专题09 语法填空-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版

这是一份专题09 语法填空-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版，共60页。

专题09 语法填空
【2021年】
1.（2021年新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What
57. humans
58. undoubtedly
59. hotter
60. astonished
61. was
62. and
63. aching
64. mine
65. a
【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
【56题】考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
【57题】考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
【58题】考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
【59题】考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
【60题】考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
【61题】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
【62题】考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
【63题】考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
【64题】考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
【65题】考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
2.（2021年全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
【答案】41. was built
42. in
43. to walk
44. spending
45. better
46. hired
47. but
48. the
49. watchtowers
50. daily
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
【41题】考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
【42题】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
【43题】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
【44题】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
【45题】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
【46题】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
【47题】考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
【48题】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
【49题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
【50题】考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
3.（2021年全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】61. educated
62. development
63. its
64. until
65. the
66. of
67. visiting
68. financial
69. activities
70. to have
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
【61题】考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
【62题】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
【63题】考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
【64题】考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
【65题】考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
【66题】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
【67题】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
【68题】考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
【69题】考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
【70题】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
4.（2021年1月浙江卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 28． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 29． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 30． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 31． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32． 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 33． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 34． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 35．(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 36． (live) in the countryside, including 37． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

【答案】
28．and
29．that/which
30．person’s
31．is considered
32．by
33．was
34．Studied
35．sharply
36．living
37．lower
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
28．考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
29．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
30．考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
31．考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
32．考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
33．考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。
35．考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
37．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
5.（2021年6月浙江卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___41___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___42___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____45____ （sell）most of their furniture.
【答案】36. has proved/has proven
37. for
38. marriage
39. smaller
40. was painted
41. herself
42. neither
43. to plant
44. The
45. sold
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。
【36题】考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
【37题】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
【38题】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
【39题】考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
【40题】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
【41题】考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
【42题】考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
【43题】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
【44题】考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
【45题】考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___61___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___62___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___63___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___64___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ___65___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___66___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___68___ (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___69___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____70____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】61. touched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than 66. to find
67. means 68. is constructed 69. much 70. its
【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61..考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
62.考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
63.考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
64.考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
65.考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
67.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
69.考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
70.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
2.（2020·新课标Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___62___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___63___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more ___64___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times ___65___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___66___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___67___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___68___ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___69___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ____70____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】61. celebration 62. carries 63. coming 64. than 65. decorated
66. Certainly 67. with 68. to care 69. beautiful 70. the
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
61.考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
62.考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
64.考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66.考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67.考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
69.考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
70.考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist. ___61___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___62___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. ___63___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___64___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___65___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___66___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___67___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___68___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds. ___69___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____70____ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】61. whose 62. finest 63. be chosen 64. curiosity 65. When/As
66. pointed 67. to find 68. gently 69. surrounding 70. On
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
63.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
64..考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
68.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
4.（2020·江苏卷）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Humor
If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.
Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.
In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that’s true. But not all senses of humor are created equal. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by association.
When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
Some people--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor. One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.
Self-deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don’t want to overshoot the target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it too often, you can transform in the eyes of others from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.
Humor
Benefits of humor
●Humor is form of ____71____. Humor can improve one’s___72___ and personality.
●Humor can make one ____73____ in his work, study, and life.
●Humor has a positive____74____ effect when we are in difficulties.
____75____to follow
●____76____ others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor.
●Quality counts ____77____ than attitude and effort-even stupid joke can ____78____ others of risk and embarrassment.
Traps to ___79___
●One humorous complaint makes funny person. But too many complaints will _____80_____ your audience.
●Self-deprecating comments show one’s assurance. But too much deprecation will make a Chihuahua dog.
