高一英语寒假作业同步练习题关系代词_定语从句含解析

关系代词-定语从句

1．If you want to visit the museum, I r______ that you go there by taxi. （根据首字母单词拼写）

【答案】recommend

【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：如果你想参观博物馆，我建议你乘出租车去。句子为If引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般现在时，表示客观事实。根据单词首字母以及句意“建议”可知，空格处应用recommend，意为“建议，推荐”，动词词性，句子主语为I，recommend用原形。故填recommend。

2．There is a heated d______ on whether teenagers should date (约会). Of course, most parents and teachers think they should f______ their attention on study.（根据首字母单词拼写）

【答案】debate    focus   

【详解】考查名词和动词。句意：关于青少年是否应该约会有一场激烈的争论。当然，大多数家长和老师认为他们应该把注意力放在学习上。设空1在句中作表语，并且前面有a修饰，应用名词；设空为谓语动词，接在情态动词should后，应用原形，根据句意和首字母，故填①debate；②focus。

3．Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is s____ for the job. (根据首字母单词拼写)

【答案】suitable

【详解】考查形容词。句意：雇主通常在五分钟内就能决定某人是否适合这份工作。根据单词首字母以及句意“适合的”，可知应填形容词suitable作从句表语，be suitable for意为“适合……的”。故填suitable。

4．Gladys grows a lot of tomatoes in her g________ . (根据首字母单词拼写)

【答案】greenhouse

【详解】考查名词。句意：Gladys在她的温室里种了很多西红柿。根据首字母提示及句意可知，此处应填入名词greenhouse，in her greenhouse(在她的温室里)作地点状语。故填greenhouse。

5．She now helps in a local school as a v________ three days a week. (根据首字母单词拼写)

【答案】volunteer

【详解】考查名词。句意：她现在在当地一所学校做志愿者，每周工作三天。根据单词首字母以及句意“志愿者”以及上文不定冠词a ，可知应填名词volunteer作宾语。故填volunteer。

6．I wanted to be a b________ dancer when I was a child. (根据首字母单词拼写)

【答案】ballet

【详解】考查名词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我想成为一名芭蕾舞演员。根据单词首字母以及句意“芭蕾舞”可知，应填名词ballet，作定语修饰dancer。故填ballet。

7．The magazine is aimed at t________ and young adults. (根据首字母单词拼写)

【答案】teenagers

【详解】考查名词。句意：这本杂志的目标读者是青少年和年轻人。分析句子结构，该空作介词at的宾语，用名词，根据单词首字母以及并列结构“and young adults”可推断，应填名词teenager，表示青少年；teenager为可数名词，设空处表示复数概念。故填adults。

8．There are lots of people there who can a________ help you. (根据首字母单词拼写)

【答案】actually

【详解】考查副词。句意：有很多可以真正帮助你的人。根据单词首字母以及句意“真正地”以及下文动词help，可知应填副词actually，修饰动词。故填actually。

9．He made a sudden m________  and frightened the bird away. (根据首字母单词拼写)

【答案】movement

【详解】考查名词。句意：他突然动了一下，把鸟吓跑了。分析句子结构，该空作made的宾语，用名词，根据句意，结合首字母，可推出是名词movement，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数。故填movement。

10．People are c___________about what they should eat to stay healthy.(困惑的)(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

【答案】confused

【详解】考查形容词和固定短语。句意：人们对他们应该吃什么来保持健康感到困惑。根据所给句子和首字母以及汉语提示可推出是形容词confused“困惑的”，be confused about“对......感到困惑”，故填confused。

11．The physicist shared more ideas to encourage the younger ______(一代) to continue exploring space. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

【答案】generation

【详解】考查名词。句意：这位物理学家分享了更多的想法，以鼓励年轻一代继续探索太空。根据汉语提示“一代”，以及形容词比较级younger 可知，此处要用名词形式。故填generation。

12．If you’re cold, put an ______(额外的) coat on. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

【答案】extra

【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你觉得冷，多穿一件外套。根据汉语提示“额外的”以及后面的名词coat，可知，应填形容词extra作定语，修饰名词。故填extra。

13．It’s important for the college _________(新生) to form a good habit. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

【答案】freshman

【详解】考查名词。句意：对大学新生来说，养成一个好习惯很重要。根据汉语提示“新生”，以及the college可知，此处要用名词形式，做for的宾语。故填freshman。

