高考英语实用复习八非谓语动词课件PPT

这是一份高考英语实用复习八非谓语动词课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了不定式的句法功能，作主语，作表语，作宾语，作宾语补足语，作定语，作状语，作插入语，不定式的省略，动名词的句法功能等内容，欢迎下载使用。

动词不定式
动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。其构成形式为(t)＋ d，否定式为：nt＋(t) d。
一、不定式的时态和语态(以write为例)
一、不定式的时态和语态
一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。
It's nice t meet yu.很高兴见到你。The patient asked t be perated n at nce.病人要求马上手术。
完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I happened t have seen the film.我碰巧看过这部电影。He is pleased t have been praised.他很高兴得到表扬。
进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。
The by pretended t be wrking hard.男孩假装学习得很努力。
(1)不定式作主语常表示具体的动作T finish the wrk in ten minutes is very hard.十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
(2)it作形式主语的常用句式①It＋be＋n.＋t d sth②It takes sb＋sme time＋t d sth③It＋be＋adj.＋fr/f sb＋t d sth
Her jb is t clean the hall.她的工作是打扫大厅。He appears t have caught a cld.他似乎感冒了。
(1)动词＋不定式常见的此类动词有：affrd(付得起)，agree(同意)，aim(力求做到)，appear(显得)，arrange(安排)，ask(要求)，attempt(试图)，care(想要)，chse(决定)，claim(声称)，decide(决定)，demand(要求)，determine(决心)，pretend(假装)等。
She pretended nt t see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
(2)动词＋疑问词＋不定式常见的此类动词有：decide，knw，cnsider，frget，learn，remember，shw，understand，see，wnder，hear，find ut，explain，tell等。
There are s many kinds f tape-recrders n sale that I can't decide which t buy.有这么多的录音机在特价销售，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
(3)介词＋疑问词＋不定式
He gave us sme advice n hw t learn English.他给了我们一些学英语的建议。
(1)常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有：want，wish，ask，tell，rder，beg，permit，help，advise，persuade，allw，prepare，cause，frce，invite，cnsider，call n，wait fr等。
Father des nt allw us t play n the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。We cnsider Tm t be ne f the best students in ur class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
(2)有些使役动词和感官动词如make，let，have，see，watch，hear，feel等后常跟不带t的不定式作宾补，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加t。
I saw him crss the rad.我看见他穿过公路。He was seen t crss the rad.他被看见穿过公路。
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。有以下几种情况：(1)不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”，即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者；如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词。
I have a lt f things t d.我有好多的事情要去做。 The Brwns have a cmfrtable huse t live in.布朗一家有一座舒服的大房子住。
(2)若名词前有序数词、最高级或n, all, nly等修饰，后面一般用不定式作定语。
He was the last ne t leave schl yesterday.他是昨天最后一个离开学校的。
(3)有一些抽象名词常用不定式作定语，常见的有：ability，chance, attempt, decisin, warning, prmise等。
Their decisin t give up the experiment surprised us.他们放弃实验的决定让我们很吃惊。
(1)表示目的，可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。
He wrked day and night t get the mney.他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。T buy the watch chain，she sld her hair.她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。
(2)表示结果，往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 ，常放在never ，nly等词后。
He hurried t the statin nly t find the train had gne.他匆匆赶到车站，只见火车已经走了。
(3)表示原因，常放在形容词后面。
They were very sad t hear the news.他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。
(4)表示程度：常用结构是，enugh t...