【答案】71. entertainment 72. appearance/look 73. energetic 74. psychological
75. Tips/Suggestions/Advice 76. Preparing 77. less 78. relieve/free
79. avoid/skip 80. bore/tire/exhaust
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幽默的好处，讲遵循的技巧以及所要避开的陷阱。
71.原词再现题。根据文章第一段“If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some of its biggest benefits( 如果你把幽默看作是一种可选的娱乐形式，你就错过了它的一些最大的好处)”可知，幽默是一种娱乐形式。故填entertainment。
72.语意转化题。根据文章第一段“Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. (幽默能让相貌平平的人看起来可爱，让不感兴趣的人看起来很有趣。)”可知，幽默可以改善一个人的外表和个性。故填appearance/look。
73.词性转换题。根据文章第二段“Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. (最重要的是，幽默能提升你的精力，这会对你在学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切产生影响。)”可知，幽默能使人在工作、学习和生活中充满活力。句中名词energy转换成形容词energetic故填energetic。
74.语意转化题。根据文章第三段“Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. (幽默还能使你的思维从日常烦恼中解脱出来。)”可知，幽默让你理解生活，有时帮助你在最困难时能够大笑。可以推断出当我们遇到困难时，幽默会对我们的心理产生影响。故填psychological。
75.原词再现题。根据文章第四段“So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.(所以我觉得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧会很有用。)”可知，这里为幽默所要遵循的建议或技巧。故填Tips/Suggestions/Advice。
76.语意转化题。根据文章第五段“You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. (你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题，而这些话题已经为其他人增添了幽默感。)”可知，这里指为他人准备一场有趣的对话。所填词中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填Preparing。
77.语意转化题。根据文章第六段“When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. (说到个人幽默，努力是很重要的。)”和”For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.( 对于面对面的幽默，质量并不像你想象的那么重要。你的态度和努力很重要。)”可知，质量没有态度和努力重要。故填less。
78.原词再现题。根据文章第六段“So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. (所以，即使你自己的幽默努力失败了，你也可能释放了别人长期保持的幽默。)”可知，即使是一个愚蠢的笑话也能让别人免于风险和尴尬。短语relieve/free…of…免于……。故填relieve/free。
79.归纳总结题。根据表格此栏后面的内容可知，这里是讲幽默所需要避开的陷阱。故填avoid/skip。
80.语意转化题。根据文章倒数第二段”One funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out. (对生活中某个问题的一个有趣的观察可能很有趣，但五个就是只有抱怨了，不管你认为自己有多聪明。有趣的抱怨会让人筋疲力尽。)”可知，太多的抱怨只会让人厌烦或筋疲力尽。故填bore/tire/exhaust。
5.（2020·山东卷）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___36___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___37___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___38___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___39___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___40___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___41___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___42___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___43___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____45____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】36. wealthy 37.or 38. formed 39. which/that 40. are called
41. is 42. themselves 43. walking 44. accuracy 45. for
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
36.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
37.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
38.考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
39.考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
40.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
41.考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
42.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
44.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
45.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
6.（2020·浙江卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___56___ ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ___57___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___58___ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___60___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the ___62___ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ___63___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ___64___ rise of science，changes began. New methods _____65_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】56. in 57. what 58. than 59. was needed 60. to change
61. had discovered 62. seasons 63. making 64. the 65. meant.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
56.考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
57.考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
58.考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
59.考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
61.考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
62.考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
64.考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
65.考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
【2019年】
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
61. 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
62. 【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63. 【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
65. 【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
66. 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
67. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
68. 【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
69. 【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70. 【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
62.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
63.finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
64.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
65.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
66.have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
67.but 【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
68.saying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
69.a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。
70.wonderful【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61.【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
62.【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
63.【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
64.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
65.【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
66.【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
67.【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
68.【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
69.【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
70.【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
4. 【2019·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
56. has/will have【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
57.the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
58. that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
59. cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
61. to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
62. improved【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
63. to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
65. traditional【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
5. 【2019·北京卷】
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的话让他受益终身。
1.voiced【解析】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用过去式。故填voiced。
2.facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
3.myself【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
B
Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。
4.marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
5.in【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
6.activities【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 【解析】考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用现在时或一般过去时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
8. where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
9. who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
10. meaningful【解析】考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
【2018年】
1.【2018·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61. longer　【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
62. to see 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
63.dying 【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
64.is 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
65.than 【解析】考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
66.that或which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
67.causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
68.strengthen 【解析】考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
69.energetic 【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
70.it或running 【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
2.【2018·全国卷I I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可。
61. has grown 【解析】考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
62. the【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
63. actually 【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
64. to improve【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
65. than【解析】考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。
66. pollution【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
67. global【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
68.started【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
69. that/which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
70. feeding【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
3.【2018·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
61. which/who
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”
62. the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63. loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
64. looking
【解析】考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65. challenged
【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
65. scientist
【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
67.for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
68. them
【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
69. meant
【解析】考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
70. to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。
4.【2018·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home __65__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【文章大意】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
56. dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
57. who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
58. it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。
59.visiting
【解析】考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。
60. was shocked.
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
61. have become
【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
62. affordable
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。
63. higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
64.weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
65.for
【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
【2017年】
1.【2017·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。
61. as
【解析】考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以……身份”，故填as。
62. effects
【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。
63. to process
【解析】考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。
64. are removed
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
65. a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
66. worse
【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
67. is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68. eating
【解析】考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。
69. careful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
70. which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。
2.【2017·全国卷I I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
61.crowds
【解析】考查名词，此处表示复数概念，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。
62.from
【解析】考查介词，to and from来回，故填from。
63.laying
【解析】考查动词，这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying。
64.the
【解析】考查名词，top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.
