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高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words导学案
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words导学案，共19页。学案主要包含了教材原文，审题谋篇，词汇储备，句型运用，句式升级，串句成文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
I.课文翻译
教材原文
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example-where had they gone? Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession, but these lines from the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring, “A Fable for Tomorrow”, show her talent as a writer. By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems—in particular, to the harmful use of pesticides, such as DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way.
Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation. Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies. The book details the gypsy moth eradication programme, which killed birds, in addition to gypsy moths. Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows, but not fire ants. The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
Carson’s message was very alarming, causing a great increase in environmental awareness. Its impact was immediate and far-reaching: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency （A）was established in the US. Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp.
Silent Spring was not, however, received positively by everyone. Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist. Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research. Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims-and today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is sill ringing loud and clear.
Personally, I enjoy Carson’s book. She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people. This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments, strong though they are, but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing. Her book not only changed the world; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today, so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message. For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning, one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.
教材译文
寂静的春天
一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。例如, 小鸟都飞到哪里去了? 许多人谈论着, 茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃。随处可见的为数不多的几只鸟奄奄一息; 它们浑身激烈打颤, 无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨, 再也没有了知更鸟、猫鹊、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的合唱以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声; 只留下一片寂静,笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。
蕾切尔·卡森本职是一位科学家, 但是1962年, 她在《寂静的春天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这几行文字, 展现了她作为作家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界, 她力求做到不仅警告科学界, 而且提醒公众, 人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果,尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物, 甚至对人类本身造成伤害, 她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制, 并且严加监管。
卡森敦促人们认清事实, 并且为此做出努力。《寂静的春天》中含有大量的科学研究和案例研究。这本书详细介绍了在消灭舞毒蛾计划中, 除了消灭舞毒蛾, 还杀死了鸟类。另一个案例研究则是在开展消灭火蚁计划时, 人们杀死的是奶牛, 而非火蚁。这本书还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例, 都未能像预期那样解决问题。这本书最后的五十来页列出了卡森的资料来源, 显示出她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧, 大大提升了人们的环保意识。这本书的效果立竿见影, 并且影响深远: DDT被禁用; 环境保护署也在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的里程碑, 这使作者在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉, 美国17美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有说服力, 而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持, 但是这本书很快成为了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论点背后的科学原理, 因为她是一位海洋生物学家,而不是化学家。一些人还说, 她的作品过于情感化, 科学性并不强。这些人想要通过破坏卡森的名声来阻止她的作品影响公共政策, 但卡森仍然决心坚持自己的研究, 在公众面前、在电视节目中露面以捍卫自己的观点。时至今日,《寂静的春天》已经出版五十多年了, 但它发出的声音依旧响亮而清晰。
而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但可能很难理解的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。这倒不是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力, 而是因为她优美典雅的文笔。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界, 就是在半个世纪后的今天, 它仍然值得人们重新阅读, 以再次感受她充满感情的文字带给我们的如火焰般的温暖。因为如果我们不听从蕾切尔·卡森的劝告, 可能有一天我们会认识到另一个寂静的春天的古怪而安静的恐怖。
II. 词汇拓展
1. puzzled /'pʌzld/adj. 困惑的, 无法理解的→ puzzling /'pʌzlɪŋ/adj. 令人迷惑的→ puzzle /'pʌzl/n. 谜; 智力游戏 v. （使）迷惑→ puzzlement /'pʌzlmənt/n. 迷惑; 困惑
2. knowingly /'nəʊɪŋli/adv. 故意地→ know /nəʊ/v. 知道; 认识到; 懂得→ known /nəʊn/adj. 已知的; 知名的
3. thorough /'θʌrə/adj. 仔细的; 缜密的→ thoroughly /'θʌrəli/adv. 彻底; 完全
4. precise /prɪ'saɪs/adj. 精确的; 一丝不苟的→ precisely /prɪ'saɪsli/adv. 精确地; 恰好
5. aware /ə'weə（r）/adj. 意识到的; 知道的→ awareness /ə'weənəs/n. 知道；意识
6. elegance /'elɪɡəns/n. 优美; 简洁→ elegant /'elɪɡənt/adj. 优美的; 文雅的→ elegantly /elɪɡəntli/adv. 优美地; 文雅地
7. passionate /'pæ∫（ə）nət/adj. 热诚的; 具有强烈信念的→ passionately /'pæ∫（ə）nətli/adv. 热情地; 强烈地; 激昂地→ passion /'pæ∫n/n. 激情; 强烈情感
8. origin /'ɒrɪdʒɪn/n. 起源; 源头→ original /ə'rɪdʒənəl/adj. 起初的; 原来的→ originally /ə'rɪdʒənli/adv. 起初; 最初
III.情境词块
1.谈及; 说到 speak of
2.力求做到 aim to
3.特别; 尤其 in particular
4.对……产生伤害 cause harm to
5.敦促某人做某事 urge sb. to do sth.
