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英语选择性必修 第一册Lesson 1 Teachers教课内容课件ppt
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这是一份英语选择性必修 第一册Lesson 1 Teachers教课内容课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了素养导航 ，Ⅰ知识体系图解 ，重点词汇 ，重点短语 ，重点语法过去完成时，答案 FTTTF ，答案C ，答案A ，答案B ，had been 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
主题语境——人与社会 社会服务与人际沟通
The Imprtance f Teacher-Student RelatinshipsThe relatinship between a teacher and his students is ne f the mst influential① factrs in a learning envirnment.This is a key element affecting students’ prgress,engagement f schl and academic mtivatin.Interactins② between the teacher and his students are nt nly affected by many factrs but in turn③,als affect behaviur and academic utcmes f students.Psitive and supprtive relatinships between students and their teacher greatly increase an intelligence f belnging and mtivate students t willingly take part in different classrm activities.It is very imprtant that the interactin between the teacher and his students shuld be supprtive f the learning envirnment.The relatinship between the teacher and his students has been fund t have great effects n④ learning and schling experience f the students.
An educatr shuld plan t enhance⑤ their cmmunicatin with students t allw fr⑥ the quality f learning.If the relatinship between the teacher and students is psitive,it has several benefits at all levels f an educatinal establishment,inside the classrm and acrss the whle schl envirnment.
There are a number f advantages frm increased engagement t the self-esteem f establishing a psitive teacher-student relatinship between instructrs and pupils f all age grups.The presence f psitive student-teacher interactins alne des nt change academic success,but learners that create a strng bnd⑦ with their teachers perfrm better than thse learners wh have sme cnflict⑧ with their teachers.Teachers can help in imprving the academic success f the students by expressing cnfident expectatins fr every student,giving students similar pprtunities t take part in class discussin and mtivate students that they are self-cnfident in their ability t get success when it cmes t their hmewrk r cursewrk. A healthy and psitive relatinship between students and teachers can be enrmusly favurable at all stages f an educatinal institutin,inside the classrm and acrss the whle schl envirnment.
词海拾贝①influential adj.有影响的②interactin n.互动③in turn反过来④have great effects n对……有巨大的影响⑤enhance v.增强,改善⑥allw fr顾及,考虑到⑦bnd n.纽带⑧cnflict n.冲突
典句欣赏The presence f psitive student-teacher interactins alne des nt change academic success,but learners that create a strng bnd with their teachers perfrm better than thse learners wh have sme cnflict with their teachers.译文:积极的师生互动本身并不会改变学生在学业上的成功,但是那些与老师建立了牢固联系的学生,会比那些与老师有冲突的学生表现得更好。分析:这是一个并列复合句。句中but连接两个并列分句,第一个分句是一个简单句;第二个分句中that引导一个定语从句,先行词是learners。wh引导第二个定语从句,先行词为thse learners。
理解诱思Hw can a teacher help imprve students’ academic success?
答案:By expressing cnfident expectatins and giving them similar pprtunities.
Sectin A TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
1.trait n. 2.niece n. 3.nephew n. 4.secndary adj. 5.flu n. 6.angle n. 7.triangle n. 8.hydrgen n. 9.rcket n.
特性,品质 侄女,外甥女 侄子,外甥 中等教育的;中级的;次要的 流行性感冒,流感 角 三角形 氢 火箭
10.fuel n. 11.presentatin n. 12.acid n. 13.nin n. 14.educatinalist n. 15. vt.主办;……的东道主 n.主人;主持人 16. n.幽默感 17. adj.热爱的,酷爱的;具有强烈信念的 18. adj.外向的,好交际的 19. adj.难以置信的;极好的 20. adv.偶尔;偶然
燃料 报告;陈述,说明 酸 洋葱 教育(学)家
hst humur passinate utgingincredible ccasinally
21. adj.情感上的;情绪上的 22. adv.极度,极其 23. adj.感激的,感谢的 24. adj.实际的;实践的;切实可行的 25. vt.灌,注,倒 26. vt.缺乏 27. n.行为,举止 28. vt.拖,拉 29. n.进入;接触的机会 30. adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的
emtinalextremely grateful practical pur lackbehaviur drag access wrthwhile
1.fr the first time 2.pur int 3.a cuple f 4. 过去经常,曾经 5. 总计达到 6. 点燃 7. 建立 8. 准许进入
初次,第一次 投入(倒)……于某物 一双,一对
used t add up t set ff set up have access t
重点句式1.Smetimes I think,if nly I culd call him and ask fr his pinin!2.Then we culd make sure that we fund the path t success,bth at schl and in later life,fr all f them.
Ⅱ.阅读导学A.阅读P8-9文章,判断正(T)误(F)。1.I did well in maths befre I met Mr Jenkins began t teach me maths when I was Jenkins tried his best t make his class interesting and Jenkins helped me t build my the help f Mr Jenkins,I gave presentatins t the class everywhere again and again.
B.阅读P8-9文章,选出最佳选项。1.What can we knw abut Mr Jenkins?A.He was an excellent English was a bad teacher with a bit wuld explain hard things with practical wuld frce students t give presentatins t the did Mr Jenkins think f Graham when they met fr the first time?A.Bred. D.Bright.
3.What did Mr Jenkins regret by the example f Graham?A.He didn’t create a strng bnd with all didn’t give equal pprtunities t each didn’t mtivate his students t discuss in class didn’t encurage his students t build their can we infer frm the last paragraph?A.Teaching is a jb with challenges and is t prepare students fr their future shuld have great effects n their shuld strengthen their cmmunicatin with students.
Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.He asked me where I (be) during the summer hlidays. 2.What Jane (d) by the time she was seven? 3.I (learn) 900 English wrds by the time I was ten. 4.She (live) here fr a few years befre she mved t Beijing. 5.By the time my parents reached hme yesterday,I (ck) the dinner already. 6.She said she (see) the principle already.
had learned
7.She said her family (hide) themselves frm the army during the war. 8.By the time he was 20 years ld,he (cmplete) the university. 9.She (write) a number f bks by the end f last year. 10.He (learn) t play the pian befre he was 11 years ld.
