2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点(二十一)一般式语态体(真题讲解+知识总结)
展开2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义
考点(二十一)一般式语态体
课堂真题讲解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ________ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
2. Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
3. Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ________ (come) first.”
4.(Pahlsson and her husband _______ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
5. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years, the mother ________ (drive) the young panda away.
6. This cycle ________ (go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.
- In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
解析:started 根据破折号前的内容可知,此处说的是2005年发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
解析:managed 由语境可知,此处讲的是发生在过去的事情,所以用一般过去时,主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系,故填managed。
解析:comes 此句是直接引语,陈述客观事实,根据前面句子的谓语可知,动词come应该使用一般现在时。
解析:searched but后面的“turned up nothing”使用了过去时,search是与之并列的谓语动词,根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去发生的行为,故要用一般过去时。
解析:drove 此处讲过去发生的事,所以用一般过去时且为主动形式,故用drive的过去式drove。
解析:goes 此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去,由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观性陈述,故用一般现在时。
解析:was 根据“In 1969, the pollution was terrible”可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时,由于主语是It,因此此处谓语用was。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.________________
2. I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.________________
3. It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.________________
4. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.________________
5. When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!________________
6. About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.________________
7. Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot.________________
8. At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didn't seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.________________
9. Tony was scared and begun to cry.
________________
10. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.________________
解析:find→found 根据第一句中的时间状语During my last winter holiday可知,此处叙述的是去年寒假中的事情,故第二句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时。
解析:are→were 根据主句的谓语动词didn't realize和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词entered可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。
解析:begin→begun 根据语境:写作课刚刚已经开始,再结合前面的had,表明这是一个过去完成时的句子,因此把begin改为 begun。
解析:goes→went 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。
解析:came→comes 此处主句是一般将来时,when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来,且从句主语为第三人称单数,故应用comes。
解析:become→became 此句中的become和前面的entered是并列谓语,形式上应保持一致,故become应使用一般过去时。
解析:thought→think 根据前面的suggest和后面的does, can still learn 可知此处应用一般现在时。
解析:tell→told 根据前面两句的时态可知此处应用一般过去时。
解析:begun→began “was scared”与“begun”是由and连接的两个并列谓语,由“was scared”可知应用一般过去时,begin的过去式是began, begun是其过去分词,所以begun改为began。
解析:telling→told 句子的主语为“A woman”,谓语为saw, crying为宾语补足语,and连接的是两个并列谓语,而不是两个宾语补足语,所以telling改为told。
课后知识总结
[谨记规则]
(一)一般现在时
1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与频度副词及表示现在的时间状语连用。例如:
always总是 often经常 usually通常
sometimes有时 hardly ever几乎不 frequently经常
on Sundays在星期天 seldom很少 yearly每年
2.表示主语目前的性质、特征、状态或能力等。
He is a man of few words.他是一个少言寡语的人。
3.表示客观事实、普遍真理及自然现象,或用在格言中。
4.表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发生的事情,常与具体的时间状语连用。该用法常用于火车时刻表、飞机航班时刻表,以及电影开演、作息、安排等时刻表上,且仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词,例如:
come来 go去 arrive到达
leave离开 begin开始 start开始
take off起飞 finish完成 stop停止
(二)一般过去时
1.表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,其中包括过去的习惯性动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如:
yesterday昨天 in 2019在2019年
the other day几天前 ... days/years ago ……天/年前
once upon a time从前 the day before yesterday前天
last week/month/year上周/上个月/去年
2.描述过去时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。
He opened his eyes, put on his clothes quickly and jumped down from the bed.
他睁开眼睛,迅速穿上衣服,并从床上跳了下来。
[特别注意] 在before和after引导的时间状语从句中,若表示两个过去的动作相继发生,两个动作都用一般过去时,前一个动作不必用过去完成时。
Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.
亨利去华盛顿之前游览了纽约。
3.有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明,但实际上是“刚才,刚刚”发生,应使用一般过去时。如I didn't know ...或I forgot ...等表示事先或说话之前不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。
I didn't know you were here.我不知道你在这里。
(三)一般将来时
1.will/shall+动词原形
(1)表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态,shall一般用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。例如:
tomorrow明天 in the future将来
later on后来 before long不久以后;很快
next week/month/year下周/下个月/明年
the day after tomorrow后天
(2)will还可表示说话时临时作出的决定。
—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I will call him later.
——杰克逊医生现在不在办公室。
——好吧,我过会给他打电话。
2.be going to+动词原形
表示按计划、打算将要做某事;还可表示“预见”,即根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
看那些乌云。要下雨了。
3.be about to+动词原形/be on the point of+动名词
“be about to+动词原形”及“be on the point of+动名词”表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”,因此,这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但可以和并列连词when(=and at that time)引出的分句连用。
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
4.be to+动词原形
用法 | 例句 |
表示“按计划或安排即将要做的事” | They are to meet at the gate of the school. 他们将在学校门口见面。 |
表示“按照职责、义务、规定、命令等应该做某事”,相当于should, ought to | You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。 |
表示注定要发生的事情 | Your plan is to be a failure. 你的计划注定要失败。 |
(四)过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是“should/would+动词原形;was/were (going/about) to+动词原形”。
He said he would be here at nine o'clock.
他说他会在九点钟到这里。
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