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高考英语语法之句子成分 课件（共26张PPT）
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这是一份高考英语语法之句子成分 课件（共26张PPT），共26页。PPT课件主要包含了主要成分，常见句子成分，句子成分，双宾语和复合宾语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语(subject)和谓语(predicate)；次要成分有表语（predicative)、宾语(bject)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补足语(cmplement)和同位语(appsitive)。
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
During the 1990s, American cuntry music has becme mre and mre ppular.（名词）We ften speak English in class.（代词）One-third f the students in this class are girls.（数词）T swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smking des harm t the health.（动名词）The rich shuld help the pr.（名词化的形容词）When we are ging t have an English test has nt been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary t master a freign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every mrning.2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught（捕捉) a bad cld. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，除常见的宾语外，还有双宾语和复合宾语两类。
They went t see an exhibitin（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.（代词）Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.（数词）They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended （假装） nt t see me.（不定式短语） I enjy listening t ppular music.（动名词短语）
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）， 例如：Lend me yur dictinary, please. 间宾 直宾（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）， 例如：They elected him their mnitr. 宾语 宾补
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, becme, get, lk, grw, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
Our teacher f English is an American.（名词）Is it yurs?（代词）The weather has turned cld.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty ne?（数词）His jb is t teach English.（不定式）His hbby（爱好）is playing ftball.（动名词）The machine must be ut f rder.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is ver.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abrad.（表语从句）
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当
His father named him Dngming.（名词）They painted their bat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the rm.（现在分词）We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.（介词短语）We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.（从句）
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.（分词） There are thirty wmen teachers in ur schl.（名词）His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.（代词）
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.（不定式短语）The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.（动名词）He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.（介词短语）
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。Light travels mst quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city fr ten years.（介词短语）He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.（不定式短语）
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。He is in the rm making a mdel plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.（状语从句）
Hw abut meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.（原因状语）I shall g there if it desn’t rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives n the third flr.（地点状语）She put the eggs int the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictinary in her hand.（伴随状语）In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.（目的状语）He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She wrks very hard thugh she is ld.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
Practice
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students gt n the schl bus. 主语 定语2. He handed me the newspaper. 间接宾语3. I shall answer yur questin after class. 谓语 状语4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 定语5. They went hunting tgether early in the mrning. 状语 状语
6. His jb is t train swimmers. 定语 表语7. He tk many phts f the palaces in Beijing. 宾语 状语8. There is ging t be an American film tnight. 谓语 主语9. He is t leave fr Shanghai tmrrw. 谓语 10. His wish is t becme a scientist. 主语 表语
11. He managed t finish the wrk in time. 谓语 宾语12. Tm came t ask me fr advice. 状语13. He fund it imprtant t master English. 形宾 真正宾语14. D yu have anything else t say? 宾语 状语15. T be hnest; yur prnunciatin is nt s gd. 插入语 状语
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语(subject)和谓语(predicate)；次要成分有表语（predicative)、宾语(bject)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补足语(cmplement)和同位语(appsitive)。
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
During the 1990s, American cuntry music has becme mre and mre ppular.（名词）We ften speak English in class.（代词）One-third f the students in this class are girls.（数词）T swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smking des harm t the health.（动名词）The rich shuld help the pr.（名词化的形容词）When we are ging t have an English test has nt been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary t master a freign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every mrning.2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught（捕捉) a bad cld. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，除常见的宾语外，还有双宾语和复合宾语两类。
They went t see an exhibitin（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.（代词）Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.（数词）They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended （假装） nt t see me.（不定式短语） I enjy listening t ppular music.（动名词短语）
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）， 例如：Lend me yur dictinary, please. 间宾 直宾（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）， 例如：They elected him their mnitr. 宾语 宾补
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, becme, get, lk, grw, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
Our teacher f English is an American.（名词）Is it yurs?（代词）The weather has turned cld.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty ne?（数词）His jb is t teach English.（不定式）His hbby（爱好）is playing ftball.（动名词）The machine must be ut f rder.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is ver.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abrad.（表语从句）
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当
His father named him Dngming.（名词）They painted their bat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the rm.（现在分词）We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.（介词短语）We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.（从句）
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.（分词） There are thirty wmen teachers in ur schl.（名词）His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.（代词）
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.（不定式短语）The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.（动名词）He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.（介词短语）
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。Light travels mst quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city fr ten years.（介词短语）He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.（不定式短语）
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。He is in the rm making a mdel plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.（状语从句）
Hw abut meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.（原因状语）I shall g there if it desn’t rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives n the third flr.（地点状语）She put the eggs int the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictinary in her hand.（伴随状语）In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.（目的状语）He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She wrks very hard thugh she is ld.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
Practice
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students gt n the schl bus. 主语 定语2. He handed me the newspaper. 间接宾语3. I shall answer yur questin after class. 谓语 状语4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 定语5. They went hunting tgether early in the mrning. 状语 状语
6. His jb is t train swimmers. 定语 表语7. He tk many phts f the palaces in Beijing. 宾语 状语8. There is ging t be an American film tnight. 谓语 主语9. He is t leave fr Shanghai tmrrw. 谓语 10. His wish is t becme a scientist. 主语 表语
11. He managed t finish the wrk in time. 谓语 宾语12. Tm came t ask me fr advice. 状语13. He fund it imprtant t master English. 形宾 真正宾语14. D yu have anything else t say? 宾语 状语15. T be hnest; yur prnunciatin is nt s gd. 插入语 状语
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