It's t dark fr us t see anything.太暗了，我们什么也看不见。The questin is simple enugh fr him t answer.这问题由他来回答是很简单的。
T tell yu the truth，I dn't like the way he talked.说实话，我不喜欢他讲话的方式。
不定式中动词的省略：保留t省略t后的动词。
If yu dn't want t d it，yu dn't need t.如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。
不定式符号t的省略：两个并列的不定式，第二个不定式符号t可省略。
He wished t study medicine and becme a dctr.他希望学医并成为医生。
动名词
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。其构成形式为：ding，其否定式为：nt＋ding。
一、动名词的时态和语态(以write为例)
一、动名词的时态和语态
动名词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。We remembered having seen the film.我们记得看过这部电影。
动名词被动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
He came t the party withut being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。He frgt having been taken t Guangzhu when he was five years ld.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
动名词作主语常表示一般的动作Reading alud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。Cllecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。
In the ant city，the queen's jb is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
(1)作动词(短语)的宾语。要记住下列动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjy，finish，suggest，avid(避免)，excuse，delay，imagine，keep，miss，cnsider，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mind，permit，frbid，practise，risk(冒险)，appreciate(感激)，be busy，be wrth，feel like，can't stand，can't help(情不自禁地)，think f，dream f，be fnd f，prevent...(frm)，，stp...(frm)，，set abut，be engaged in，spend...(in)，succeed in，be/get used t(习惯于)，lk frward t，bject t，pay attentin t，insist n，feel like
They haven't finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。
We have t prevent the air frm being plluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。
动名词作定语表示的是被修饰的事物的性质或用途。
He bught a ticket fr a sleeping car fr his vacatin.为了假期，他买了一张卧铺车票。There is a swimming pl in the backyard.在后院有个游泳池。
动名词前面带上自己的逻辑主语便构成了动名词的复合结构。其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格代替。
D yu mind my/me pening the dr?你介意我打开门吗？I can't imagine Mary's/Mary marrying such a yung man.我想不到玛丽会嫁给这样一个年轻人。
分词
现在分词的时态及语态和动名词的时态及语态构成相同。(1)现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。They went t the park，singing and talking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。Having dne his hmewrk，he played basketball.做完作业，他开始打篮球。
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
(2)现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The prblem being discussed is very imprtant.正在讨论的问题很重要。Having been tld many times，the naughty by made the same mistake.尽管被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子还是犯了同一个错误。
(1)作定语现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语放在名词后。现在分词短语作定语相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。In the fllwing years he wrked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking t the teacher is ur mnitr's father.＝The man wh is speaking t the teacher is ur mnitr's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
(2)作表语The film being shwn in the cinema is exciting.正在这家电影院上演的电影很棒。The present situatin is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。
(3)作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语强调动作正在进行，以下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see，watch，hear，feel，find，ntice，bserve，listen t，lk at，catch，leave，get，have，keep等。Can yu hear her singing the sng in the next rm?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯整晚亮着，这使他父母很生气。He kept the car waiting at the gate.他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)作状语①作时间状语(While) Wrking in the factry，he was an advanced wrker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工作者。②作原因状语Being a League member，he is always helping thers.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。③作伴随状语He stayed at hme，cleaning and washing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
(4)作状语④作条件状语Playing all day，yu will waste yur valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。⑤作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果He drpped the glass，breaking it int pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。⑥作目的状语He went swimming the ther day.几天前他去游泳了。⑦作让步状语Thugh raining heavily，it cleared up very sn.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
Our class went n an rganized trip last Mnday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Thse selected as cmmittee members will attend the meeting.＝Thse wh are selected as cmmittee members will attend the meeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。
规则动词的过去分词形式与过去式构成相同；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则，务必牢记在心。
They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
(1)表示原因Praised by the neighburs，he became the pride f his parents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。(2)表示时间Once seen，it can never be frgtten.一旦被看见，人们就忘不了它。(3)表示条件Given mre time，I'll be able t d it better.如果给予更多的时间，我就能做得更好。
(4)表示让步Thugh tld f the danger，he still risked his life t save the by.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(5)表示伴随Filled with hpes and fears，he entered the cave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。
过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动和完成，或无时间性。以下动词后可跟过去分词作宾语补足语：感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，find，ntice，bserve，listen t，lk at和使役动词have，make，get等。I heard the sng sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。He had his luggage checked an hur befre his plane left.他在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进行了安检。He spke alud enugh t make himself heard.他大声讲话，以使得别人能听见他。
非谓语动词的几个重要结构
Jhn received an invitatin t dinner，and with his wrk finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。With a lt f difficult prblems t settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。With the little by leading the way，we had n difficulty finding the village.有小男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了这个村庄。
独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物；(2)独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。
Such an able man t help yu，yu will surely succeed sner r later.有这么能干的人来帮你，你迟早会成功的。The guide leading the way，we had n truble getting ut f the frest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。Jim was listening attentively t the lecture，all his attentin fixed upn it.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上它面了。
1．Fat and salt are required _________________ (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Fast fd is full f fat and salt; by _________________ (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)3．It was a great hnur _________________ (invite) backstage at the nt-fr-prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)4．I was the first Western TV reprter _________________ (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)5．My ambassadrial duties will include _________________ (intrduce) British visitrs t the 120­plus pandas at Chengdu and thers at a research in the misty muntains f Bifengxia.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
t be invited
permitted
intrducing
6． _________________ (absrb) in deep thught，he didn't hear the sund.7．Lcal peple _________________ (invite) t attend a meeting were very pleased t share their experience.8．It _________________ (be) Sunday，we needn't g t schl.9．With ur fd _________________ (run) ut，we had t walk t a village fr help.10．His first bk _________________ (publish)next mnth is based n a true stry.