had cmpleted
had written
1.has a similar persnality/the same sense f humur with me和我有相似的性格/相同的幽默感(P6)【词汇精讲】humur用作名词,意为“幽默感”,还可以表示“幽默;诙谐;脾气;情绪”。humur在美式英语中写为humr。Her humur adds salt t her cnversatin.她很幽默,谈起话来妙趣横生。Every man has his humur.各人有各人的幽默。He’s been in a bad humur fr days.好多天来,他的情绪一直不好。
【词汇拓展】a sense f humur幽默感in a gd/bad humur心情好/坏in n humur没心思ut f humur情绪不好humrus adj.幽默的;滑稽的He is in n humur fr supper.他没心思吃晚饭。Dad is always in a gd humur fr gardening.爸爸干园艺活时,心情总是很好。【微写作】 The humur was s humrus that the audience laughed all the way thrugh it.这个幽默真的很幽默,观众自始至终都在笑。
2.utging 外向的,好交际的(P6)【词汇精讲】utging用作形容词,意为“外向的,好交际的”,还可以表示“即将离职的;出发的”。He is an utging and lively persn.他是个性格开朗而又活泼的人。She is the utging head f a large crpratin.她是一家大公司即将离职的负责人。Any utging ray path must be cincident with that f the returning ray.任何发出的射线与返回的射线路径必须完全相同。
3.My mther tk care f me and then when I was feeling better the next week,she hsted anther Christmas dinner just s I culd enjy what I missed.我妈妈照顾我,然后当我下周感觉好点的时候,她又举办了一次圣诞晚餐,这样我就可以享受我错过的东西。(P104)【词汇精讲】 在本句中hst用作动词,意为“主办;……的东道主”。hst还可以用作名词,意为“主人;主持人”。hst作“东道主,主人”解时,与其相对的阴性名词是hstess。Mr Marce will hst the receptin tnight.马斯先生将主持今晚的招待会。At the end f the party,we thanked ur hst and went back hme.宴会结束时,我们感谢了主人后便回家去了。
【微写作】 As a hstess,she began t hst “Big Bsses” lunches,where she wuld try t persuade lcal business leaders t cntribute t the cause.作为东道主,她开始主持“大老板”午餐会,试图说服当地的商业领袖为这项事业做出贡献。
4.It’s gd that we take sme time ccasinally t remember sme f the psitive things in life,dn’t yu agree?我们偶尔花些时间来记住生活中一些积极的事情,这很好,你同意吗?(P104)【词汇精讲】 在本句中ccasinally用作副词,意为“偶尔;偶然”。Husband and wife shuld switch rles with each ther ccasinally.夫妻应该偶尔互换角色。
【词汇拓展】ccasin n.场合;时机n ccasin有时,偶尔if the ccasin arises (=if the ccasin shuld arise)必要的时候n ne ccasin曾经,有一次n several ccasins屡次,好几次take/seize the ccasin t d抓住……的时机,乘机……ccasinal adj.偶尔的Sharing bread,whether during a special ccasin r at the family dinner table,is a cmmn symbl f reunin.无论是在特殊的场合还是在家庭宴会的餐桌上,分享面包都是通用的团聚符号。He seized the ccasin t invite her hme fr dinner.他抓住机会邀请她到家里吃晚饭。On ccasin he went t Lndn t spend the weekend.有时他去伦敦过周末。
【词语辨析】 ccasin、situatin、cnditin与case(1)ccasin指特定的“时机,场合”;situatin往往指“情况,形势”;cnditin指某时某处事情发展、存在的状况、状态或条件;case常指事物的特定情况、事情的真相和始末,如“病例,案件”等。如:All the peple invlved in this case must be present.所有与这起案件相关的人都必须到场。The current internatinal situatin is nt ptimistic.目前的国际形势不容乐观。Living cnditins have imprved here ver the past few years.这里的生活条件在过去几年已得到改善。It is nt very suitable t sing such a sng n this frmal ccasin.在这种正式场合唱这样一首歌是不太合适的。
(2)ccasin后面的定语从句多由when或n which引导;situatin、case后面的定语从句多由where或in which引导。如:There are ccasins when/n which ne must give in.任何人都有不得不让步的时候。In the study f mdern science,there’re many cases where sldiers can teach fficers.学习现代科学知识,士兵可以教军官的情况很多。Smetimes yu are in a situatin where everything ges against yur favur.有时你会遇到什么都不顺的情况。
5.The nly thing I can remember frm schl maths is that the angles f a triangle add up t 180 degrees!我唯一记得学校数学课的内容就是三角形的内角和是180度!(P8)【词汇精讲】 在本句中add up t意为“合计达,总计达”。Hw much des the bill add up t?账单加起来一共是多少?
【词汇拓展】add t使增强,使增加,使扩大add up把……加起来,相加; 合乎情理,有道理把……加到……里add that...补充说……This lessn adds t the value f the bk.这一课增加了这本书的价值。He wrte dwn the weight f each stne and then added up all the weight.他记下了每块石头的重量,然后再把这些重量加起来。
6.But when I was 15 and went int Mr Jenkins’ class,I really became interested in a subject fr the first time.但当我15岁进入詹金斯先生的课堂时,我第一次真正对一门学科产生了兴趣。(P8)【词汇精讲】在本句中fr the first time意为“第一次”。sb d sth fr the first time某人第一次做某事=It is the first time fr sb t d sth=It/This/That is the first time that sb have dne sthHe has gt full marks in the English exam fr the first time.他第一次在英语考试中得满分。
【词汇拓展】in time 迟早;最后;及时n time准时all the time一直,始终at ne time曾经,一度at a time每次,逐一frm time t time有时,偶尔in n time立刻,马上at times有时The car came t a stp just in time t prevent an accident.汽车及时停了下来,避免了一场事故。We’ll have had the leak fixed in n time.我们很快就会把漏洞修好的。
【技巧点拨】in time后可接fr sth/t d sth 的形式,意为“做某事及时/来得及”。
7.He used t explain things which seemed difficult with lts f practical examples and in simple language.他过去常常用大量的实例和简单的语言来解释那些似乎很难的事情。(P8)【词汇精讲1】在本句中used t意为“过去经常,曾经”。When I was a kid,my siblings and I used t have ice cream fr dessert.在我孩提时,我和我的兄弟姐妹经常吃冰激凌当甜点。
【词汇拓展1】be used t适应,习惯于……be used t d sth被用来做某事be used as...被用作……(1)used t“过去常常”,指的是过去的习惯性动作,目的在于与现在形成对照。其中t是不定式符号,后面跟动词原形。如:I used t g fishing every Sunday.我过去每周日都去钓鱼。(2)be used t d sth“被用来做某事”,实际上是动词use的被动语态,t是不定式符号。如:A metal bar was used t frce the dr pen.用金属棒把门撬开了。
(3)be/get/becme used t“习惯于”,t是介词,后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。be used t表示状态,而get/becme used t则表示由“不习惯”到“习惯于”的过程,意思是“(变得)习惯于,开始习惯于”。如:Sme peple are really nt used t using credit cards.有些人确实不习惯使用信用卡。At first I didn’t knw hw t d it.By and by I have gt used t it.起初我不知道怎样做,但渐渐地我就习惯了。(4)短语get/be accustmed t也可表示“习惯于”,其中t是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语。如:This is nt the kind f treatment I am accustmed t.这不是我习惯受到的那种待遇。
【词汇精讲2】在本句中practical用作形容词,意为“实际的;实践的;切实可行的”。用于人则指其是注重实际的,或者具有实际工作能力的,也可指具体的或抽象的事物具有实用性。作“有实际经验的”解时,无比较级和最高级形式。It’s an interesting idea,but there are many practical difficulties.这是一个很有意思的想法,然而却存在着许多实际困难。The wner’s brther has been in practical cntrl f the firm fr years.该店主的弟弟实际控制该商行已有多年。
【词汇拓展2】fr all practical purpses实际上,事实上practise v.练习,训练practice v.练习,训练 n.练习,习惯,惯例;实践practise/practice ding sth练习做某事impractical adj.不切实际的;不实用的【微写作】 It was a practical traditin.During the summer vacatin,I practiced hard with thers regardless f the ht weather.这是一个实用的传统。暑假期间,不管天气多热,我都和大家一起努力练习。