6.使某人意识到 make sb. aware of
7.in addition to 除了……之外
8.environmental awareness 环保意识
9.rather than 而不是
10.stand by 坚持; 支持; 袖手旁观
IV. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式
过去分词作后置定语
教材原句
The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. 随处可见的为数不多的几只鸟奄奄一息; 它们浑身激烈打颤, 无法飞翔。
中文例句
应邀参加晚会的大多数人是他的老校友。
句式仿写
Most of the people invited to the party were his old schoolmates.
2.
句型公式
more…than…与其……不如……
教材原句
Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. 一些人还说, 她的作品过于情感化, 科学性不强。
中文例句
这事与其说让人高兴, 不如说让人担心。
句式仿写
It was more a worry than a pleasure.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Why did many people get puzzled and disturbed?
A.Because they didn’t speak of birds again.
B.Because the feeding stations were destroyed.
C.Because most birds were gone.
D.Because birds’ voices were unusual.
答案：C
2.What can we learn about Rachel Carson?
A.She was born in 1962.
B.She was a writer by profession.
C.She thought pesticides were harmful.
D.She used too many pesticides daily.
答案：C
3.What caused a great increase in the awareness of protecting the environment?
A.Carson’s research.
B.The fire-ant program.
C.The green movement.
D.Some gypsy moths.
答案：A
4.Who supported Carson’s research?
A.Most writers.
B.Most scientists.
C.Most critics.
D.Most officials.
答案：B
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是描写自然。对于有关自然类的书来说, 应该通过调查研究、长时间仔细认真地观察才能得出结论, 因此一般为说明文; 也可以是通过某个现象, 得出一些人生的思考, 因而也可能是议论文; 一般是观察到的现象或者根据这些现象所得出的结论或者思考。本环节依据“Listening and Speaking”的交际功能, 使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实, 是一次训练口头表达能力、培养思辨能力、展现自我的机会。
文本改写
【教材原文】
There is no month in the whole year in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers-when the memory of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth-and yet what a pleasant time it is! Orchards and fields sing with the sound of work; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the wheat, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every gentle wind that sweeps above it, tinges the landscape with a golden colour. A soft, pleasant light appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself even to a passing wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is seen by the eye, but makes no loud noises upon the ear.
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的英语说明文。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.与……相比 compared to
2.只有 nothing but
3.被……加强 be enhanced by
4.与……相比 contrast with
5.充满 be full of
【句型运用】
1.五月景色美, 但八月是一年中最美的月份。
May has many beauties, but August is the most beautiful month of the year.
2.春天展现的只有晴朗的天空, 绿色的田野, 香甜的花朵。
Spring shows nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers.
3.与冬天的雪、冰和刺骨的寒风形成对比, 八月是一个愉快的季节。
Enhanced by the contrast with snow, ice, and biting winds in winter, August is a pleasant time.
4.果园和田野里到处都是劳作的声音, 在这个丰收的季节, 丰富的水果和谷物使风景变成一片金色。
Orchards and fields are full of the sound of work, and in such a harvest season, rich fruits and grains make the landscape a golden colour.
5.一辆没有喧闹声的马车穿过收割好的田野, 使八月显得格外迷人。
A wagon without loud noises seen passing across the well-reaped field makes August extremely charming.
【句式升级】
1.用非谓语动词升级第一句。
Compared to many beauties in May, August is the most beautiful month of the year.
2.用感叹句升级第三句。
Enhanced by the contrast with snow, ice, and biting winds in winter, what a pleasant time August is!
3.用强调句升级第五句。
It is a wagon without loud noises seen passing across the well-reaped field that makes August extremely charming.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的英语短文。
Compared to many beauties in May, August is the most beautiful month of the year. Spring shows nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers. However, enhanced by the contrast with snow, ice, and biting winds in winter, what a pleasant time August is! Orchards and fields are full of the sound of work, and in such a harvest season, rich fruits and grains make the landscape a golden colour. Meanwhile, it is a wagon without loud noises seen passing across the well-reaped field that makes August extremely charming.
实战演练
假定你是李华, 你们学校将举办以“Protect Wild Animals”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示写一篇英语演讲稿。
1. 野生动物的现状（过度捕猎）;
2. 保护建议（建保护区、提高保护意识等）;
3. 美好愿景。
注意：1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已经写好, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇：自然保护区nature reserve 意识awareness
Good morning, everyone!
I’m very glad to give a speech today. The topic of my speech is“Protect Wild Animals”.
Thank you!
答案：高分范文
Good morning, everyone!
I’m very glad to give a speech today. The topic of my speech is “Protect Wild Animals”.
As we all know, animals also play a part in keeping the balance of nature. Unfortunately, they are being over-hunted, and some of them are dying out. So it is urgent to take some measures to protect them. First, we must build nature reserves. Second, we should raise our awareness of
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. dozen n. 一打; 许多
The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. （教材P69）这本书还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例, 都未能像预期那样解决问题。
典例翻译
①I’d like three dozen altogether.
我一共想要3打。
②Dozens of people have been injured and many vehicles set on fire.
很多人受了伤, 很多车辆起火。
③He has lived here for two dozen years.
他已在这儿住了24年。
④There were several dozens of people there.
那里有许多人。
⑤Eggs are sold by the dozen.