65.were used
【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were used。
66.fairly
【解析】考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。
67.it
【解析】考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。
68.managed
【解析】考查动词，此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。
69.introduction
【解析】考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。
70.successful
【解析】考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。
3.【2017·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。
61. resting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语：spend time doing sth花费时间做某事。
62. a
【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 ＂一个＂，故填a。
63. was told / has been told
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told / has been told。
64. who
【解析】考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。
65. to prove
【解析】考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。
66. education
【解析】考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。
67. invitations
【解析】考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。
68. in
【解析】考查介词。in表示＂在某方面＂，获得某项学位 ＂get a degree in…＂。
69. comes
【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
70. certainly
【解析】考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式，故填certainly。
4.【2017·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt 59 (I),＂says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了16年前的戒指失而复得的故事。
56.carrots
【解析】考查名词单复数。根据上文的"a handful of"可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。
57.shiny/shining
【解析】考查形容词。根据上文的"a"及下文的名词"object"可知，此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，故填shiny或shining。
58.so
【解析】考查固定结构。Pahlsson的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处是so...that...结构，表示"如此……以至于……"。本题容易误填such，但要注意such后面接名词，而so后面则接形容词或副词。
59.myself
【解析】考查代词。根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为"她认为我伤了我自己"，故填myself。
60.earlier
【解析】考查副词的比较级。此处表示"16年前"，故填earlier"……之前，先前"。
61.to cook
【解析】考查不定式。此处不定式表示"目的"，意为"去掉戒指以做饭"，故填to cook。
62.searched
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知，此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，故填searched。
63.swept
【解析】考查过去分词。根据上文的"got"及语境可知，此处应填sweep的过去分词形式swept，意为"被扫进"。
64.where
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。
65.a
【解析】考查冠词。此处表示"一个奇迹"，所以需要用不定冠词a表泛指。
【2016年】
1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 学科&网
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
【答案】
61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when
66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the
【解析】
61．attraction 考查名词。 形容词top后面跟名词形式。
62．was allowed考查时态和语态。根据句意作者是被允许走近这些动物。
63．officially考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。
64．to 考查介词。go back to “回到”。
65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。
66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。
67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。
68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。
69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。
70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。
2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as
46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make
【解析】本文属于说明文，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。
41．greater 考查比较级。本空所填之词和比较级less是并列关系，使用相同的比较级形式greater。
42．achievement 考查名词。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作of的宾语。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。
43．is 考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中动名词短语“Leaving... tomorrow”在句中作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，所以使用is。
44．on 考查固定搭配。be focused on“集中于……”，很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。
45．as 考查固定搭配。短语as...as possible“尽可能……”，正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要在午饭之前尽可能地高效。
46．studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。
47．regualrly 考查副词。副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中作定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly作状语修饰动词短语take short breaks。
48．a 考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会。本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。
49．to bring 考查固定短语。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。
50．make 考查祈使句。本句是祈使句，要用动词原形。此处表示要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。
3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia,especially the so-called＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China,Japan,Korea, 41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time, 45 thepopulation grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be)too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
【答案】
41.and
42.be made
43.to create
44.using
45.as/when
46.gradually
47.who
48.development
49.were
50.with
【解析】本题主要考查词法和句法知识，集中考查了词性转换，并列句，定语从句，状语从句和非谓语动词等语法知识。
41．and考查并列连词。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家，它们是并列关系，故填and。
42．be made考查固定词组。精美的筷子可能是由刻有汉字的金或银制成的。sth. be made of…某物由……制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。
43．to create考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。
44．using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝搅拌食物，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。
45．as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为＂当……时候＂，故填as／when。
46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。
47.who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
48.development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。
49.were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。
50.with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。
【2015年】
1.(2015年，全国卷I）
It was raining lightly when I 269.(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 270., I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 271.(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 272. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 273.(painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 274. car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 275.(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 276.(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 277.(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 278.(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【答案】
269.arrived
270.before/earlier
271.its
272.that/which
273.paintings
274.by
275.is
276.conducted
277.regularly
278.living
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述了作者到中国阳朔游玩的经历和感受。
269.考查时态。根据前后文时态可知，本文主要时态为一般过去时，空格处为对过去所发生事情的一般陈述，而且arrive为非延续性动词，故应用一般过去时。故填arrived。
270.考查副词。句意：几个小时前，我还在香港的家里。空后时态为过去完成时，表示过去的过去，由此可推断本句陈述在过去某时间以前发生的事情，所以空格处填入 before/earlier 表示“在……之前”。故填before/earlier。
271.考查形容词性物主代词。根据所给提示词 it 和空后名词短语，修饰名词短语 choking smog需用 it 的形容词性物主代词形式its。故填its。
272.考查定语从句。本句包含定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
273.考查名词的复数形式。根据前面的by artists in so many Chinese可推知，是在中国画作里，由前面的短语so many可知，要用名词复数paintings。故填paintings。
274.考查介词。by car乘汽车，为固定短语。故填by。
275.考查一般现在时。此句缺少谓语动词，根据句意和后句的时态，可知此处用一般现在时。Yangshuo为主语，所以系动词为is。故填is。
276.考查过去分词作定语。根据后面的by可知，A study of travelers与conduct在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填conducted。
277.考查副词。arrange为动词，应由副词regularly来修饰。故填regularly。
278.考查现在分词作定语。live与people之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。故填living。
2.(2015年，上海卷）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.access B.alternatives C.designed D.confirmed E. conflicting F. elements
G. function H. innovative I. prospective J. separate K. supporting
Considering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that with A be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 279., customers. They make business work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture to live in.
