (fairly)unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths….(17年全国卷2)6.In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is n the rftp f their huse.(2017年全国2------改错) interested which7.Sarah_63_was tld____(tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel earning a millin dllars in the new year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her t give up schl t mdel full-time(2017全国卷3)8. Abut ne mnth after this pht was tk, I entered my secnd year f high schl.(2017年全国3------改错) taken
AMy best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.________(remind) me f myself.In the past, I 2.________(be) never cnfident because f my appearance. Peple always laughed at my weight, my height, my hair style, etc.At that time, I was the shrtest student in my class.I started getting depressed. Hwever, Smene tld me smething that I will always remember.It was in March. Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3.________(pint) at me and laughed at me，I culdn't help crying. The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river. T my surprise， smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes. I then knew it was ur English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “yu 4.________(be) perfect the way yu are. Yu shuld never change r hate yurself. Peple 5.________(accept) yu fr wh yu 6.________(be). But if yu can nt accept yurself, then hw will ther peple accept yu.” I 7._______(inspire) by her wrds. Over the past few mnths, I 8.________(learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws. Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9.________(lve) me fr wh I am.Nw, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________(tell) me.