8.I remember that he let me pur sme fuel int the rcket,and then anther student lit a match t set it ff.我记得他让我往火箭里倒了一些燃料,然后另一个学生划着了一根火柴把它点燃。(P8)【词汇精讲】在本句中pur用作动词,意为“倒;倾泻”。还可以表示“不断流动;蜂拥而来”。Althugh I pured it carefully,I spilt sme f the il.虽然我倒油时很小心,但还是洒了一些。She watched the rain puring dwn the windws.她注视着顺着窗户往下淌的大雨。The shps and ffices pur millins f wrkers int the street at this time f day.一天的这段时间有数以百万计的工作者从商店和办公场所涌向街头。
【词汇拓展】pur dwn向下倾注;流下pur in大量地涌进来;倒入,使涌入pur int不断地或大量地流进或涌进pur ut倒出;倾诉;倾吐That summer a trrential rain pured dwn fr tw days and nights.那年夏天,一场暴雨下了两天两夜。The chimney was puring ut black smke.烟囱里冒出滚滚黑烟。
9.The prblem was that I lacked cnfidence in myself.问题是我对自己缺乏信心。(P8)【词汇精讲】在本句中lack用作动词,意为“缺乏,不足”。lack还可以作名词,表示“缺乏;无”。But yu can’t be successful when there’s a lack f trust in a relatinship that results frm an actin where the wrngder takes n respnsibility t fix the mistake.但如果出错的人不负责修正错误的话,那么一段关系中就会出现信任缺失,那么你就不会成功。They lacked a clear understanding f the prblem.他们对这个问题缺乏清楚的认识。
【词汇拓展】lack fr sth需要某物lack fr nthing一无所缺be lacking in缺乏(品质、特点等)fr lack f因缺乏have n lack f不缺乏be shrt f缺少Many small plants in that cuntry clsed dwn fr lack f fuel.由于燃料不足,那个国家很多小厂都关闭了。Hilary went t the bank because she was shrt f mney.希拉里去银行取钱,因为她缺钱用。
10.The first day he walked int my class,he was dragging his schlbag behind him and lking bred,but as sn as I set up an experiment t shw hw the human stmach wrks using acid and an nin,he gave me his full attentin.第一天,他走进我的教室,身后拖着书包,看起来很无聊。但是,当我开始做一个实验,展示人类的胃是如何利用酸和洋葱来工作的时候,他就全神贯注地听我讲了。(P9)【词汇精讲】在本句中drag用作动词,意为“拖,拉”。还可以用作名词,意为“ 拖;拉;累赘;阻力”。He dragged the heavy case acrss the flr.他在地板上拖着那个沉重的箱子。The cat is really excited by the drag f the basket n the flr.在地板上拖着篮子玩可着实让那只猫兴奋了一回。
【词汇拓展】drag dwn把……向下拖,使衰弱drag in插入讨论中drag n使拖延drag ne’s feet拖着脚走,迟缓误事,拖拉,不合作drag ut使拖延,延长drag up把……拉扯大;重新提起;翻……的旧账It’s the high fever that’s been dragging him dwn.是这场高烧把他的身体拖垮的。Let’s nt drag ut the discussin—we need t reach a decisin.别让这场讨论拖得太久,我们得作出决定。
【词语辨析】 drag、draw与pull这三个词的共同意思是“拉,拖”。其区别是:首先,draw和pull都指拉向施动者,而drag则指拖向另一地;其次,drag所拖之物一般较重,pull多为一时突然的动作,而draw则显得从容。例如:He drew me t himself.他把我拉到他身边。He dragged the pian t the crner f the rm.他使劲地把钢琴拖向房间的角落。He pulled the dr pen and rushed ut.他把门拉开,冲了出去。
11.The thing abut being a teacher is that yu have access t children’s minds when they are pen and eager t learn.作为一名教师,你可以在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习时接触到他们的思想。(P9)【词汇精讲】在本句中access用作名词,意为“进入;接触的机会,通道”;也可以用作动词,意为“进入”。access引申可指“接近或取得……的方法、手段、权利等”;access常与介词t连用。This is the nly means f access t the building.这是进入这栋楼的唯一方式。Peple in that muntain area had n access t educatin.那个山区的人们过去没有受教育的机会。An errr ccurred when we tried t access the inventry database.当我们试图进入编目清单数据库时,出现了错误。
【词汇拓展】be easy/hard/difficult f access容易/难接近give access t接见; 准许进入have/gain/get/btain access t...有/获得……accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的be accessible t sb某人可接近/可进入/可使用
【技巧点拨】sb have/has access t sth与sth be accessible t sb常可互换。如:Bks in ur schl library are accessible t students as well as teachers.=Students as well as teachers have access t bks in ur schl library.老师和学生都有权使用我们学校图书馆里的书籍。The full facts f the case are accessible t nly a few peple.=Only a few peple have access t the full facts f the case.只有少数几个人能看到有关该案全部事实的材料。
12.If what I d as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham int such a successful adult,then I knw what I’m ding is wrthwhile.如果我作为一名教师所做的可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成为一个成功的成年人,那么我知道我所做的是值得的。(P9)【词汇精讲】在本句中wrthwhile用作形容词,意为“值得做的;重要的;有益的”。wrthwhile也可拼作wrth while(即分为两个单词),两者意思相同,有时还可拼作wrth-while,后一种形式只用作定语。表示“很值得……”,要用well wrth/wrthwhile。Thank yu fr making my visit s wrthwhile.感谢你们使我的访问如此有价值。
【词汇拓展】it is wrthwhile t d/ding sth值得做某事wrth adj.值得的be wrth ding sth值得做某事wrthy adj.值得的be wrthy f sth值得……的be wrthy t be dne/f being dne值得被做It is really wrthwhile t study the animals in Crbett.在科比特研究动物真的很值得。
【词语辨析】 wrthwhile、wrth与wrthy(1)wrthwhile值得的;值得做的。基本句式是it is wrthwhile ding/t d sth。如:It is wrthwhile searching fr his rts.有必要查查他的底细。Dn’t yu think it is wrthwhile cntinuing with the prject?难道你不认为这项工程值得继续做吗?(2)wrth强调“某事值得做或表示物品的价值”,基本句式是sth be wrth sth或sth be wrth ding。如:The necklace is wrth 500 francs at mst.这条项链最多值500法郎。The nvel is wrth reading a secnd time.这部小说值得再看一遍。
(3)wrthy强调“应该得到(尊重、信任、表彰等)”,不表示价值。基本句式是be wrthy f sth,be wrthy t be dne或be wrthy f being dne。如:His curage is wrthy f high praise.他的勇气值得高度赞扬。Their effrts are wrthy f being supprted by yu.=Their effrts are wrthy t be supprted by yu.他们的努力应得到你的支持。(4)有时,相同的意思可以用以上三个词做出不同的表达。如:The place f interest is wrth a visit.=The place f interest is wrth visiting.=The place f interest is wrthy t be visited.=The place f interest is wrthy f a visit.=The place f interest is wrthy f being visited.=It is wrthwhile visiting the place f interest.这处名胜值得参观。
重点句式1.Smetimes I think,if nly I culd call him and ask fr his pinin!有时我想,要是我能打电话问问他的意见就好了!(P8)【句式剖析】本句中的if nly引导宾语从句,意为“要是……就好了;只要”,后面的从句常用虚拟语气。Oh,if nly I culd stay in China as an exchange student!哦,要是我能作为交换生留在中国该多好啊!Lk at the truble I am in!If nly I had fllwed yur advice.瞧我现在多窘迫!要是听了你的建议就好了。
【句式拓展】(1)if nly引导的条件句,通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望,相当于as lng as。它可以独立使用,用来表示由于客观条件限制,为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情,常用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反:从句用过去完成时had dne/had been;表示与现在事实相反:从句用过去时did/were;表示与将来事实相反:从句用culd/wuld/might/shuld d结构。If nly I were a Gdwill Ambassadr!要是我是一个亲善大使就好了!If nly I had taken yur advice!我要是接受你的建议就好了!If nly I shuld cme t yur party tmrrw evening!明天晚上要是我能来参加你的聚会就好了!