As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers come up with 280.to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These 281.solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.
As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 282.by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not 283.to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new design allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workplace. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls that 284.workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees’ 285.to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.
Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 286.demands, including budgetary limits, employees hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or possess a company’s image and will enable employees to 287.and their best.
All these 288.of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.
【答案】
279.I. prospective
280.B. alternatives
281.H. innovative
282.D.confirmed
283.C. assigned
284.J.separate
285.A. access
286.E. conflicting
287.G. function
288.F. elements
【解析】
279.根据划线部分前面的单词potential （形容词，潜在的）和or（表并列，意为或者），可以知道答案是一个形容词且意思和潜在的是相近的。结合备选答案及单词意思，只有prospective （adj. 未来的; 预期的; 可能的; 有希望的;）符合。
280.本句的句意是随着我们从以工业为基础的经济转移到知识为基础的经济，办公室设计者已经想出了一些替代传统工作环境的事物。根据划线部分前后的介词可以知道该空应该填一个名词。在备选答案中是名词的选项有三个，分别是alternatives （adj. 替代的; 另类的; 备选的; 其他的; n.可供选择的事物）； elements（成分; 原理，基础; 要素）；function（n. 功能，作用; 应变量，函数; 职务; 重大聚会;）。结合句意，不难得出答案。
281.根据划线部分后面的名词solutions（解决办法）可以知道该空应该是填一个形容词，又根据划线部分前面的代词These可以知道，后面所说的内容其实是指代前一句话的内容“设计工厂已经把一个固定的办公室转变为一个创造性地灵活环境”。备选答案中能够和创造性同义的词就只有这个选项innovative革新的
282.根据划线部分前面的has also been以及划线部分后面的by changes，这是典型的被动语态的结构形式have/has been done by sth.所以可以知道答案选项应该是过去分词形式。备选的答案有assigned（分派）；confirmed（确认），根据句意可以知道答案是confirmed.
283.根据划线部分前面的are及主语offices and work spaces （物作主语），也可以判断该题应该是过去分词形式，表被动。结合上一题（44题）剩下的备选答案，通过语意判断，该句表达的是办公室及工作空间不是分派给一个人永久使用。所以答案为assigned.
284.该句意为另一个重要的设计目标就是交流，这意味着设计者已经通过降低分割工作空间的墙来改善。根据划线部分前面的that以及前面的wall，可以判断这是一个定语从句，修饰墙。再根据句意中的交流，不能得出答案是分割的separate。
285.根据划线部分前面的employees'这个名词所有格及划线部分后的介词，可以知道这个空格要填名词形式。如果从搭配的角度来看，基本可以确定答案为access, access to 的意思是进入。如果按照意思来排除，也可以知道答案是access。本句意为“设计者也创造了一个非正式的聚会地方，同时也更新了员工进入如复印室和咖啡屋之类的地方。”
286.根据划线部分前面的结构 competing （竞争的） and ,可以知道，空格应该填写一个和competing 结构上相同（动名词形式），意思是相近的。在备选答案中，动名词的形式有两个conflicting （相矛盾的，冲突的）和supporting （支持的）。综合分析，conflicting才是和competing才是答案。
287.本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”根据划线部分前面的to，结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。到现在的备选答案只有function，所以答案就是它了。另外，要注意function可以做不及物动词动词及名词。
288.根据划线部分的前面是these，后面是of可以知道空格要填的是一个名词形式。再根据these 的指代作用，知道这个名词应该是一个还有概括意义的词。综合上面的题目，剩下的备选答案是elements（要素）和supporting（支持），其中supporting 词性不对，这也表明supporting是多余的那种选项。所以答案是elements. 本句意为“所有的这些办公室要素都有关联”
3.(2015年，上海卷）
Ask helpful Hannah
Dear helpful Hannah,
I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge289.for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea290.there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves291.any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he know he shouldn’t. The temptation to see292.is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop293.(ignore) me, he say, “In a minute.” but still checks to see if294.has posted something new on the Internet. Our life295.(interrupted). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptom. May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everyday problem.
