语法专项-时态（无答案）教案

这是一份语法专项-时态（无答案）教案，共7页。学案主要包含了学习目标，要点梳理等内容，欢迎下载使用。

【学习目标】
掌握初中阶段常见几种时态类型；掌握各时态的定义、用法和区别；
【要点梳理】
时态1：一般现在时
1、一般现在时的定义
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth ges arund the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
2、一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a by.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it或其它相当于第三人称的词)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.
3、一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句：主语+ be + nt +其它。 如：He is nt a wrker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are yu a student? -Yes. I am. / N, I'm nt.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句：主语+ dn't( desn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dn't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用desn't构成否定句。如：He desn't ften play.
一般疑问句：D( Des ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：
- D yu ften play ftball? - Yes, I d. / N, I dn't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用des构成一般疑问句。如：
- Des she g t wrk by bike? - Yes, she des. / N, she desn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Hw des yur father g t wrk?
补充：动词三单的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加s，如：ck-cks, stay-stays
2．以s, x, sh, ch, 结尾，加es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, g-ges
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
4. 以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加-es，如：stay-stays play-plays
课堂练习：
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He ften ________(have) dinner at hme.
2. Daniel and Tmmy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(nt watch) TV n Mnday.
4. Nick _______(nt g) t the z n Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the Wrld Cup?
6. What _______they ften _______(d) n Saturdays?
7. _______ yur parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English n Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk tgether every evening.
10. There ________(be) sme water in the bttle.
时态2：一般过去时
1、定义：
一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this mrning, just nw, a mment ag, in May, last night / year / week, nce upn a time, the ther day, befre …, when, in the past连用。
如：What did yu d yesterday?
I met Lin Ta this mrning.
Tm was just there a mment ag.
2、基本结构：
①be动词：主语+be(was/ were) + 其它.（形容词/名词/介词短语+过去时间）
如：I was shrt when I was 10 years ld.
There was a music rm in ur schl befre.
The cat was under my bed just nw.
Were yu the best student in the class?
②行为动词：
A.肯定句： 主语+ 动词过去式 +其它. 如：She visited his grandparents tw days ag.
B.否定句： 主语+didn’t +动词原形+其它. 如：I didn't knw yu were s busy.
C.一般疑问句： Did +主语+动词原形+其它？ 如：Did yu watch the TV prgram last night?
Did his father read the newpapers just nw?
3、时间标志词：yesterday, yesterday mrning （afternn/evening ），just nw 刚才，befre 以前， then（at that time ） 当时，last +时间 （如 last week, mnth, year, spring, weekend… ）, that +时间 （如 that day, afternn, summer，…），时间 + ag （如 a few minutes ag, tw weeks ag, years ag,…）
4、动词过去式的变化
规则变化:
①一般情况直接+ed 如：wrk-wrked play-played
②以e结尾的词只加-d 如：live-lived dance-danced
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-ed 如：study-studied
④以“辅元辅”字母结尾的词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed. 如：stp-stpped plan-planned
不规则变化：参考动词过去式不规则变化表
课堂练习：
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Tm and Mary ________ (cme) t China last mnth.
2. Mike _________(nt g) t bed until 12 'clck last night.S he ______ (get) up late.
3. Mary ________ (read) English yesterday mrning.
4. Tm ________ (begin) t learn Chinese last year.
5. My mther ________ (nt d) husewrk yesterday.
6. There _________ a telephne call fr yu just nw. (be)
7. ---When _______ yu _______ (cme) t china? ---Last year.
8. ______ (be) it cld in yur city yesterday?
9. Hw many peple ______ (be) there in yur class last term?
10. There ______ (be) a ftball match n TV yesterday evening, but I ______ (have) n time t watch it.
时态3：一般将来时
1、定义
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tmrrw, next week, next year , sn, in a mnth等。
2、构成
一般将来时由“助动词will+动词原形”构成。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩写为'll，will nt简缩为wn’t。
He will help his sister with her lessns.