蛋是按打出售的。
归纳拓展
（1）按打计算 by the dozen
（2）许多的 dozens of
（3）几打鸡蛋 several dozens of eggs = several dozen eggs
误区警示
（1）与具体数字连用时, 不加复数词尾-s; 若后接名词, 通常也无需用介词of。
（2）若不与具体数字连用, 而是表示不确定的泛指数时, 则不仅要加复数词尾-s, 而且要后接介词of, 然后才能接名词。
（3）当与a few, several, many等数目不很具体的词或词组连用时, 带不带复数词尾-s均可, 但是注意：若不带复数词尾-s, 其后的介词of可以省略; 若带复数词尾-s, 则其后介词of不能省略。
（4）若其后的名词被the, these, those等特指限定词修饰, 或其后接的是us, them 等人称代词时, 则此时必须用介词of。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①On her birthday, she always receives cards by the dozen.
② Dozens （dozen）of miles of railway track have been torn up.
③If you buy a dozen of these tins, we can take 5 percent off the price.
（2）完成句子
④为了做到这一点, 我已经搜索了几十个剧本, 找出我认为最能体现短剧的力量和目的的那些。（2020浙江卷）
To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
2. precise adj. 精确的; 一丝不苟的
The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist. （教材P69）这本书最后的五十页左右列出了卡森的资料来源, 显示了她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
典例翻译
①A lawyer needs a precise mind.
律师需要有缜密的思考。
②There were not many-five,to be precise.
数量不多——准确地说, 只有五个。
③That’s precisely what I meant.
那恰恰是我的意思。
④She gave me clear and precise instructions.
她给了我清晰而明确的指令。
归纳拓展
（1）准确地说, 确切地说 to be precise
明确的指令 precise instructions
（2）precisely adv. 精确地; 恰好; 细心地
学以致用
单句填空
①The shelf is about a metre long-well,98 cm, to be （be）precise.
②The problem is due to discipline, or, more precisely （precise）, the lack of discipline, in schools.
③Not only can a cell’s motions be precisely controlled with the device, but it can also provide very precise measurements of a cell’s position. （precise）
3. ban vt. 禁止, 取缔 n. 禁令
Its impact was immediate and far-reaching: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency （A）was established in the US. （教材P69）它的效果立竿见影, 并且影响深远：DDT被禁用, 环境保护署也在美国成立。
典例翻译
①Britain’s health experts are pushing for a ban on/against all cigarette advertising.
英国的健康专家正努力争取取缔任何形式的香烟广告。
②Smoking is now banned in many places of work.
现在许多工作场所禁止吸烟。
③In such a special stage, the law places/puts such behavior under a ban.
在这样一个特殊的阶段, 法律禁止这种行为。
归纳拓展
（1）ban（doing） sth. 禁止（做）某事
ban sb. from （doing）sth. 禁止（某人）做某事
（2）对……的禁令 a ban on/against
place/put…under a ban 禁止
“禁止某人做某事”的其他表达还有：
prohibit sb. from doing sth.
forbid sb. from doing sth.
forbid sb. to do sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Chemical weapons are banned （ban）internationally.
②They are banned from swimming （swim）in the river.
③There is a ban on/against smoking in all indoor public places.
④The new rule has placed smoking under a ban.
（2）单句写作
⑤老师严禁他在课上讲话。
The teacher banned/prohibited him from talking in class.
4. launch n.&vt. 推出, 发起; 使（船）下水; 发动; 发射
Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. （教材P69）《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方世界发起绿色运动的里程碑。
典例翻译
①The launch of their new machines in this factory received much media coverage.
这个工厂投产的新机器广获传媒报道。
②Are you at the launch of the new ship?
新船下水时你在场吗？
③He launched into a lengthy account of his career.
他开始啰啰唆唆地讲述自己的工作经历。
④It’s time I launched out on my own.
该是我自己创业的时候了。
归纳拓展
（1）（火箭）发射; （船）下水; （新产品）投产 the launch of
（2）（热情地）开始做; 投入 launch into
（3）开始从事, 投身于（新的事业） launch out
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①She launched into an explanation of how the machine worked.
②She’s decided she has enough experience to launch out on her own.
③She is signing copies of her book at the official launch.
（2）单句写作
④我昨天看了火箭发射。
I saw the launch of the rocket yesterday.
5. aim to do sth. 目的在于做某事; 打算做某事
By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public…（教材P68）通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界, 她旨在不仅警告科学界, 而且提醒公众……
典例翻译
①His music is commercial. It isaimed at the masses.
他的音乐走商业化路线, 针对的是一般大众。
②I aim to learn ten new words by heart every day.
我力争每天记十个新单词。
③Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims.
要达到这些目标需要协同合作。
④All the social media took aim at the popular star.
所有的社交媒体都把矛头指向这位当红明星。
归纳拓展
（1）aim v. 以……为目标; 瞄准; 对准
目的在于, 针对 be aimed at
aim at doing sth. 目的在于做某事; 打算做某事
aim at（用枪等）对准; 目的在于; 针对
（2）aim n. 目标, 目的
实现某人的目标, 达到某人的目的 achieve one’s aim
把目标对准某人/某物; 把批评的矛头指向某人/某物 take aim at sb./sth.
with the aim of意在……
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①This activity is aimed at improving （improve） the students’ ability to listen and speak.