I recently read an article about “nomophobia,”296.is a real illness people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.
Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!
Sick and Tired Sadie
【答案】
289.to check
290.that
291.as if/as though
292.who
293.ignoring
294.someone/somebody
295.has been interrupted/is being interrupted/is interrupted
296.which
【解析】
289.分析句子成分，句子已经有了一个谓语have, 所以空格填写的是非谓语形式。结合句意和结构不难得出答案。该题考查了一个结构是have sth to do sth表目的。也就是不定式作后置定语修饰urge。此句意为：他有一个持续的强烈欲望想要查看手机信息。
290.分析句子成分，该句还有三个谓语形式，is,can't stand 和may be,含有一个连词that，综合分析之后可以知道划线部分是应该填一个连词。he just can’t stand the idea 他不能忍受一种想法，that句子到最后都是idea的同位语（也就是想法的具体内容）。类似抽象名词：thought/fact/news/truth等，考生们应引起注意。
291.本句意为他表现的好像一点点小打扰就要迫使他再检查一遍手机。分析句子成分，知道behave是不及物动词，后面的句子是状语从句。然后根据划线部分是两条横线，也就是要填入两个单词，然后根据语意“好像”，不难得出答案是as if/as though.
292.根据划线部分的前面是see和后面的is,可以知道该空要填写的是一个宾语从句的连词，既作宾语从句的连词，也在宾语从句中充当主语的成分。根据语意“看谁在和他联系”，可以知道答案是who.整句的意思是“查看是谁和他联系的诱惑是如此的强列”
293.根据划线部分前面的stop可以知道答案有两种选择，一是Stop doing sth 停止做某事,doing是stop 的宾语,是要停止的动作,二是stop to do sth 是“停下来开始做另一件事”,to do是stop的状语,表示目的，是要开始做的事情。根据句意“当我要求他放下手机和停止不理睬我，他说，就一分钟。”可以知道答案是doing的形式。由于ignore是以e结尾，所以答案是ignoring.
294.分析句子成分，38空所在if从句作see的宾语，故从句缺少主语，考虑所填的是代词。根据句意“查看是否有人已经发布一些新的消息在网络上”可知填入所需代词someone或somebody.
295.本句意为“我们的生活被影响了。”分析句子成分，our life 是主语，划线部分充当的是谓语。所以该句考查的是谓语的时态，时态的特征一般是有时间的提示词。如果在没有提示词的情况下，那么根据句意只要讲得通的情况下都可以填。根据句意可以是现在完成时，也可以是现在进行时，也可以是一般现在时。另外由于是物（our life）作主语，所以都应该是使用被动语态
296.分析句子结构，这是一个非限制性定语从句的句子。先行词nomophobia无手机恐惧症，划线部分在从句中作主语，表示那些无法忍受手机不在身边的人群很可能得这种恐惧症。所以答案是which.
4.(2015年，上海卷）
Gift from a stranger
My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while.297.I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.
Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I298.(empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）.
Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me299.odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady300.(look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This301.sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.” You are just so much302.her.” You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.”303.(shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.
After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was304.(nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.
【答案】
297.As/Because/Since
298.emptied
299.an
300.looking
301.might/may
302.like
303.Shocked
304.the nicest
【解析】
297.根据句子成分分析，句子有两个谓语（was 和let ),其中let sb do sth 是固定用法，所以得出所填空格为连词。根据划线部分后的句意“我心情很好，我让她用这个”分析，前后句子构成一种因果的关系，所以答案为Because。又因为As和since作为连词时也可以表示因为，所以答案也可以是As 和Since。此外，也要注意大写首字母。
298.根据句子结构分析，空格前面的I是主语，划线部分填写的是谓语的形式。根据句意“心情很好，我清空了钱包的零钱给一个无家可归的男士以及帮助了一个女士倒车”以及中间的连词and后面的谓语helped，可以知道该空填的是一般过去式，又由于empty单词最后一个字母y，要进行变化，所以答案是emptied.
299.本句的句意是她给了我一个奇怪的表情，一半困惑，一半热切。根据句子的结构形式分析：破折号后面是一个解释说明的作用。结合划线部分后面是一个形容词加名词的情况，可以知道该空，应该是填写冠词。又由于形容词odd是以元音开头，所以答案是an.