14．She is a leading ________(专家) on the country’s ecology. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

【答案】expert

【详解】考查名词。句意：她是该国生态方面的权威专家。分析句子可知，设空处为表语，前面有冠词a修饰，应用名词，根据汉语提示，故填expert。

15．I experienced a different ______(冒险经历) in London every day. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

【答案】adventure

【详解】考查名词。句意：我在伦敦每天都经历一次不同的冒险。根据汉语提示“冒险经历”，以及形容词different可知此处要用名词形式，做experienced的宾语。故填adventure。

16．There is plenty of fun for _________(青少年) in summer, including camping, swimming and travelling. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

【答案】teenagers

【详解】考查名词。句意：青少年在夏天有很多乐趣，包括露营、游泳和旅行。根据汉语提示以及空前的for，可知，应填入名词teenager作宾语，teenager是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填teenagers。

17．I’ve been looking for a _______(合适的) place since I got here six months ago.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）

【答案】suitable

【详解】考查形容词。句意：自从我六个月前来到这里以来，我一直在寻找一个合适的地方。根据汉语提示，形容词suitable意为“合适的”作定语修饰名词place，符合句意及语法结构。故填suitable。

18．Her son ________ ________ ________ (沉迷于) computer games. （根据汉语提示填空）

【答案】is    addicted    to   

【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：她的儿子对电脑游戏上瘾。根据汉语提示可知用固定搭配be addicted to 意为“对......有瘾”，根据句意可知是在讲客观事实，时态用一般现在时，且与主语是主动关系，且主语是单数，故填①is②addicted③to。

19．We've discussed the unusual form of the book. Now, what about the ________ (内容)? (根据汉语提示单词拼写)

【答案】content

【详解】考查名词。句意：我们已经讨论了这本书的不同寻常的形式。那么内容呢？根据汉语提示“内容”，以及上文定冠词the可知此处应填名词作without的宾语，结合语境可知，此处的content指书的主旨大意，不可数。故填content。

20．Many schools need ____________ (志愿者) to show children how to read. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】volunteers

【详解】考查名词的数。句意：许多学校需要志愿者教孩子们如何阅读。根据汉语意思“志愿者”可知应填名词volunteer，作宾语，且volunteer为可数名词，前面没有冠词，应用复数。故填volunteers。

语法专题（定语从句-关系代词）

1. that

可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。

2. which

指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：

The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）

3. who, whom, whose

（1）who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人

（2）whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人

（3）whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的

（4）whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which  (某物的) = he + n. + of whom  (某人的)

注意：

① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用 whom；表物用 which)

② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。）

4. as

as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语

（1）如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as(与……相同)；such …as …（如此，这样）; as many/much as（和……一样多）；so/as …as（与……一样）等结构中。如：

（2）如为非限制性的，as还可以单独引导一个定语从句，代替整个主句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为＂正如，这一点＂。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）

As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)众所周知，吸烟有害健康。

练习题：

21．He is not a half such a fool _____________most of his colleagues thought he was. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】as

【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：他并不像他的大多数同事所认为的那样愚蠢。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为a fool，当先行词有such修饰时，关系代词只能用as，替代a fool，在从句中作表语。故填as。

22．The only reason _____________ he referred to for his success is that he always worked hard. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他提到他成功的唯一原因是他总是努力工作。此处是定语从句，先行词是 reason ，指物，被only修饰，在从句中作refer to 的宾语，用关系代词that。故填that。

23．Finally, the thief handed everything __________ he had stolen to the police.（用适当的单词填空）

【答案】that

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后，小偷把偷来的所有东西都交给了警察。句中先行词为不定代词everything，在定语从句中作stolen的宾语，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。

24．The prize will go to the writer ____story is most creative. （用适当的单词填空）

【答案】whose

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个奖将授予故事最具创造性的作家。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，先行词the writer，指人，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。

25．I have a friend ________ always helps me when I am in trouble. （用适当的单词填空）

【答案】who

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我有一个在我陷入困难的时候经常帮助我的朋友。本句是定语从句，关系词指代先行词friend并在从句中作主语，故填who。

26．Do you have anything ________ is important to tell me? (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你有什么重要的事要告诉我吗？分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，先行词anything，指物并且是不定代词，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。