Absrbed
invited
running
t be published
11．I had great difficulty _________________ (find) the suitable fd n the menu in that restaurant.12．My chief purpse is _________________ (pint)ut the difficulties f the matter.13．Thugh _________________ (surprise) t see us，the prfessr gave us a warm welcme.14．I stpped the car _________________ (take) a shrt break as I was feeling tired.15．I stayed up late every night， _________________ (make)preparatins fr the cming exams.
finding
surprised
16．Dn't leave the water _________________ (run)when yu leave.17．In sciety，I really dn't knw wh _________________ (cmpete) fairly with.18．He gt well­prepared fr the jb interview，fr he culdn't risk ________________ the gd pprtunity.19．Gerge returned after the war，nly _________________ (tell) that his wife had left him.20．Vlunteering gives yu a chance _____________ (change)lives，including yur wn.
t cmpete
t be tld
t change
21． _________________ (set) yur watch five minutes ahead is an effective way t avid being late.22． _________________ (injure) in the leg made it impssible fr me t walk as fast as usual.23．He lked arund and caught a man _________________ (put) his hand int the pcket f a passenger.24．When she gt hme，there was a pile f mail _________________ (wait)fr her.
Being injured
waiting
1．When summer cmes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)2．I shwed them I was independent by wear strange clthes.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)3．After lks at the ty fr sme time, he turned arund and fund that his parents were missing.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)4．It was bth excited and frightening t be up there！(2016·浙江卷)5．We've been spending a lt f time sing in karake bars.(2015·四川卷)
6．He was happy that he fund a gd huse t live. 7．The air kept the balln up was escaping quickly and the balln was cming dwn. 8．I just want t thank yu fr helping me becming a different persn. 9．Seeing frm the tp f the hill，the park lks even mre beautiful. 10．I have n chice but turn t yu fr help.
keeping
11．I am lking frward t hear frm yu sn. 12．Give anther chance，I will try my best t pass the exam.
hearing
1．我想我很荣幸被邀请参观你们学校。(不定式作宾语，it作形式宾语)2．这里将要建起的桥会给当地人带来很大的便利。(不定式作定语)3．如果你想出国学习，学好英语是一件必须做的事情。(动名词作主语)4．我的爱好是听音乐和踢足球。(动名词作表语)
I think it a great hnr t be invited t visit yur schl.
The bridge t be built here will bring great cnvenience t the lcal peple.
Learning English well is a must if yu want t study abrad.
My hbbies are listening t music and playing ftball.
5．由于不知道上哪所大学，那个女孩向她的老师征求意见。(现在分词作状语)6．他的梦想是来年能被重点大学录取。(不定式作表语)7．我相信，你要赶上别人不会有什么困难。(动名词作宾语)8．发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。(过去分词作宾语补足语)
Nt knwing which university t attend，the girl asked her teacher fr advice.
His dream is t be admitted int a key cllege next year.
I am sure yu will have n truble catching up with thers.
I was surprised t find my hmetwn changed s much.
A new reprt shws 1.________ life might be like in 100 years frm nw. It describes skyscrapers that are much 2.________ (tall) than tday's buildings，underwater “bubble” cities and hlidays in space. The reprt is frm a famus cmpany. It asked experts n space，architecture and city planners fr their ideas n the future. They said the way we live，wrk and play will be 3.________ (ttal) different t hw we d these things tday and the changes in the next century wuld be 4.________ (believable)．
unbelievable
During the research，abut 2，000 adults 5.________ (questin) abut what they thught were mst likely t happen in the future. Accrding t their 6.________ (predict)，few peple will g t ffices in the future but will wrk frm hme and have wrk meetings nline. Highly develped 3D printers will allw peple 7.________ (dwnlad) a design fr furniture r a fd recipe and then “print” the sfa，table r pizza at hme. Instead 8.________ visiting dctrs，we'll all have a hme health instrument 9.________ will tell us what the prblem is and give us treatment. We'll als be ging int space t take hlidays and t get resurces (资源) 10.________(use) up.
were questined
Last summer，I went camping with my family. We were ging bating，and it is my very first time. It was ne f the scariest thing I've ever experienced，s I still tried t think psitively. Once I gt in the bat，it rcked frm side t side such much. Every time it was mved，I thught I was ging t fall int the river. That wasn't the nly frightened thing. There were thusands fish in the lake. Thankful，they were nt as scary as they lked. After calming dwn and learned sme actual skills，I started really enjying myself. I cannt wait t ging again this summer.
frightening