300.该句前面As I squeezed back into my car是一个状语从句，根据句子成分分析，主句已经有了谓语形式saw,所以判断空格应该是一个非谓语的形式。由于see有一个用法是see sb doing,用于看到正在进行的事情。结合句意“当我倒车的时候，我看到同样这个女性在看着我”，综合可以得出答案。
301.本题难度较大；细心观察分析可以看到本句（This (29) _____sound crazy）中sound为原形，后面所使用的谓语形式是过去式was，那么可以判断该空应该是填写情态动词。在这里面是表示一种可能的猜测而且可能性不大，所以答案是might/may
302.分析该空的句子结构，You为主语 are为系动词，just so much为状语，me为宾语，可以得知，划线部分应该是填一个介词，构成主+be+介词+宾语的结构。根据句意，你和她非常的像。可以知道该空的答案是like.
303.划线部分后接逗号，单独一个词作状语。该词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，根据句意“非常震惊，我自动从她手中接过。”由于是用于指我震惊，所以用词是ed结尾，另外，shocked分词的形式是作为形容词，它常用作状语。
304.根据划线部分后的表达“gift I'd ever received”,意为我曾经收到的礼物。其中隐含的一个意思就是收到礼物中最好的一个，隐含一个最高级。整一个句子的意思是，这是我收到的最好的一个礼物。另外最高级的形容词前面还需要一个the，所以答案是the nicest.
5.(2015年，湖南卷）
Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because,305.you have computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all you information, you don't have to go to306.library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet307.print the copies needed. Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you308.always rely just on the Internet for you research.
While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become309.complex. There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed310.the amount of information. You need to learn311.to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also,312.need to check the accuracy of it.
【答案】
305.if
306.the
307.and
308.shouldn’t
309.more
310.with
311.how
312.you
【解析】本文讲述了如何对要做研究的数据、信息经行收集和筛选。
305.if；作者开头所说的研究变得简单且复杂，然后根据后文的you can find information you need by searching the Internet.可知作者想分别说简单之处和复杂之处分别在哪，作者首先说了简单之处在哪。句意：如果你有电脑，你就你能够通过上网找到你需要的信息。故填if
306.the；固定词组：Go to the library去图书馆。句意：你所要的信息，都不需要去图书馆找相关资料，做笔记。故填the
307.and；find resource和print the copies是并列关系，用and连接。句意：相反，你可以从网上找到你想要的资料然后将它们打印下来。故填and
308.shouldn’t；根据前文作者告诉我们：你应该从不同的方面找不同类型的资料。句意：那就是说，你不应该常常依赖于互联网。故填shouldn’t
309.more；根据文章的第一段开头：Research has become both simpler and more complex.可知第一段说完研究变得更简单后，此段开始陈述研究的复杂之处，故填more
310.with；固定词组：be overwhelmed with忙着做…；句意：有很多的材料都很适合你的研究，这就意味着你将忙于筛选各种信息。故填with
311.how；句意：你需要知道怎样从中筛选出对你研究有用的相关信息。根据句意，故填how
312.you；根据分析，此句缺少主语，故填you，而不是其他代词，因为上一句的主语是you，且有also作为连接。句意：当然，你也需要去求证它们的准确性。故填you
【2014年】
1.(2014年，全国卷I）
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It313.(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it314.(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of315.most outstanding（杰出的）examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days316.even a few months. It took years of work 317.(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is318.(clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit319.is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are320.(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the321.(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 322.(patience).
【答案】
313.was
314.actually
315.the
316.or
317.to reduce
318.cleaner
319.that/which
320.amazing
321.changes
322.patient
【解析】 本文通过借用凯霍加河在以前污染非常严重，经过多年的努力，艰苦的工作终于有了回报，河水变干净了的事实告诉我们：当你面对看起来不可能解决的事情时，要敢于想办法慢慢解决，不能急躁，因为很多变化都是逐渐发生的，需要很多努力，我们需要耐心一点。
313.考查动词过去时态和主谓一致。根据本段第一句In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.可知本段叙述的是过去发生的事情。the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio在过去被污染地如此地严重，所以说过去没有人能够想象到这条河被清理干净。又主语“It”为三单，故填was。
314.考查副词用法。本句中使用副词actually做状语修饰谓语动词caught fire，actual是形容词，不能在句中做状语，通常只做定语或者表语修饰名词。故填actually。
315.考查冠词。横线后是形容词最高级most outstanding，形容词最高级前要加the,故填the。
316.考查连词。从上一段最后一句可知几年后，这条河是环境净化最杰出的例子之一。从语境可知这条河流的改变不是几天或者几个月的事情。因此前后是转折关系，故用but。
317. 考查固定句式。固定句式：It takes sb. st to do sth.某人做某事花了多少时间；句中的不定式to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water是句子真正的主语。前面的it是形式主语。故填to reduce。
318. 考查比较级。本句： the water in the river is ___6___ (clean) than ever，横线后面有than，说明横线上应该使用比较级的形式。故填cleaner。
319. 考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which / that。
320.考查形容词修饰物的。凡是－ed结尾的都是形容人的，表示“人感到……”，－ing结尾都是形容物的，表示“令人感到……”。本句___8___ (amazed) stories中此处修饰“stories 故事”，所以要用amazing。故填amazing。
321. 考查名词复数。横线后面是系动词are，说明横线处主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以用changes。故填changes。change既可以作名词也可以作动词，在此为名词。
322.横线前面有系动词be，说明此处应用形容词，本句是一个祈使句be patient耐心一点。patient形容词，意为“耐心的”； patience名词，意为“耐心”。故填patient。
2.(2014年，上海卷）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.alert B.classify C.commit D.delicately E. gentle F. impose
G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply
Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food323.at the supermarket. Since you really324.yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help325.some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.