②I don’t know at whom the Minister’s remarks were aimed, but he ought not to say such things.
③His brother aims to be （be） a policeman.
（2）单句写作
④格林先生来访中国的目的是参观长城。（with the aim of）
Mr. Green visited China with the aim of seeing the Great Wall.
6. cause/do harm to对……造成伤害
She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans…（教材P68）她认为, 化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物甚至人类造成伤害……
典例翻译
①These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon,causing serious harm to life and the environment.
近来, 违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见, 对生活和环境都造成了极大的危害。
②If you want to solve the problem in this way,there is no harm in calling him.
如果你想以这种方式来处理问题, 你不妨给他打个电话。
③These are just some jokes. They mean no harm but fun.
这些只是玩笑。他们没有恶意, 只是为了好玩而已。
④Smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.
抽烟会对你孩子的健康有害。
归纳拓展
（1）无恶意 mean no harm
（2）做某事无害处 there is no harm in doing sth.
（3）harmful adj. 有害的; 不利的
对……有害 be harmful to…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Don’t believe him. No harm has been done （do） to him ever since.
②As second-hand smoking is more harmful （harm） and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.
③They don’t usually employ untrained workers, but there’s no harm in trying （try） your fortune.
（2）一句多译
如果使用不当, 这种药物会对你造成伤害。
④ If used improperly, the medicine will do/cause harm to you. （harm n.）
⑤ If used improperly, the medicine will be harmful to you. （harmful）
重点句型
more…than…与其说……倒不如说……
Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. （教材P69）一些人还说, 她的作品过于情感化, 科学性并不强。
典例翻译
①The book seems to be more a dictionary than one on grammar.
与其说这是一本语法书, 倒不如说是一本词典。
②It is more a lyric than a folk story.
与其说这是个民间故事, 不如说是首抒情诗。
③As we all know, actions are more powerful than words.
众所周知, 行动比语言更有力度。
④More than one person has been concerned in this affair.
不止一个人卷入了此事。
归纳拓展
（1）与……一样不 no more…than…
不如; 不及 not more…than…
（2）比……更 more+形容词/副词+than…
more than one +单数名词, 意为“不止一个……”, 在语意上虽为复数, 但作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
（3）morethan +{基数词 多于；超出(相当于over)名词 不仅仅(相当于not only)形容词/副词 非常；很(相当于very)从句 超出
学以致用
完成句子
①这本书不如那本书难。
This book is not more difficult than that one.
②他和我都不会读西班牙语。
He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am.
③他不仅仅是位作家, 还是一名教授。
He is more than a writer; he is also a professor.
④她在这部电影中与其说是演员, 不如说是制片人。而且她必须比别人做得更多, 这让她很累。
She is more a producer than an actress in this film. And she had to do more than others, which makes her more than tired .
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.The government has banned （禁止） the use of chemical weapons.
2.Looking at my puzzled （困惑的） appearance, he with a bit of embarrassment explained.
3.A volcano near Pompeii, Italy, erupted. The earth began to tremble （颤抖） and a cloud came down the mountain.
4.I must alert （提醒） him to the need to solve the problem.
5.His thorough （缜密的） knowledge and competence were recognized.
6.We have got good media coverage for the launch （推出） of the new model.
7.Deep down there in the depth of the soil, the great heart throbbed （生机勃勃） once more.
8.She was accused of knowingly （故意地） making a false statement to the police.
9.At the precise （精确的） moment when I put my foot on the step, the bus started.
10.Scarlet felt that it gave her the final finishing touch of elegance （优美）.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
urge…to, speak of, scores of, in particular, cause harm to,
carry out, be aware of, stand by, alert…to, be considered as
1.The president told the reporter that he wanted to stand by his earlier statements.
2.He urged her to come and stay with us just now.
3.He spoke of the French and their habit of standing in a queue in the lecture yesterday.
4.People around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortages.
5.There are scores of modern art styles, so which do you like best?
6.Parents and teachers should in particular act as better examples to children.
7.Drinking too much will cause harm to your health, so you’d better stop drinking.
8.He wanted to alert people to the activities of the group.
9.Even today, Lincoln is still considered as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.
10.I would like to see the project carried out .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Silent Spring
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962. Carson wrote the book 1 （aim） to alert people to the damaging effects of human activities 2 natural ecosystems. And she wished to see pesticides 3 （use） in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way. The book contains a lot of scientific information, research, examples and so on, 4 shows how precise she was as a scientist. The arguments were strong and the language was 5 （elegance） and influential. However, the book was not received positively by everyone. It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry, who said that Carson’s research was not precise. Carson appeared in public and on television 6 （defend） her claims.
Carson’s message was 7 （alarm） and its influence was immediate and far-reaching. The use of DDT 8 （ban） and the A was established in the US. The book was considered as 9 milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. Carson earned a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10 （aware） of protecting natural ecosystems.