(2)nly if引导的条件状语从句,是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”,表示“只有……(才);只有在……的时候,唯一的条件是……”;与if引导的一般条件句相比,它有一种增强主句语势的作用。I wake up nly if the alarm clck rings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
2.Then we culd make sure that we fund the path t success,bth at schl and in later life,fr all f them.然后我们可以确保我们找到了成功的道路,无论是在学校还是在以后的生活中,为他们所有人。(P9)【句式剖析】本句中的path是名词,其后接介词t表示所属关系。the path t success意为“成功的途径”。
【句式拓展】名词后用f表示所属关系是最常见的用法,但在某些特定的上下文中,主要是应一些名词的要求必须用t来表示所属关系。常见的这类名词有:key、answer、mnument、nte、exit、entrance、bridge、rad、way、slutin、visit等。记忆口诀:钥匙答案纪念碑,注释索引和附录。出口入口桥与路,参观解决多用t。The key t keeping the peace is regular and hnest cmmunicatin.保持和平的关键是定期和诚实的沟通。
重点语法过去完成时一、 概念: 表示过去的过去,其构成是had +过去分词①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词②否定句:主语+had+nt+过去分词③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had否定回答:N,主语+had nt④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词)?
二、 用法1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。He had gne t bed by 10:00 last night.昨晚十点钟之前他已上床睡觉了。2.与一般过去时搭配,表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。The train had started when I gt t the statin.当我到达车站时火车已开走了。The minute I saw a lady getting ff the bus,I knew it was she,fr I had seen her befre.我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她,因为我以前看见过她。
3.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与fr (后跟时间段)或since (后跟时间点)等连用。She had wrked in this schl since it pened 25 years ag.自从这所学校二十五年前开办以来,她一直在这里工作。4.使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时,该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。例如下面的说法是不正确的:He had gne t bed at 10:00 last night.若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went t bed...”。 试比较下面的句子:It had rained yesterday.(误)It rained yesterday.(正)
三、过去完成时常见句型过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情,也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间,下面是过去完成时的常见句型:1.“By the end f +名词(短语),主语 + had dne...”By the end f the day,mst f the inhabitants had left their hmes.到这一天,大部分居民已离开了他们的家。2.“主句(had dne),befre + 过去时间状语 ”They had never seen s many f the lcusts befre.他们以前从未见过如此多的蝗虫。I had reached the statin befre six ’clck.六点之前我已到达车站。
3.用在tld、said、knew、heard、thught等动词后的宾语从句中,表示动作发生在这些动词之前。She said that she had never been t Paris.她说她从未去过巴黎。4.“By the time + 从句(did/was/were),主语 + had dne...”By the time we arrived,everyne had received medical care.我们到达时,每个人已接受了医疗护理。5.“主语 +had dne...,befre 从句(did/was/were)”Frtunately,the peple had left the village befre the vlcan erupted.幸运的是,火山喷发前人们已离开了村庄。
6.“主语 +had dne...,when 从句(did/was/were)”They had already put the fire ut when I returned t the village.当我返回村子时,他们已将大火扑灭。7.“主语 + (did/was/were),after 从句(had dne)”The earthquake happened in the daytime,after peple had already left hme fr wrk r schl.地震发生在白天,当时人们已离开家去上班或上学。8.用在“Hardly(Scarcely/Barely)或N ”句型中Hardly had I gt hme when the rain pured dwn.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。N sner had he left hme than it began t rain.他一离开家天就开始下起雨来。
9.用在“It /This/That was the + that 从句(had dne)”中It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。10.用在“It was/had been + 一段时间 + since 从句(had dne)”中It was ten years since we had had such a wnderful time.十年我们都没这么高兴了。11.hpe、plan、mean、expect、intend、suppse、want、think 等动词有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做或曾经设想而未实现的事。They had wanted t help but culd nt get here in time.他们本来想帮忙,但未及时赶到这儿。I had thught that he had died at least twenty years ag.我原以为他至少死了二十年。I had intended t cme ver t see yu,but was prevented frm ding s.我原打算过来看你,但受阻未成。
12.用于表示与过去事实相反的if 虚拟条件句中If she had seen yu yesterday,she wuld have tld yu the truth.如果她昨天见过你,她已告诉你事实的真相。13.用在 wish 后的宾语从句中,表示与过去事实相反I wished that he hadn’t made such a mistake.我希望他从未犯过这样的错误。
四、过去完成时与其他时态的区别过去完成时有特殊的语法规则,它与其他完成时有明显不同,不仅结构上不同,内容、含义上也不同。1.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
比较:I have learned 1 000 English wrds s far.到目前为止我已经学会了1 000 个英语单词。I had learned 1 000 English wrds till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1 000 个英语单词。—I’m srry t keep yu waiting.对不起,让你久等了。—Oh,nt at all.I have been here nly a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
2.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:(1)时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。比较:They had arrived at the statin by ten yesterday.他们昨天十点就到了车站。They arrived at the statin at ten yesterday.他们昨天十点到达车站。
(2)在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。She was very happy.Her whle family were pleased with her,t.She had just wn the first prize in the cmpsitin cmpetitin.她非常高兴。她的全家也对她很满意。她刚在作文比赛中获得一等奖。
(3)当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在befre、after、as sn as 引导的从句中,由于这些连接词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。He entered the rm,turned n the light and read an evening paper.他走进房间,打开灯,读了一份晚报。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.The girl (remind) that her hmewrk had nt been handed in. 答案:was reminded2.He did what he (tell) t. 答案:had been tld3.Hw many buildings (destry) when the earthquake ended? 答案:had been destryed4.If he (d) therwise,I shuld have thught him a bad man. 答案:had dne5.She turned scarlet frm embarrassment,nce she (realise) what she had dne. 答案:realised
Ⅱ.课文语篇填空When I read ne f Graham’s bks and see him n TV,I am prud f him.I used 1 (teach) him!I remember Graham was very difficult 2 I taught him.But he changed 3 (quick) after I set up 4 experiment t shw hw the human stmach wrks 5 (use)acid and an nin.He was very bright but lacked 6 (cnfident)in himself.With my encuragement,he had dne very well in science subjects.Hw I wish I 7 (d) as well with all my students as I have with Graham.Teaching is a 8 (stress)jb but I lve what I d.As a teacher I can help turn a child like Graham 9 a successful adult,and I knw what I’m ding is wrthwhile.Educatin is nt preparatin fr life;educatin is life 10 (it).