27．The professor ________ you wish to see has gone abroad. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that/whom

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你要见的那位教授已经出国了。此处为定语从句修饰先行词professor，且先行词在从句中作宾语，指人，故应用关系代词that或whom引导。故填that/whom。

28．The International Red Cross is an organization ________ purpose is to help the sick and the needy. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】whose

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：国际红十字会是一个旨在帮助病人和有需要的人的组织。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，先行词organization在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purpose，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。

29．A shop should keep a stock of those goods ________ sell best. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】which/that

【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：商店应备有畅销商品的存货。分析可知，本句先行词为goods，在从句中作主语，指物，故本空应该用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。

30．This is the most beautiful and cleanest city ________ I have visited in China. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是我在中国参观过的最漂亮、最干净的城市。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词city，在从句中做宾语，且先行词由形容词最高级“the most beautiful and cleanest”修饰，故本空应用关系代词that。故填that。

阅读理解（应用文）

How cool can libraries be in an era(时代) of iPods and Kindles? More than you think. Only if you now where to go.

Central Library: Seattle, Washington, United States

The Central Library in Seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours. It was designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and American designer Joshua Ramus. Tours began in 2006, two years after its opening.The library holds various art exhibitions, book signings and other events, while visitors can stop by the chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime.

Trinity College Library: D．ublin, Ireland

The Trinity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I. It is the largest single library in the world, also known as the Long Room, which contains more than 200,000 of the library’s oldest books. The Long room houses one of the oldest harps (竖琴) in Ireland. Dating to the 15th century, the old harp is the model for the symbol foreland.

Geisel Library: University of California, San Diego, United States

At first glance, it looks like a spaceship. Architect William Pereira, who helped design actual space launch facilities at Cape Canaveral in Houston, Texas, designed the library in 1970. It has been featured in sci-fi films, short stories and novels. The library hosts “Dinner in the Library,” which invites readers for cocktails, and also a special speech from well-known authors.

Bishan Public Library: Singapore

Located in the heart of Bishan, the award-winning Bishan Community Library spans 4,000 square meters. It was designed to look like a tree house. The colorful pods (吊舱) that stick out of one side of the building represent books sticking from a bookshelf. Inside the library, these pods offer private spaces for reading. Its ceiling-high glass windows also make it fun to watch people walking and reading from inside the building.

31．If you want to enjoy a movie, you can go to ________.

A．Central Library B．Geisel Library

C．Bishan Public Library D．Trinity College Library

32．What makes Bishan Public Library different from the others?

A．It has very large glass windows. B．It has ever won a prize for its size.

C．Queen Elizabeth I founded the library. D．It is the largest single library in the world.

33．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To encourage readers to visit these libraries.

B．To make an advertisement about these libraries.

C．To offer some information about these libraries.

D．To tell readers the importance of visiting libraries.

【答案】31．B 32．A 33．C

【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文主要向读者介绍了4个不同主题不同特点的图书馆，向读者提供了很多和它们相关的信息。

31．细节理解题。根据文章第四段Geisel Library—It has been featured in sci-fi films, short stories and novels.可知，想看电影的话可以去Geisel Library。故选B项。

32．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Its ceiling—high glass windows also make it fun to watch people walking and reading from inside the building.可知，它那与天花板齐高的玻璃窗户使得它非常的特别，能够看到里面的人们走动或者读书，即该图书馆的大玻璃窗户使得它与其他不一样。故选A项。

33．推理判断题。根据文章第一段的How cool can libraries be in an era(时代)of iPods and Kindles?和下文所介绍的四个图书馆可推测，本文主要给读者提供四个图书馆的相关信息。故选C项。

写作（翻译）

34．众所周知，晚饭后散步对老人有好处。（汉译英）

【答案】As is known to all, walking after supper does good to the old.

It is known to all that walking after supper does good to the old.

What is known to all is that walking after supper does good to the old.

【详解】

考查时态，从句和短语。根据汉语提示可知，本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；“众所周知”可表达为as is known to all(as引导非限制性定语从句)，it is known to all that...（it作形式主语，that引导主语从句）和what is known to all is that...(what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句)；“散步”表达为walk，因其是主语，故应用动名词形式； “对......有好处”表达为do good to，该词作谓语，因主语walking是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现形式；“老人”表达为the old，此处用the+ adj.表达一类人，是复数意义。再结合其他汉语提示，故本句翻译为：As is known to all, walking after supper does good to the old./ It is known to all that walking after supper does good to the old./ What is known to all is that walking after supper does good to the old.