1. aiming 2. on 3. used 4. which 5. elegant 6. to defend 7. alarming 8. was banned 9. a 10. awareness
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
自主学习·激发潜能
I.课文翻译
教材原文
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example-where had they gone? Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession, but these lines from the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring, “A Fable for Tomorrow”, show her talent as a writer. By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems—in particular, to the harmful use of pesticides, such as DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way.
Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation. Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies. The book details the gypsy moth eradication programme, which killed birds, in addition to gypsy moths. Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows, but not fire ants. The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
Carson’s message was very alarming, causing a great increase in environmental awareness. Its impact was immediate and far-reaching: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency （A）was established in the US. Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. It also earned Carson a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp.
Silent Spring was not, however, received positively by everyone. Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist. Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research. Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims-and today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is sill ringing loud and clear.
Personally, I enjoy Carson’s book. She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people. This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments, strong though they are, but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing. Her book not only changed the world; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today, so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message. For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson’s warning, one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.
教材译文
寂静的春天
一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。例如, 小鸟都飞到哪里去了? 许多人谈论着, 茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃。随处可见的为数不多的几只鸟奄奄一息; 它们浑身激烈打颤, 无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨, 再也没有了知更鸟、猫鹊、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的合唱以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声; 只留下一片寂静,笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。
蕾切尔·卡森本职是一位科学家, 但是1962年, 她在《寂静的春天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这几行文字, 展现了她作为作家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界, 她力求做到不仅警告科学界, 而且提醒公众, 人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果,尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物, 甚至对人类本身造成伤害, 她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制, 并且严加监管。
卡森敦促人们认清事实, 并且为此做出努力。《寂静的春天》中含有大量的科学研究和案例研究。这本书详细介绍了在消灭舞毒蛾计划中, 除了消灭舞毒蛾, 还杀死了鸟类。另一个案例研究则是在开展消灭火蚁计划时, 人们杀死的是奶牛, 而非火蚁。这本书还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例, 都未能像预期那样解决问题。这本书最后的五十来页列出了卡森的资料来源, 显示出她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧, 大大提升了人们的环保意识。这本书的效果立竿见影, 并且影响深远: DDT被禁用; 环境保护署也在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的里程碑, 这使作者在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉, 美国17美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有说服力, 而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持, 但是这本书很快成为了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论点背后的科学原理, 因为她是一位海洋生物学家,而不是化学家。一些人还说, 她的作品过于情感化, 科学性并不强。这些人想要通过破坏卡森的名声来阻止她的作品影响公共政策, 但卡森仍然决心坚持自己的研究, 在公众面前、在电视节目中露面以捍卫自己的观点。时至今日,《寂静的春天》已经出版五十多年了, 但它发出的声音依旧响亮而清晰。
而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但可能很难理解的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。这倒不是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力, 而是因为她优美典雅的文笔。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界, 就是在半个世纪后的今天, 它仍然值得人们重新阅读, 以再次感受她充满感情的文字带给我们的如火焰般的温暖。因为如果我们不听从蕾切尔·卡森的劝告, 可能有一天我们会认识到另一个寂静的春天的古怪而安静的恐怖。
II. 词汇拓展
1. puzzled /'pʌzld/adj. 困惑的, 无法理解的→ puzzling /'pʌzlɪŋ/adj. 令人迷惑的→ puzzle /'pʌzl/n. 谜; 智力游戏 v. （使）迷惑→ puzzlement /'pʌzlmənt/n. 迷惑; 困惑
2. knowingly /'nəʊɪŋli/adv. 故意地→ know /nəʊ/v. 知道; 认识到; 懂得→ known /nəʊn/adj. 已知的; 知名的
3. thorough /'θʌrə/adj. 仔细的; 缜密的→ thoroughly /'θʌrəli/adv. 彻底; 完全
4. precise /prɪ'saɪs/adj. 精确的; 一丝不苟的→ precisely /prɪ'saɪsli/adv. 精确地; 恰好
5. aware /ə'weə（r）/adj. 意识到的; 知道的→ awareness /ə'weənəs/n. 知道；意识
6. elegance /'elɪɡəns/n. 优美; 简洁→ elegant /'elɪɡənt/adj. 优美的; 文雅的→ elegantly /elɪɡəntli/adv. 优美地; 文雅地
7. passionate /'pæ∫（ə）nət/adj. 热诚的; 具有强烈信念的→ passionately /'pæ∫（ə）nətli/adv. 热情地; 强烈地; 激昂地→ passion /'pæ∫n/n. 激情; 强烈情感
8. origin /'ɒrɪdʒɪn/n. 起源; 源头→ original /ə'rɪdʒənəl/adj. 起初的; 原来的→ originally /ə'rɪdʒənli/adv. 起初; 最初
III.情境词块
1.谈及; 说到 speak of
2.力求做到 aim to
3.特别; 尤其 in particular
4.对……产生伤害 cause harm to
5.敦促某人做某事 urge sb. to do sth.
6.使某人意识到 make sb. aware of
7.in addition to 除了……之外
8.environmental awareness 环保意识
9.rather than 而不是
10.stand by 坚持; 支持; 袖手旁观
IV. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式
过去分词作后置定语
教材原句
The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. 随处可见的为数不多的几只鸟奄奄一息; 它们浑身激烈打颤, 无法飞翔。
中文例句
应邀参加晚会的大多数人是他的老校友。
句式仿写
Most of the people invited to the party were his old schoolmates.