答案:1.t teach 2.befre 3.quickly 4.an 5.using 6.cnfidence 7.had dne 8.stressful 9.int 10.itself
主题语境——人与社会 社会服务与人际沟通
The Imprtance f Teacher-Student RelatinshipsThe relatinship between a teacher and his students is ne f the mst influential① factrs in a learning envirnment.This is a key element affecting students’ prgress,engagement f schl and academic mtivatin.Interactins② between the teacher and his students are nt nly affected by many factrs but in turn③,als affect behaviur and academic utcmes f students.Psitive and supprtive relatinships between students and their teacher greatly increase an intelligence f belnging and mtivate students t willingly take part in different classrm activities.It is very imprtant that the interactin between the teacher and his students shuld be supprtive f the learning envirnment.The relatinship between the teacher and his students has been fund t have great effects n④ learning and schling experience f the students.
An educatr shuld plan t enhance⑤ their cmmunicatin with students t allw fr⑥ the quality f learning.If the relatinship between the teacher and students is psitive,it has several benefits at all levels f an educatinal establishment,inside the classrm and acrss the whle schl envirnment.
There are a number f advantages frm increased engagement t the self-esteem f establishing a psitive teacher-student relatinship between instructrs and pupils f all age grups.The presence f psitive student-teacher interactins alne des nt change academic success,but learners that create a strng bnd⑦ with their teachers perfrm better than thse learners wh have sme cnflict⑧ with their teachers.Teachers can help in imprving the academic success f the students by expressing cnfident expectatins fr every student,giving students similar pprtunities t take part in class discussin and mtivate students that they are self-cnfident in their ability t get success when it cmes t their hmewrk r cursewrk. A healthy and psitive relatinship between students and teachers can be enrmusly favurable at all stages f an educatinal institutin,inside the classrm and acrss the whle schl envirnment.
词海拾贝①influential adj.有影响的②interactin n.互动③in turn反过来④have great effects n对……有巨大的影响⑤enhance v.增强,改善⑥allw fr顾及,考虑到⑦bnd n.纽带⑧cnflict n.冲突
典句欣赏The presence f psitive student-teacher interactins alne des nt change academic success,but learners that create a strng bnd with their teachers perfrm better than thse learners wh have sme cnflict with their teachers.译文:积极的师生互动本身并不会改变学生在学业上的成功,但是那些与老师建立了牢固联系的学生,会比那些与老师有冲突的学生表现得更好。分析:这是一个并列复合句。句中but连接两个并列分句,第一个分句是一个简单句;第二个分句中that引导一个定语从句,先行词是learners。wh引导第二个定语从句,先行词为thse learners。
理解诱思Hw can a teacher help imprve students’ academic success?
答案:By expressing cnfident expectatins and giving them similar pprtunities.
Sectin A TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
1.trait n. 2.niece n. 3.nephew n. 4.secndary adj. 5.flu n. 6.angle n. 7.triangle n. 8.hydrgen n. 9.rcket n.
特性,品质 侄女,外甥女 侄子,外甥 中等教育的;中级的;次要的 流行性感冒,流感 角 三角形 氢 火箭
10.fuel n. 11.presentatin n. 12.acid n. 13.nin n. 14.educatinalist n. 15. vt.主办;……的东道主 n.主人;主持人 16. n.幽默感 17. adj.热爱的,酷爱的;具有强烈信念的 18. adj.外向的,好交际的 19. adj.难以置信的;极好的 20. adv.偶尔;偶然
燃料 报告;陈述,说明 酸 洋葱 教育(学)家
hst humur passinate utgingincredible ccasinally
21. adj.情感上的;情绪上的 22. adv.极度,极其 23. adj.感激的,感谢的 24. adj.实际的;实践的;切实可行的 25. vt.灌,注,倒 26. vt.缺乏 27. n.行为,举止 28. vt.拖,拉 29. n.进入;接触的机会 30. adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的
emtinalextremely grateful practical pur lackbehaviur drag access wrthwhile
1.fr the first time 2.pur int 3.a cuple f 4. 过去经常,曾经 5. 总计达到 6. 点燃 7. 建立 8. 准许进入
初次,第一次 投入(倒)……于某物 一双,一对
used t add up t set ff set up have access t
重点句式1.Smetimes I think,if nly I culd call him and ask fr his pinin!2.Then we culd make sure that we fund the path t success,bth at schl and in later life,fr all f them.
Ⅱ.阅读导学A.阅读P8-9文章,判断正(T)误(F)。1.I did well in maths befre I met Mr Jenkins began t teach me maths when I was Jenkins tried his best t make his class interesting and Jenkins helped me t build my the help f Mr Jenkins,I gave presentatins t the class everywhere again and again.
B.阅读P8-9文章,选出最佳选项。1.What can we knw abut Mr Jenkins?A.He was an excellent English was a bad teacher with a bit wuld explain hard things with practical wuld frce students t give presentatins t the did Mr Jenkins think f Graham when they met fr the first time?A.Bred. D.Bright.
3.What did Mr Jenkins regret by the example f Graham?A.He didn’t create a strng bnd with all didn’t give equal pprtunities t each didn’t mtivate his students t discuss in class didn’t encurage his students t build their can we infer frm the last paragraph?A.Teaching is a jb with challenges and is t prepare students fr their future shuld have great effects n their shuld strengthen their cmmunicatin with students.
Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.He asked me where I (be) during the summer hlidays. 2.What Jane (d) by the time she was seven? 3.I (learn) 900 English wrds by the time I was ten. 4.She (live) here fr a few years befre she mved t Beijing. 5.By the time my parents reached hme yesterday,I (ck) the dinner already. 6.She said she (see) the principle already.
had learned
7.She said her family (hide) themselves frm the army during the war. 8.By the time he was 20 years ld,he (cmplete) the university. 9.She (write) a number f bks by the end f last year. 10.He (learn) t play the pian befre he was 11 years ld.