Governments don't have to326.healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with327.hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.
The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to328.foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains329.by looking at the lights on the package. A green light330.that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be331.; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in332.. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.
【答案】
323.G
324.C
325.I
326.F
327.E
328.B
329.K
330.J
331.A
332.H
【解析】试题分析：文章介绍人们都希望有健康的生活方式和饮食，但是没有时间计划，这里介绍了两种方法，一种是“choice architect”，还有一种是“交通灯系统”。
323.你没有时间仔细计划菜单和阅读超市的食品标签。这里需要名词“标签”labels，所以选G。
324.既然你真正的想致力于健康的生活方式，一点点小的帮助都是很方便的。考查词组“commit oneself to sth.致力于，所以选C
325.这里有一个“choice architect”可以帮助你缓解自己做这件事的负担。这里需要动词“减轻”relieve。所以选I
326.政府不会通过法律强加健康的生活方式，这里需要动词“强加”，impose，所以选F
327.根据上文的gently可知这个想法是将自由的选择和choice architect 的温柔的gentle暗示结合起来，选E
328.英国和瑞典政府已经介绍了所谓的“交通灯系统”来将食物分类为健康或不健康。这里使用动词“分类”classify，所以选B
329.消费者通过简单的看看包装上的灯就可以看见产品包含的脂肪糖和盐，这里需要副词simply简单地，所以选K
330.绿色的灯表示这三种营养的含量是健康的。这里需要动词“发信号，表示”signal，所以选J
331.黄灯表示消费者应该警觉了。这里使用形容词“警觉的“alert”，所以选A
332.红灯表示这些食物至少有一种营养是含量很高的，所以应该被适当的食用。考查名词“适度”moderation，所以选H
3.(2014年，福建卷）
阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填人一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确，并将该词完整地写在答题卡中相应的横线上。
Many of us were raised with the saying "Waste not, want not.” None of us,333., can completely avoid waste in our lives.
Any kind of waste is thoughtless. Whether we waste our potential talents, our own time, our limited natural334.（资源）,our money, or other people's time, each of us can become more aware and careful. The smallest good habits can make a big335.. It's a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our336.in a world that is in serious trouble. By focusing on337.（节省）oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part338.cutting down on waste.
We must keep reminding339.（自己）that it is easier to get into something340.it is to get out of it. Actually, severe damage341.d ____to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution. It's time for us to342.no to waste so that our grandchildren’s children will be able to develop well. We can't solve all the problems of waste, but we can encourage mindfulness.
Waste not！
【答案】
333.however
334.resources
335.difference
336.best
337.saving
338.in
339.ourselves
340.than
341.done
342.Say
【解析】
333.however。句意：然而，在我们的生活中，没有人能完全避免浪费。位于句中，前后都有逗号，用副词，所以填however。
334.resources。作waste的宾语，故用名词形式，且用名词复数。
335.difference。句意：最小的好习惯也会产生不同。make a difference是固定用法，意思是产生不同。
336.best。try one’s best是固定用法，意思是尽某人最大的努力。
337.saving。介词on之后用动词的-ing形式。
338.in。play a part in是固定用法，意思是对…..有影响。
339.ourselves。句意：我们必须不断的提醒我们自己，所以填反身代词ourselves。
340.than。这里进行比较，所以用比较句式，故填than。
341.done。“严重危害”和“作用于”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
342.say。句意：是时候对“浪费”说不了。It is time for sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意思是是时候做某事了。
4.(2014年，广东卷）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said343.was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.