2.
句型公式
more…than…与其……不如……
教材原句
Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. 一些人还说, 她的作品过于情感化, 科学性不强。
中文例句
这事与其说让人高兴, 不如说让人担心。
句式仿写
It was more a worry than a pleasure.
文本互动·合作探究
文本理解
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.Why did many people get puzzled and disturbed?
A.Because they didn’t speak of birds again.
B.Because the feeding stations were destroyed.
C.Because most birds were gone.
D.Because birds’ voices were unusual.
答案：C
2.What can we learn about Rachel Carson?
A.She was born in 1962.
B.She was a writer by profession.
C.She thought pesticides were harmful.
D.She used too many pesticides daily.
答案：C
3.What caused a great increase in the awareness of protecting the environment?
A.Carson’s research.
B.The fire-ant program.
C.The green movement.
D.Some gypsy moths.
答案：A
4.Who supported Carson’s research?
A.Most writers.
B.Most scientists.
C.Most critics.
D.Most officials.
答案：B
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是描写自然。对于有关自然类的书来说, 应该通过调查研究、长时间仔细认真地观察才能得出结论, 因此一般为说明文; 也可以是通过某个现象, 得出一些人生的思考, 因而也可能是议论文; 一般是观察到的现象或者根据这些现象所得出的结论或者思考。本环节依据“Listening and Speaking”的交际功能, 使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实, 是一次训练口头表达能力、培养思辨能力、展现自我的机会。
文本改写
【教材原文】
There is no month in the whole year in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers-when the memory of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth-and yet what a pleasant time it is! Orchards and fields sing with the sound of work; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the wheat, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every gentle wind that sweeps above it, tinges the landscape with a golden colour. A soft, pleasant light appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself even to a passing wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is seen by the eye, but makes no loud noises upon the ear.
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的英语说明文。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.与……相比 compared to
2.只有 nothing but
3.被……加强 be enhanced by
4.与……相比 contrast with
5.充满 be full of
【句型运用】
1.五月景色美, 但八月是一年中最美的月份。
May has many beauties, but August is the most beautiful month of the year.
2.春天展现的只有晴朗的天空, 绿色的田野, 香甜的花朵。
Spring shows nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers.
3.与冬天的雪、冰和刺骨的寒风形成对比, 八月是一个愉快的季节。
Enhanced by the contrast with snow, ice, and biting winds in winter, August is a pleasant time.
4.果园和田野里到处都是劳作的声音, 在这个丰收的季节, 丰富的水果和谷物使风景变成一片金色。
Orchards and fields are full of the sound of work, and in such a harvest season, rich fruits and grains make the landscape a golden colour.
5.一辆没有喧闹声的马车穿过收割好的田野, 使八月显得格外迷人。
A wagon without loud noises seen passing across the well-reaped field makes August extremely charming.
【句式升级】
1.用非谓语动词升级第一句。
Compared to many beauties in May, August is the most beautiful month of the year.
2.用感叹句升级第三句。
Enhanced by the contrast with snow, ice, and biting winds in winter, what a pleasant time August is!
3.用强调句升级第五句。
It is a wagon without loud noises seen passing across the well-reaped field that makes August extremely charming.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的英语短文。
Compared to many beauties in May, August is the most beautiful month of the year. Spring shows nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers. However, enhanced by the contrast with snow, ice, and biting winds in winter, what a pleasant time August is! Orchards and fields are full of the sound of work, and in such a harvest season, rich fruits and grains make the landscape a golden colour. Meanwhile, it is a wagon without loud noises seen passing across the well-reaped field that makes August extremely charming.
实战演练
假定你是李华, 你们学校将举办以“Protect Wild Animals”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示写一篇英语演讲稿。
1. 野生动物的现状（过度捕猎）;
2. 保护建议（建保护区、提高保护意识等）;
3. 美好愿景。
注意：1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已经写好, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇：自然保护区nature reserve 意识awareness
Good morning, everyone!
I’m very glad to give a speech today. The topic of my speech is“Protect Wild Animals”.
Thank you!
答案：高分范文
Good morning, everyone!
I’m very glad to give a speech today. The topic of my speech is “Protect Wild Animals”.
As we all know, animals also play a part in keeping the balance of nature. Unfortunately, they are being over-hunted, and some of them are dying out. So it is urgent to take some measures to protect them. First, we must build nature reserves. Second, we should raise our awareness of
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. dozen n. 一打; 许多
The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. （教材P69）这本书还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例, 都未能像预期那样解决问题。
典例翻译
①I’d like three dozen altogether.
我一共想要3打。
②Dozens of people have been injured and many vehicles set on fire.
很多人受了伤, 很多车辆起火。
③He has lived here for two dozen years.
他已在这儿住了24年。
④There were several dozens of people there.
那里有许多人。
⑤Eggs are sold by the dozen.