had cmpleted
had written
1.has a similar persnality/the same sense f humur with me和我有相似的性格/相同的幽默感(P6)【词汇精讲】humur用作名词,意为“幽默感”,还可以表示“幽默;诙谐;脾气;情绪”。humur在美式英语中写为humr。Her humur adds salt t her cnversatin.她很幽默,谈起话来妙趣横生。Every man has his humur.各人有各人的幽默。He’s been in a bad humur fr days.好多天来,他的情绪一直不好。
【词汇拓展】a sense f humur幽默感in a gd/bad humur心情好/坏in n humur没心思ut f humur情绪不好humrus adj.幽默的;滑稽的He is in n humur fr supper.他没心思吃晚饭。Dad is always in a gd humur fr gardening.爸爸干园艺活时,心情总是很好。【微写作】 The humur was s humrus that the audience laughed all the way thrugh it.这个幽默真的很幽默,观众自始至终都在笑。
2.utging 外向的,好交际的(P6)【词汇精讲】utging用作形容词,意为“外向的,好交际的”,还可以表示“即将离职的;出发的”。He is an utging and lively persn.他是个性格开朗而又活泼的人。She is the utging head f a large crpratin.她是一家大公司即将离职的负责人。Any utging ray path must be cincident with that f the returning ray.任何发出的射线与返回的射线路径必须完全相同。
3.My mther tk care f me and then when I was feeling better the next week,she hsted anther Christmas dinner just s I culd enjy what I missed.我妈妈照顾我,然后当我下周感觉好点的时候,她又举办了一次圣诞晚餐,这样我就可以享受我错过的东西。(P104)【词汇精讲】 在本句中hst用作动词,意为“主办;……的东道主”。hst还可以用作名词,意为“主人;主持人”。hst作“东道主,主人”解时,与其相对的阴性名词是hstess。Mr Marce will hst the receptin tnight.马斯先生将主持今晚的招待会。At the end f the party,we thanked ur hst and went back hme.宴会结束时,我们感谢了主人后便回家去了。
【微写作】 As a hstess,she began t hst “Big Bsses” lunches,where she wuld try t persuade lcal business leaders t cntribute t the cause.作为东道主,她开始主持“大老板”午餐会,试图说服当地的商业领袖为这项事业做出贡献。
4.It’s gd that we take sme time ccasinally t remember sme f the psitive things in life,dn’t yu agree?我们偶尔花些时间来记住生活中一些积极的事情,这很好,你同意吗?(P104)【词汇精讲】 在本句中ccasinally用作副词,意为“偶尔;偶然”。Husband and wife shuld switch rles with each ther ccasinally.夫妻应该偶尔互换角色。
【词汇拓展】ccasin n.场合;时机n ccasin有时,偶尔if the ccasin arises (=if the ccasin shuld arise)必要的时候n ne ccasin曾经,有一次n several ccasins屡次,好几次take/seize the ccasin t d抓住……的时机,乘机……ccasinal adj.偶尔的Sharing bread,whether during a special ccasin r at the family dinner table,is a cmmn symbl f reunin.无论是在特殊的场合还是在家庭宴会的餐桌上,分享面包都是通用的团聚符号。He seized the ccasin t invite her hme fr dinner.他抓住机会邀请她到家里吃晚饭。On ccasin he went t Lndn t spend the weekend.有时他去伦敦过周末。
【词语辨析】 ccasin、situatin、cnditin与case(1)ccasin指特定的“时机,场合”;situatin往往指“情况,形势”;cnditin指某时某处事情发展、存在的状况、状态或条件;case常指事物的特定情况、事情的真相和始末,如“病例,案件”等。如:All the peple invlved in this case must be present.所有与这起案件相关的人都必须到场。The current internatinal situatin is nt ptimistic.目前的国际形势不容乐观。Living cnditins have imprved here ver the past few years.这里的生活条件在过去几年已得到改善。It is nt very suitable t sing such a sng n this frmal ccasin.在这种正式场合唱这样一首歌是不太合适的。
(2)ccasin后面的定语从句多由when或n which引导;situatin、case后面的定语从句多由where或in which引导。如:There are ccasins when/n which ne must give in.任何人都有不得不让步的时候。In the study f mdern science,there’re many cases where sldiers can teach fficers.学习现代科学知识,士兵可以教军官的情况很多。Smetimes yu are in a situatin where everything ges against yur favur.有时你会遇到什么都不顺的情况。
5.The nly thing I can remember frm schl maths is that the angles f a triangle add up t 180 degrees!我唯一记得学校数学课的内容就是三角形的内角和是180度!(P8)【词汇精讲】 在本句中add up t意为“合计达,总计达”。Hw much des the bill add up t?账单加起来一共是多少?
【词汇拓展】add t使增强,使增加,使扩大add up把……加起来,相加; 合乎情理,有道理把……加到……里add that...补充说……This lessn adds t the value f the bk.这一课增加了这本书的价值。He wrte dwn the weight f each stne and then added up all the weight.他记下了每块石头的重量,然后再把这些重量加起来。
6.But when I was 15 and went int Mr Jenkins’ class,I really became interested in a subject fr the first time.但当我15岁进入詹金斯先生的课堂时,我第一次真正对一门学科产生了兴趣。(P8)【词汇精讲】在本句中fr the first time意为“第一次”。sb d sth fr the first time某人第一次做某事=It is the first time fr sb t d sth=It/This/That is the first time that sb have dne sthHe has gt full marks in the English exam fr the first time.他第一次在英语考试中得满分。
【词汇拓展】in time 迟早;最后;及时n time准时all the time一直,始终at ne time曾经,一度at a time每次,逐一frm time t time有时,偶尔in n time立刻,马上at times有时The car came t a stp just in time t prevent an accident.汽车及时停了下来,避免了一场事故。We’ll have had the leak fixed in n time.我们很快就会把漏洞修好的。
【技巧点拨】in time后可接fr sth/t d sth 的形式,意为“做某事及时/来得及”。
7.He used t explain things which seemed difficult with lts f practical examples and in simple language.他过去常常用大量的实例和简单的语言来解释那些似乎很难的事情。(P8)【词汇精讲1】在本句中used t意为“过去经常,曾经”。When I was a kid,my siblings and I used t have ice cream fr dessert.在我孩提时,我和我的兄弟姐妹经常吃冰激凌当甜点。
【词汇拓展1】be used t适应,习惯于……be used t d sth被用来做某事be used as...被用作……(1)used t“过去常常”,指的是过去的习惯性动作,目的在于与现在形成对照。其中t是不定式符号,后面跟动词原形。如:I used t g fishing every Sunday.我过去每周日都去钓鱼。(2)be used t d sth“被用来做某事”,实际上是动词use的被动语态,t是不定式符号。如:A metal bar was used t frce the dr pen.用金属棒把门撬开了。
(3)be/get/becme used t“习惯于”,t是介词,后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。be used t表示状态,而get/becme used t则表示由“不习惯”到“习惯于”的过程,意思是“(变得)习惯于,开始习惯于”。如:Sme peple are really nt used t using credit cards.有些人确实不习惯使用信用卡。At first I didn’t knw hw t d it.By and by I have gt used t it.起初我不知道怎样做,但渐渐地我就习惯了。(4)短语get/be accustmed t也可表示“习惯于”,其中t是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语。如:This is nt the kind f treatment I am accustmed t.这不是我习惯受到的那种待遇。
【词汇精讲2】在本句中practical用作形容词,意为“实际的;实践的;切实可行的”。用于人则指其是注重实际的,或者具有实际工作能力的,也可指具体的或抽象的事物具有实用性。作“有实际经验的”解时,无比较级和最高级形式。It’s an interesting idea,but there are many practical difficulties.这是一个很有意思的想法,然而却存在着许多实际困难。The wner’s brther has been in practical cntrl f the firm fr years.该店主的弟弟实际控制该商行已有多年。
【词汇拓展2】fr all practical purpses实际上,事实上practise v.练习,训练practice v.练习,训练 n.练习,习惯,惯例;实践practise/practice ding sth练习做某事impractical adj.不切实际的;不实用的【微写作】 It was a practical traditin.During the summer vacatin,I practiced hard with thers regardless f the ht weather.这是一个实用的传统。暑假期间,不管天气多热,我都和大家一起努力练习。