After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months344.（early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We345.（tell）that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week,346.for the week after. I didn’t understand347.this would happen and my credit card had already been charged348.the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was349.（surprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on350.top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach351.we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little352.（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
【答案】
343.it
344.earlier
345.were told
346.but
347.why
348.for
349.surprisingly
350.the
351.where
352.sunburned/ sunburnt
【解析】
343. 考查代词。Said作为谓语动词，后面缺少一个真正的宾语，又要考虑到后面的系动词was，所以空里填写的是一个名词，根据上下文语境这次填写的应该是miami，因为上文出现过所以用it代替。故填it。
344. 考查形容词比较级。根据前文的had made，可知道动作是发生在以前，所以用earlier。
345.考查动词时态语态。根据时态语态以及主谓一致。文章的整体时态是发生在过去，所以用过去时态，根据语境可知“我们被告知”所以用被动语态。.故填were told。
346.考查并列连词。前后的for the week以及后面的for that week可知前后是对比的关系。翻译成不是…..而是….故填but。
347.考查宾语从句的连接词。前面的“我不知道….”所以这里是引导的一个原因，所以连接词是why。
348.考查介词。Charge…for….为….而索要费用。故填for。
349.考查副词。根据后面的helpful可以判断出该空应该填写一个副词来形容形容词。故填surprisingly。
350. 考查冠词。On the top of sth在….的最顶部。故填the。
351. 考查定语从句连接词。Beach是一个描述地点的单词，后面作为一个修饰beach的成分故要用where作为连接词。故填where。
352.考查动词变为非谓语动词。因为该句的主语是we，所以主语和谓语之间的关系是被动。翻译成被灼热，被晒伤。故填sunburned/ sunburnt。
【2013年】
1.(2013年，广东卷）
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 1 (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, "Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 2 too little."
His son looked surprised. "I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money?"
"That would be a very 4 (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
Nick's guests, 5 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it."
"But such a small thing couldn't 8 (possible) destroy a village."
"In the beginning, there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 10 (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today."

1.【答案】found
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。在主格人称代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境可知用一般过去时。
2.【答案】nor
【解析】考查连词之并列连词。nor构成并列连词neither...nor。
3.【答案】why
【解析】考查疑问副词。why not do sth (何不做某事)？是固定句式。
4.【答案】reasonable
【解析】考查形容词之名词变形容词。在名词前作定语要用形容词。
5.【答案】who
【解析】考查连词之定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词是人，故填who。
6.【答案】at
【解析】考查介词。因名词a low price在句中不作主语、动词的宾语，应为介词的宾语；根据习惯搭配，用介词at。
7.【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。show respect for表示尊重。
8.【答案】possibly
【解析】考查形容词和副词互换。修饰谓语动词作状语，用副词。
9.【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。a small amount of(少量的)是固定搭配。
10.【答案】thinking
【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。
【2012年】
1.(2012年，广东卷）
Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day ,363.(wear) sun glasses . He walked in as if he364.(buy) the school ,And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .
For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt365.(please), because there were many empty seats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in366.last row.
367.he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little368.(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turn to look at him, they had to look at Mary ,369.made her feel like a star .
“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head .”Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class .I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher370.a few seconds and all the other students wondered371.the boy would do .Then he took372.off , gave a big smile and said “That is cool.”
【答案】
363.wearing
364.had bought
365.pleased
366.the
367.If
368.harder
369.which
370.for
371.what
372.them
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述Mary在教室第一次见到那个男孩的情景。
363.考查非谓语动词。根据句意 “一天他戴着太阳镜突然出现在教室里”。此处应填一个非谓语动词，因已有谓语动词appeared，，动词wear前又没有并列连词，即wear不是并列谓语，，它应是非谓语动词做状语，又因he 与wear间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词表示伴随状态，故填wearing 。
364.考查虚拟语气。as if好像，引导方式状语从句，从句用虚拟语气，主句是一般过去时态，所以从句用过去完成时态来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气， 句意是：他走进来，好像他买了这所学校。故填had bought。
365.考查同位语从句。word 在此处表示“消息”，后面应是that引导的同位语从句，句意是：他来自纽约的消息传开了。所以填that 。
366.考查形容词，在系动词felt后做表语，用来形容人，此处是“玛丽感到高兴”。所以填pleased。
367.考查比较级。 hard可以作形容词和副词。根据意思a little放在比较级前面加强语气,此处要用比较级harder，表示“更难一点”。
368.考查从属连词，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，故用which 引导。此题错填为who，误认为先行词为Mary。
369.考查介词。句意是：因为医学理由你需要戴眼镜吗？for 在此处表示“因为---，为了---。”故填for。
370.考查介词。表示某个动词或状态延续了多久，用”for+时间段”，句意是：新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟。故填for 。
371.考查从属连词，what引导宾语从句，同时在宾语从句中做宾语，起双重作用，句意是：所有其他男孩想知道这个男孩想做什么。故填what。
372.考查代词 指代those glasses,作took off的宾语，用人称代词宾格。故填 them。