蛋是按打出售的。
归纳拓展
（1）按打计算 by the dozen
（2）许多的 dozens of
（3）几打鸡蛋 several dozens of eggs = several dozen eggs
误区警示
（1）与具体数字连用时, 不加复数词尾-s; 若后接名词, 通常也无需用介词of。
（2）若不与具体数字连用, 而是表示不确定的泛指数时, 则不仅要加复数词尾-s, 而且要后接介词of, 然后才能接名词。
（3）当与a few, several, many等数目不很具体的词或词组连用时, 带不带复数词尾-s均可, 但是注意：若不带复数词尾-s, 其后的介词of可以省略; 若带复数词尾-s, 则其后介词of不能省略。
（4）若其后的名词被the, these, those等特指限定词修饰, 或其后接的是us, them 等人称代词时, 则此时必须用介词of。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①On her birthday, she always receives cards by the dozen.
② Dozens （dozen）of miles of railway track have been torn up.
③If you buy a dozen of these tins, we can take 5 percent off the price.
（2）完成句子
④为了做到这一点, 我已经搜索了几十个剧本, 找出我认为最能体现短剧的力量和目的的那些。（2020浙江卷）
To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
2. precise adj. 精确的; 一丝不苟的
The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist. （教材P69）这本书最后的五十页左右列出了卡森的资料来源, 显示了她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
典例翻译
①A lawyer needs a precise mind.
律师需要有缜密的思考。
②There were not many-five,to be precise.
数量不多——准确地说, 只有五个。
③That’s precisely what I meant.
那恰恰是我的意思。
④She gave me clear and precise instructions.
她给了我清晰而明确的指令。
归纳拓展
（1）准确地说, 确切地说 to be precise
明确的指令 precise instructions
（2）precisely adv. 精确地; 恰好; 细心地
学以致用
单句填空
①The shelf is about a metre long-well,98 cm, to be （be）precise.
②The problem is due to discipline, or, more precisely （precise）, the lack of discipline, in schools.
③Not only can a cell’s motions be precisely controlled with the device, but it can also provide very precise measurements of a cell’s position. （precise）
3. ban vt. 禁止, 取缔 n. 禁令
Its impact was immediate and far-reaching: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency （A）was established in the US. （教材P69）它的效果立竿见影, 并且影响深远：DDT被禁用, 环境保护署也在美国成立。
典例翻译
①Britain’s health experts are pushing for a ban on/against all cigarette advertising.
英国的健康专家正努力争取取缔任何形式的香烟广告。
②Smoking is now banned in many places of work.
现在许多工作场所禁止吸烟。
③In such a special stage, the law places/puts such behavior under a ban.
在这样一个特殊的阶段, 法律禁止这种行为。
归纳拓展
（1）ban（doing） sth. 禁止（做）某事
ban sb. from （doing）sth. 禁止（某人）做某事
（2）对……的禁令 a ban on/against
place/put…under a ban 禁止
“禁止某人做某事”的其他表达还有：
prohibit sb. from doing sth.
forbid sb. from doing sth.
forbid sb. to do sth.
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Chemical weapons are banned （ban）internationally.
②They are banned from swimming （swim）in the river.
③There is a ban on/against smoking in all indoor public places.
④The new rule has placed smoking under a ban.
（2）单句写作
⑤老师严禁他在课上讲话。
The teacher banned/prohibited him from talking in class.
4. launch n.&vt. 推出, 发起; 使（船）下水; 发动; 发射
Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. （教材P69）《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方世界发起绿色运动的里程碑。
典例翻译
①The launch of their new machines in this factory received much media coverage.
这个工厂投产的新机器广获传媒报道。
②Are you at the launch of the new ship?
新船下水时你在场吗？
③He launched into a lengthy account of his career.
他开始啰啰唆唆地讲述自己的工作经历。
④It’s time I launched out on my own.
该是我自己创业的时候了。
归纳拓展
（1）（火箭）发射; （船）下水; （新产品）投产 the launch of
（2）（热情地）开始做; 投入 launch into
（3）开始从事, 投身于（新的事业） launch out
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①She launched into an explanation of how the machine worked.
②She’s decided she has enough experience to launch out on her own.
③She is signing copies of her book at the official launch.
（2）单句写作
④我昨天看了火箭发射。
I saw the launch of the rocket yesterday.
5. aim to do sth. 目的在于做某事; 打算做某事
By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public…（教材P68）通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界, 她旨在不仅警告科学界, 而且提醒公众……
典例翻译
①His music is commercial. It isaimed at the masses.
他的音乐走商业化路线, 针对的是一般大众。
②I aim to learn ten new words by heart every day.
我力争每天记十个新单词。
③Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims.
要达到这些目标需要协同合作。
④All the social media took aim at the popular star.
所有的社交媒体都把矛头指向这位当红明星。
归纳拓展
（1）aim v. 以……为目标; 瞄准; 对准
目的在于, 针对 be aimed at
aim at doing sth. 目的在于做某事; 打算做某事
aim at（用枪等）对准; 目的在于; 针对
（2）aim n. 目标, 目的
实现某人的目标, 达到某人的目的 achieve one’s aim
把目标对准某人/某物; 把批评的矛头指向某人/某物 take aim at sb./sth.
with the aim of意在……
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①This activity is aimed at improving （improve） the students’ ability to listen and speak.