8.I remember that he let me pur sme fuel int the rcket,and then anther student lit a match t set it ff.我记得他让我往火箭里倒了一些燃料,然后另一个学生划着了一根火柴把它点燃。(P8)【词汇精讲】在本句中pur用作动词,意为“倒;倾泻”。还可以表示“不断流动;蜂拥而来”。Althugh I pured it carefully,I spilt sme f the il.虽然我倒油时很小心,但还是洒了一些。She watched the rain puring dwn the windws.她注视着顺着窗户往下淌的大雨。The shps and ffices pur millins f wrkers int the street at this time f day.一天的这段时间有数以百万计的工作者从商店和办公场所涌向街头。
【词汇拓展】pur dwn向下倾注;流下pur in大量地涌进来;倒入,使涌入pur int不断地或大量地流进或涌进pur ut倒出;倾诉;倾吐That summer a trrential rain pured dwn fr tw days and nights.那年夏天,一场暴雨下了两天两夜。The chimney was puring ut black smke.烟囱里冒出滚滚黑烟。
9.The prblem was that I lacked cnfidence in myself.问题是我对自己缺乏信心。(P8)【词汇精讲】在本句中lack用作动词,意为“缺乏,不足”。lack还可以作名词,表示“缺乏;无”。But yu can’t be successful when there’s a lack f trust in a relatinship that results frm an actin where the wrngder takes n respnsibility t fix the mistake.但如果出错的人不负责修正错误的话,那么一段关系中就会出现信任缺失,那么你就不会成功。They lacked a clear understanding f the prblem.他们对这个问题缺乏清楚的认识。
【词汇拓展】lack fr sth需要某物lack fr nthing一无所缺be lacking in缺乏(品质、特点等)fr lack f因缺乏have n lack f不缺乏be shrt f缺少Many small plants in that cuntry clsed dwn fr lack f fuel.由于燃料不足,那个国家很多小厂都关闭了。Hilary went t the bank because she was shrt f mney.希拉里去银行取钱,因为她缺钱用。
10.The first day he walked int my class,he was dragging his schlbag behind him and lking bred,but as sn as I set up an experiment t shw hw the human stmach wrks using acid and an nin,he gave me his full attentin.第一天,他走进我的教室,身后拖着书包,看起来很无聊。但是,当我开始做一个实验,展示人类的胃是如何利用酸和洋葱来工作的时候,他就全神贯注地听我讲了。(P9)【词汇精讲】在本句中drag用作动词,意为“拖,拉”。还可以用作名词,意为“ 拖;拉;累赘;阻力”。He dragged the heavy case acrss the flr.他在地板上拖着那个沉重的箱子。The cat is really excited by the drag f the basket n the flr.在地板上拖着篮子玩可着实让那只猫兴奋了一回。
【词汇拓展】drag dwn把……向下拖,使衰弱drag in插入讨论中drag n使拖延drag ne’s feet拖着脚走,迟缓误事,拖拉,不合作drag ut使拖延,延长drag up把……拉扯大;重新提起;翻……的旧账It’s the high fever that’s been dragging him dwn.是这场高烧把他的身体拖垮的。Let’s nt drag ut the discussin—we need t reach a decisin.别让这场讨论拖得太久,我们得作出决定。
【词语辨析】 drag、draw与pull这三个词的共同意思是“拉,拖”。其区别是:首先,draw和pull都指拉向施动者,而drag则指拖向另一地;其次,drag所拖之物一般较重,pull多为一时突然的动作,而draw则显得从容。例如:He drew me t himself.他把我拉到他身边。He dragged the pian t the crner f the rm.他使劲地把钢琴拖向房间的角落。He pulled the dr pen and rushed ut.他把门拉开,冲了出去。
11.The thing abut being a teacher is that yu have access t children’s minds when they are pen and eager t learn.作为一名教师,你可以在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习时接触到他们的思想。(P9)【词汇精讲】在本句中access用作名词,意为“进入;接触的机会,通道”;也可以用作动词,意为“进入”。access引申可指“接近或取得……的方法、手段、权利等”;access常与介词t连用。This is the nly means f access t the building.这是进入这栋楼的唯一方式。Peple in that muntain area had n access t educatin.那个山区的人们过去没有受教育的机会。An errr ccurred when we tried t access the inventry database.当我们试图进入编目清单数据库时,出现了错误。
【词汇拓展】be easy/hard/difficult f access容易/难接近give access t接见; 准许进入have/gain/get/btain access t...有/获得……accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的be accessible t sb某人可接近/可进入/可使用
【技巧点拨】sb have/has access t sth与sth be accessible t sb常可互换。如:Bks in ur schl library are accessible t students as well as teachers.=Students as well as teachers have access t bks in ur schl library.老师和学生都有权使用我们学校图书馆里的书籍。The full facts f the case are accessible t nly a few peple.=Only a few peple have access t the full facts f the case.只有少数几个人能看到有关该案全部事实的材料。
12.If what I d as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham int such a successful adult,then I knw what I’m ding is wrthwhile.如果我作为一名教师所做的可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成为一个成功的成年人,那么我知道我所做的是值得的。(P9)【词汇精讲】在本句中wrthwhile用作形容词,意为“值得做的;重要的;有益的”。wrthwhile也可拼作wrth while(即分为两个单词),两者意思相同,有时还可拼作wrth-while,后一种形式只用作定语。表示“很值得……”,要用well wrth/wrthwhile。Thank yu fr making my visit s wrthwhile.感谢你们使我的访问如此有价值。
【词汇拓展】it is wrthwhile t d/ding sth值得做某事wrth adj.值得的be wrth ding sth值得做某事wrthy adj.值得的be wrthy f sth值得……的be wrthy t be dne/f being dne值得被做It is really wrthwhile t study the animals in Crbett.在科比特研究动物真的很值得。
【词语辨析】 wrthwhile、wrth与wrthy(1)wrthwhile值得的;值得做的。基本句式是it is wrthwhile ding/t d sth。如:It is wrthwhile searching fr his rts.有必要查查他的底细。Dn’t yu think it is wrthwhile cntinuing with the prject?难道你不认为这项工程值得继续做吗?(2)wrth强调“某事值得做或表示物品的价值”,基本句式是sth be wrth sth或sth be wrth ding。如:The necklace is wrth 500 francs at mst.这条项链最多值500法郎。The nvel is wrth reading a secnd time.这部小说值得再看一遍。
(3)wrthy强调“应该得到(尊重、信任、表彰等)”,不表示价值。基本句式是be wrthy f sth,be wrthy t be dne或be wrthy f being dne。如:His curage is wrthy f high praise.他的勇气值得高度赞扬。Their effrts are wrthy f being supprted by yu.=Their effrts are wrthy t be supprted by yu.他们的努力应得到你的支持。(4)有时,相同的意思可以用以上三个词做出不同的表达。如:The place f interest is wrth a visit.=The place f interest is wrth visiting.=The place f interest is wrthy t be visited.=The place f interest is wrthy f a visit.=The place f interest is wrthy f being visited.=It is wrthwhile visiting the place f interest.这处名胜值得参观。
重点句式1.Smetimes I think,if nly I culd call him and ask fr his pinin!有时我想,要是我能打电话问问他的意见就好了!(P8)【句式剖析】本句中的if nly引导宾语从句,意为“要是……就好了;只要”,后面的从句常用虚拟语气。Oh,if nly I culd stay in China as an exchange student!哦,要是我能作为交换生留在中国该多好啊!Lk at the truble I am in!If nly I had fllwed yur advice.瞧我现在多窘迫!要是听了你的建议就好了。
【句式拓展】(1)if nly引导的条件句,通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望,相当于as lng as。它可以独立使用,用来表示由于客观条件限制,为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情,常用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反:从句用过去完成时had dne/had been;表示与现在事实相反:从句用过去时did/were;表示与将来事实相反:从句用culd/wuld/might/shuld d结构。If nly I were a Gdwill Ambassadr!要是我是一个亲善大使就好了!If nly I had taken yur advice!我要是接受你的建议就好了!If nly I shuld cme t yur party tmrrw evening!明天晚上要是我能来参加你的聚会就好了!