35．我年轻时的梦想是成为一个发明家。（汉译英）

【答案】In my youth, my dream was to be an inventor.

【详解】考查不定式和时态。根据句意，陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，本句使用主系表结构，In my youth表示“我年轻的时候”，位于句首作状语，主语为my dream，系动词为was，表示将来的动作用不定式to be an inventor作表语，故翻译为：In my youth, my dream was to be an inventor.

36．路遥知马力，日久见人心。(汉译英) 

_________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Distance tests a horse's strength. Time reveals a person's character.

【详解】考查动词时态和习语表达。此处为两句习语，可分别用“主谓宾”结构进行翻译。第一句，谓语动词应用test，主语为名词distance，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时；第二句，谓语动词应用reveal，主语为名词time，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Distance tests a horse's strength. Time reveals a person's character.

37．只工作不娱乐，聪明的孩子也变得笨拙。(汉译英) 

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【答案】All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

【详解】考查主谓一致、时态、宾语补足语。该句是俗语，句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；“只工作不娱乐”表达为all work and no play；“只工作不娱乐”是指一件事，谓语动词应该用单数第三人称形式；“笨拙的”是形容词dull；“聪明的孩子也变得笨拙”可理解为“使……成了笨拙的孩子”；Jack是美国常见的男孩的名字，这里用Jack指代所有的小孩；“聪明的孩子也变得笨拙”用“make+宾语+名词短语作宾语补足语”结构表达为make Jack a dull boy。故翻译为All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy。

38．未雨绸缪。(汉译英) 

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【答案】Always prepare for a rainy day.

【详解】考查动词短语。“绸缪”指的是事先准备。所以应考虑关于动词“prepare”的短语，prepare for…意为：为……做准备。短语中的for是介词，故应用名词短语a rainy day做for的宾语。未雨绸缪是建议人们要时刻为即将发生的事情做好准备，没有具体的主语，所以采用祈使句的形式。用副词always来表达“一直”，修饰“准备”。故翻译为：Always prepare for a rainy day.

39．百说不如一干。(汉译英) 

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【答案】Actions speak louder than words.

【详解】考查动词、可数名词富数、时态、副词比较级。根据句意，该句“百说不如一干”可理解为与俗语“行动胜过语言/行动比语言更响亮”同义；“百说”用名词word的复数形式；“一干”可理解为“行动”，用名词action的复数形式；短语“不如”应用比较级形式；“更响亮”用短语speak louder；句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为Actions speak louder than words。

40．早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(汉译英)

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【答案】The early bird catches the worm.

【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。表示“早起的鸟儿”应用短语“the early bird”，作句子的主语；表示“有虫吃”可用动词“catch(抓住)”，作句子的谓语；表示“虫”应用名词“worm”，作句子的宾语。根据汉语提示可知应使用陈述句，描述客观事实时态应用一般现在时，主语the early bird为单数，谓语动词用三单，故翻译为：The early bird catches the worm.
41．这部电影适宜儿童观看。(汉译英)

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【答案】The film is suitable for children.

【详解】

考查固定短语。表示“适宜”应用形容词suitable，由suitable构成的固定短语be suitable for sb. / sth. 意为：适合某人/某物。“这部电影”做主语，谓语用单数形式；“儿童”应用复数形式。句意描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故翻译为：The film is suitable for children.

42．她穿着一套深蓝色的衣服。(汉译英)

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【答案】She wore a dark blue suit.

【详解】考查动词、词组和名词。表示“穿着”应用动词wear，此处表示过去某个时间段的状态，可用一般过去时wore；表示“深蓝色的”应用词组dark blue；表示套装衣服应用名词suit，作宾语。故翻译为She wore a dark blue suit。

43．吉尔(Jill)的新发型不很适合她。(汉译英)

Jill’s new hairstyle_________________________________________________________

【答案】doesn’t really suit her.

【详解】考查动词和时态。根据提示，表达“发型”适合某人，应用及物动词suit，“不适合”翻译为：doesn’t suit，“不很适合”翻译为：doesn’t really suit。本句为一般现在时，故翻译为：doesn’t really suit her。