②I don’t know at whom the Minister’s remarks were aimed, but he ought not to say such things.
③His brother aims to be （be） a policeman.
（2）单句写作
④格林先生来访中国的目的是参观长城。（with the aim of）
Mr. Green visited China with the aim of seeing the Great Wall.
6. cause/do harm to对……造成伤害
She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans…（教材P68）她认为, 化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物甚至人类造成伤害……
典例翻译
①These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon,causing serious harm to life and the environment.
近来, 违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见, 对生活和环境都造成了极大的危害。
②If you want to solve the problem in this way,there is no harm in calling him.
如果你想以这种方式来处理问题, 你不妨给他打个电话。
③These are just some jokes. They mean no harm but fun.
这些只是玩笑。他们没有恶意, 只是为了好玩而已。
④Smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.
抽烟会对你孩子的健康有害。
归纳拓展
（1）无恶意 mean no harm
（2）做某事无害处 there is no harm in doing sth.
（3）harmful adj. 有害的; 不利的
对……有害 be harmful to…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Don’t believe him. No harm has been done （do） to him ever since.
②As second-hand smoking is more harmful （harm） and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.
③They don’t usually employ untrained workers, but there’s no harm in trying （try） your fortune.
（2）一句多译
如果使用不当, 这种药物会对你造成伤害。
④ If used improperly, the medicine will do/cause harm to you. （harm n.）
⑤ If used improperly, the medicine will be harmful to you. （harmful）
重点句型
more…than…与其说……倒不如说……
Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. （教材P69）一些人还说, 她的作品过于情感化, 科学性并不强。
典例翻译
①The book seems to be more a dictionary than one on grammar.
与其说这是一本语法书, 倒不如说是一本词典。
②It is more a lyric than a folk story.
与其说这是个民间故事, 不如说是首抒情诗。
③As we all know, actions are more powerful than words.
众所周知, 行动比语言更有力度。
④More than one person has been concerned in this affair.
不止一个人卷入了此事。
归纳拓展
（1）与……一样不 no more…than…
不如; 不及 not more…than…
（2）比……更 more+形容词/副词+than…
more than one +单数名词, 意为“不止一个……”, 在语意上虽为复数, 但作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
（3）morethan +{基数词 多于；超出(相当于over)名词 不仅仅(相当于not only)形容词/副词 非常；很(相当于very)从句 超出
学以致用
完成句子
①这本书不如那本书难。
This book is not more difficult than that one.
②他和我都不会读西班牙语。
He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am.
③他不仅仅是位作家, 还是一名教授。
He is more than a writer; he is also a professor.
④她在这部电影中与其说是演员, 不如说是制片人。而且她必须比别人做得更多, 这让她很累。
She is more a producer than an actress in this film. And she had to do more than others, which makes her more than tired .
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.The government has banned （禁止） the use of chemical weapons.
2.Looking at my puzzled （困惑的） appearance, he with a bit of embarrassment explained.
3.A volcano near Pompeii, Italy, erupted. The earth began to tremble （颤抖） and a cloud came down the mountain.
4.I must alert （提醒） him to the need to solve the problem.
5.His thorough （缜密的） knowledge and competence were recognized.
6.We have got good media coverage for the launch （推出） of the new model.
7.Deep down there in the depth of the soil, the great heart throbbed （生机勃勃） once more.
8.She was accused of knowingly （故意地） making a false statement to the police.
9.At the precise （精确的） moment when I put my foot on the step, the bus started.
10.Scarlet felt that it gave her the final finishing touch of elegance （优美）.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
urge…to, speak of, scores of, in particular, cause harm to,
carry out, be aware of, stand by, alert…to, be considered as
1.The president told the reporter that he wanted to stand by his earlier statements.
2.He urged her to come and stay with us just now.
3.He spoke of the French and their habit of standing in a queue in the lecture yesterday.
4.People around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortages.
5.There are scores of modern art styles, so which do you like best?
6.Parents and teachers should in particular act as better examples to children.
7.Drinking too much will cause harm to your health, so you’d better stop drinking.
8.He wanted to alert people to the activities of the group.
9.Even today, Lincoln is still considered as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.
10.I would like to see the project carried out .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Silent Spring
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962. Carson wrote the book 1 （aim） to alert people to the damaging effects of human activities 2 natural ecosystems. And she wished to see pesticides 3 （use） in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way. The book contains a lot of scientific information, research, examples and so on, 4 shows how precise she was as a scientist. The arguments were strong and the language was 5 （elegance） and influential. However, the book was not received positively by everyone. It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry, who said that Carson’s research was not precise. Carson appeared in public and on television 6 （defend） her claims.
Carson’s message was 7 （alarm） and its influence was immediate and far-reaching. The use of DDT 8 （ban） and the A was established in the US. The book was considered as 9 milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. Carson earned a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people’s 10 （aware） of protecting natural ecosystems.
1. aiming 2. on 3. used 4. which 5. elegant 6. to defend 7. alarming 8. was banned 9. a 10. awareness
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