(2)nly if引导的条件状语从句,是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”,表示“只有……(才);只有在……的时候,唯一的条件是……”;与if引导的一般条件句相比,它有一种增强主句语势的作用。I wake up nly if the alarm clck rings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
2.Then we culd make sure that we fund the path t success,bth at schl and in later life,fr all f them.然后我们可以确保我们找到了成功的道路,无论是在学校还是在以后的生活中,为他们所有人。(P9)【句式剖析】本句中的path是名词,其后接介词t表示所属关系。the path t success意为“成功的途径”。
【句式拓展】名词后用f表示所属关系是最常见的用法,但在某些特定的上下文中,主要是应一些名词的要求必须用t来表示所属关系。常见的这类名词有:key、answer、mnument、nte、exit、entrance、bridge、rad、way、slutin、visit等。记忆口诀:钥匙答案纪念碑,注释索引和附录。出口入口桥与路,参观解决多用t。The key t keeping the peace is regular and hnest cmmunicatin.保持和平的关键是定期和诚实的沟通。
重点语法过去完成时一、 概念: 表示过去的过去,其构成是had +过去分词①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词②否定句:主语+had+nt+过去分词③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had否定回答:N,主语+had nt④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词)?
二、 用法1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。He had gne t bed by 10:00 last night.昨晚十点钟之前他已上床睡觉了。2.与一般过去时搭配,表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。The train had started when I gt t the statin.当我到达车站时火车已开走了。The minute I saw a lady getting ff the bus,I knew it was she,fr I had seen her befre.我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她,因为我以前看见过她。
3.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与fr (后跟时间段)或since (后跟时间点)等连用。She had wrked in this schl since it pened 25 years ag.自从这所学校二十五年前开办以来,她一直在这里工作。4.使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时,该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。例如下面的说法是不正确的:He had gne t bed at 10:00 last night.若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went t bed...”。 试比较下面的句子:It had rained yesterday.(误)It rained yesterday.(正)
三、过去完成时常见句型过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情,也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间,下面是过去完成时的常见句型:1.“By the end f +名词(短语),主语 + had dne...”By the end f the day,mst f the inhabitants had left their hmes.到这一天,大部分居民已离开了他们的家。2.“主句(had dne),befre + 过去时间状语 ”They had never seen s many f the lcusts befre.他们以前从未见过如此多的蝗虫。I had reached the statin befre six ’clck.六点之前我已到达车站。
3.用在tld、said、knew、heard、thught等动词后的宾语从句中,表示动作发生在这些动词之前。She said that she had never been t Paris.她说她从未去过巴黎。4.“By the time + 从句(did/was/were),主语 + had dne...”By the time we arrived,everyne had received medical care.我们到达时,每个人已接受了医疗护理。5.“主语 +had dne...,befre 从句(did/was/were)”Frtunately,the peple had left the village befre the vlcan erupted.幸运的是,火山喷发前人们已离开了村庄。
6.“主语 +had dne...,when 从句(did/was/were)”They had already put the fire ut when I returned t the village.当我返回村子时,他们已将大火扑灭。7.“主语 + (did/was/were),after 从句(had dne)”The earthquake happened in the daytime,after peple had already left hme fr wrk r schl.地震发生在白天,当时人们已离开家去上班或上学。8.用在“Hardly(Scarcely/Barely)或N ”句型中Hardly had I gt hme when the rain pured dwn.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。N sner had he left hme than it began t rain.他一离开家天就开始下起雨来。
9.用在“It /This/That was the + that 从句(had dne)”中It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。10.用在“It was/had been + 一段时间 + since 从句(had dne)”中It was ten years since we had had such a wnderful time.十年我们都没这么高兴了。11.hpe、plan、mean、expect、intend、suppse、want、think 等动词有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做或曾经设想而未实现的事。They had wanted t help but culd nt get here in time.他们本来想帮忙,但未及时赶到这儿。I had thught that he had died at least twenty years ag.我原以为他至少死了二十年。I had intended t cme ver t see yu,but was prevented frm ding s.我原打算过来看你,但受阻未成。
12.用于表示与过去事实相反的if 虚拟条件句中If she had seen yu yesterday,she wuld have tld yu the truth.如果她昨天见过你,她已告诉你事实的真相。13.用在 wish 后的宾语从句中,表示与过去事实相反I wished that he hadn’t made such a mistake.我希望他从未犯过这样的错误。
四、过去完成时与其他时态的区别过去完成时有特殊的语法规则,它与其他完成时有明显不同,不仅结构上不同,内容、含义上也不同。1.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
比较:I have learned 1 000 English wrds s far.到目前为止我已经学会了1 000 个英语单词。I had learned 1 000 English wrds till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1 000 个英语单词。—I’m srry t keep yu waiting.对不起,让你久等了。—Oh,nt at all.I have been here nly a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
2.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:(1)时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。比较:They had arrived at the statin by ten yesterday.他们昨天十点就到了车站。They arrived at the statin at ten yesterday.他们昨天十点到达车站。
(2)在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。She was very happy.Her whle family were pleased with her,t.She had just wn the first prize in the cmpsitin cmpetitin.她非常高兴。她的全家也对她很满意。她刚在作文比赛中获得一等奖。
(3)当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在befre、after、as sn as 引导的从句中,由于这些连接词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。He entered the rm,turned n the light and read an evening paper.他走进房间,打开灯,读了一份晚报。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.The girl (remind) that her hmewrk had nt been handed in. 答案:was reminded2.He did what he (tell) t. 答案:had been tld3.Hw many buildings (destry) when the earthquake ended? 答案:had been destryed4.If he (d) therwise,I shuld have thught him a bad man. 答案:had dne5.She turned scarlet frm embarrassment,nce she (realise) what she had dne. 答案:realised
Ⅱ.课文语篇填空When I read ne f Graham’s bks and see him n TV,I am prud f him.I used 1 (teach) him!I remember Graham was very difficult 2 I taught him.But he changed 3 (quick) after I set up 4 experiment t shw hw the human stmach wrks 5 (use)acid and an nin.He was very bright but lacked 6 (cnfident)in himself.With my encuragement,he had dne very well in science subjects.Hw I wish I 7 (d) as well with all my students as I have with Graham.Teaching is a 8 (stress)jb but I lve what I d.As a teacher I can help turn a child like Graham 9 a successful adult,and I knw what I’m ding is wrthwhile.Educatin is nt preparatin fr life;educatin is life 10 (it).
答案:1.t teach 2.befre 3.quickly 4.an 5.using 6.cnfidence 7.had dne 8.stressful 9.int 10.itself
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