We wn't be free this afternn.
Why dn’t yu put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh fr several days.
—Yu've left the light n. (你忘了关灯了。)
—Oh , s I have. I'll g and turn it ff. (噢，那我马上去关。)
3、一般将来时的其他表达法：
(1)“be ging t + 动词原形”表将来
① 这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。
What are yu ging t d next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么？
They are ging t meet utside the schl gate.他们打算在校门口见面。
② 还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。
I think I'm ging t die. 我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危)
Lk at the clud. It’s ging t rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(乌云密布，使我断定天要下雨)
The ice is ging t break.冰就要破了。
③这种结构表示“肯定、预测，注定会”。在这种情况下可以和“think, hpe, want, believe, like”等表示静态的动词连用。
He failed in the exam; he knew he was ging t when he lked at the test paper.他没考及格，他一看试卷就知道考不及格。
(2）用“be + V.ing”表示将来
句中的现在进行时结构表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如cme , g , leave, start ,mve, arrive等，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
I'm leaving fr Tibet n Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。
When are yu ging back t yur factry? 你什么时候回工厂？
He is nt cming.他不来了。
They are arriving tmrrw afternn.他们明天下午到达。
(3）“be abut t+动词原形”表将来
“be abut t+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。
The English evening is abut t start.英语晚会即将开始。
The ship is abut t sail.轮船马上就要启航。
(4）“be t+动词原形”表将来
“be t+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。
There's t be a slide shw this afternn.今天下午要放幻灯。
If a man is t succeed, he must wrk as hard as he can.一个人要想成功，他就必须拼命干。
课堂练习：
( ) 1. The day after tmrrw they ________ a vlleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. are ging t watch
( ) 2. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will be C. shall ging t be D. will ging t be
( ) 3. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A. are having B. are ging t have C. will having D. is ging t have
( ) 4. ________ yu ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be C. D; be D. Are; be
( ) 5. He ________ there at ten tmrrw mrning.
A. will B. is C. will be D. be
( ) 6. ________ yur brther ________ a magazine frm the library?
A. Are; ging t brrw B. Is; ging t brrw C. Will; brrws D. Are; ging t brrws
( ) 7. – Where is the mrning paper?
– I ________ it fr yu at nce.
A. get B. am getting C. t get D. will get
( ) 8. ________ a cncert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
( ) 9. If they cme, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. wuld have
( )10. He ________ t us as sn as he gets there.
A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrte
( )11. He ________ in three days.
A. cming back B. came back C. will cme back D. is ging t cming back
( )12.The train ________ at 11.
A. ging t arrive B. will be arrive C. is ging t D. is arriving
时态4：现在进行时
1. 定义:表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。
2. 结构: ①肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + V-ing
②否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + nt + V-ing
③疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V-ing
④特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + V-ing
用法:(1)表示说话时正在进行的,目前正在发生的动作。
Lk! The big bird is flying away. He is watching a mvie nw.
(2)表示目前一段时间内正在进行,但说话时可能没有进行的动作。
We are playing ftball these days. 这些天我们在踢足球。
Recently, I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我最近正通过远程教育学习汉语。
(1) 、(2)两种情况常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词, 如:nw, right nw, at the (very) mment, fr the time being, at present, these days 及Lk! Listen! ...等。
(3)与always, cnstantly, frever, all the time等副词连用,表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意
Yu are always changing yur mind. 你总是主意不定。(有不满、责备之意)
He is always helping thers. 他总是帮助别人。(有欣赏、夸奖之意)
Yu are always (frget) the imprtant thing. 你总是把重要的事情忘掉。
课堂练习：
( ) 1.Lk! The by students are ___ ftball while the girls are ________.
A. playing, dance B. playing, dancing
C. play, dancing D. play, dance
( ) 2. Mr. Smith ______ shrt stries, but he ______ a TV play these days.
A. is writing, is writing B. is writing, writes
C. writes, is writing D. writes, writes
( ) 3.It’s eight ’clck. The students ___ an English class.
A.have B.having C.is having D.are having
( ) 4.The by isn't________ the teacher in class.
A.listen B.listens C.listening D.listening t
时态5：过去进行时
(一）定义：过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
(二) 结构：was/were +ding (现在分词）如：He was playing table tennis at five yesterday afternn.
(三) 用法
1.过去进行时表示过去某时间正在进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this mrning, the whle mrning, all day yesterday, frm nine t ten last evening, when, while
例如：We were watching TV frm seven t nine last night.
What was he researching all day last Sunday?
It was raining when they left the statin.
When I gt t the tp f the muntain, the sun was shining.
2.通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belng, care, frget, hate, have(拥有), hear, knw, like, lve, mean, mind, ntice, wn, remember, seem, suppse, understand, want, wish等。例如：
误：I was knwing the answer. 正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
误：I wasn't understanding him. 正：I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。

例题：
1) Mary a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
2)He said he _____ t draw a plane n the blackbard at that time.
A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try
3)While she ______ TV, she ______ a sund utside the rm.
A. was watching, was hearing B. watched, was hearing
C. watched, heard D. was watching, heard
时态比较与区分：
过去进行时与一般过去时都强调过去发生的事，但进行时强调过程，不一定完成，而过去时强调事件，一定完成 。 也就是表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了
过去进行时与一般过去时，两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作｡例如:
I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信｡(可能没打完)
I typed sme letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信｡(已经打完)
具体区别：
1、一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
She wrte a letter t her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。 (信写完了)
She was writing a letter t her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。 (信不一定写完)
2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
She waved t me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
3、句中有a mment ag之类的短语一般用一般过去时。
4、句中有at this time last Sunday, frm 8 t 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时，表示更为偶然而非预定的动作：
I was talking t Tm the ther day． 那天我跟汤姆聊天来着。
注意：进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作。如果把动作分割开，或者说出其发生的次数，就必须用一般过去时：I talked t Tm several times． 我跟汤姆谈过几次话。
Tm washed bth cars． 汤姆把两辆汽车都洗了。
当然，看来是并行的两个动作可以都用进行时态来表示：
Between ne and tw I was ding the shpping and walking the dg．一点到两点之间我在购物、遛狗。
不用于进行时的动词:
感官动词：hear, see, ntice, feel, taste……
表示态度感情的动词：like, lve, hate……
表心理状态：feel, want, prefer……
表占有：wn, have,……
课堂练习：
( ) 1. I ______ a meal when yu _____ me.
A. cked, were ringing B. was cking, rang C. was cking, were ringing D. cked, rang
( ) 2. He said he _____ t draw a plane n the blackbard at that time.
A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try
( ) 3. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sund utside the rm.
was watching, was hearing B. watched, was hearing
C. watched, heard D. was watching, heard
( ) 4. They _____ a ftball game frm 7 t 9 last night.
A. were watching B. watch C. watched D. are watching
( ) 5. What bk ____ yu ______ when I ____ yu at fur yesterday afternn?
A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, saw C. were, reading, saw D. were, reading, was seeing
( ) 6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready t fly t England.
A. are getting B. get C. were getting D. gt
( ) 7. A girl ______ my pen fall ff the table when she _____ me.
A. saw, passed B. was seeing, passed C. was seeing, was passing D. saw, was passing
( ) 8. We ____ fr tm at ten last Sunday. He ften kept us ______.
were waiting, waiting B. were waiting, wait
C. waited, waiting D. waited, wait
( ) 9. He ____ his father n the farm the whle afternn last Saturday.
A. helps B wuld help C. was helping D. is helping
( ) 10. While mther _______ sme washing, I _____ a kite fr Kate.
A. did, made B. was ding, made C. was ding, was making D. did, was making