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2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第3讲 阅读理解&完形填空&综合【教案】
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这是一份2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第3讲 阅读理解&完形填空&综合【教案】，共18页。
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版） 第3讲 阅读理解&完形填空&综合 教师版
教学内容
知识点1：题型说明
经济类阅读文章在高考中的出现频率较高。 这类文章同学们读起来较为吃了，试题做起来也有时比较难。在高考阅读理解题中，这类文章应该具备相应的政治，经济类的知识点，所以，它的命题多数属于中难，如事实细节题、分析题，推理题等。遇到这类文章时，也不要轻易的放弃，我们一定要抓住得分机遇，尽量不要失分。
知识点2：答题方法
读这类文章要特别注意做好事实推理和细节题。对于细节试题，同学们要先从题干中找到关键性词语，然后采用略读或跳读，快速在文章中寻找相关细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，细心比较所给选项与文中细节的区别，在准确理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。具体解题步骤如下：
1. 读题干：阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。一般情况下，问题出现的前后顺序与文章中细节和事实出现的先后顺序是一致的。
2. 找细节：阅读文章内容，寻找与题干相符合的具体细节。要注意的是，对作者使用的同义词或与之相关的词语和句子千万不能忽略。
3. 巧答题：根据前两步所得到的信息回答问题。阅读问题所给的四个选项，检查文中的细节与哪一项相符。当题干中有诸如“NOT”或“except”时，同学们一定要特别小心，力求在文章中找到相关的有力证据。
I．Read and choose the best answer.
A
Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and
Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.
Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic program that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience".
Resilience has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000).
One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about €0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to
juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.
1. What is Turkey’s economic situation now?
A. Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.
B. Its inflation rate is still rising.
C. Its economy grows faster than any EU member.
D. Its economic resilience is very strong.
2. We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.
A. Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members
B. inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high
C. Turkey’s economy will keep growing at present rate
D. IMF’s economic program will help Turkey join the EU
3. The word “oscillated” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_________.
A. fell B. climbed C. developed D. swang
4. Speaking of Turkey’s foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.
A. it’s stock is far less than that of other countries
B. it does not have much influence on Turkey’s economic progress
C. steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment
D. Turkey’s economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment
5. We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.
A. foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better
B. Turkey’s citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira
C. the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value
D. prices of goods will go up
答案：C B D C A
篇章剖析
本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍了土耳其的经济状况。第一段将土耳其的经济情况和其他几个欧盟新成员国的
经济情况进行了一下对比，说明土耳其的经济状况并非如人们担心的那样糟糕；第二段对土耳其这几年的经
济增长情况进行了简要介绍；第三段说明土耳其的经济缺乏弹性以及由此带来的影响；最后一段说明妨碍投
资者的一个因素即将消失。
词汇注释
GDP: 国内生产总值(gross domestic product)
accession: n. 添加, 增加
OECD: 经合，经济合作与发展组织 (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)
resilience: n. 弹回, 有弹力, 恢复力,
oscillate: v. 振荡
electrocardiogram:n. .[医]心电图, 心动电流图(略作ECG)
inflow: n. 流入, 流入物
deterrent: n. 阻碍物
nought: n. 无, 零
lira: n. 里拉
juggle: v. （常与with连用）耍杂耍
indeterminate: adj. 在程度、体积、性质或数量上没有准确确定的
难句突破
But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.
主体句式：it is not far off that…and it is much the same as..
结构分析：这是一个复杂句，句子主体结构是一个并列句，在第一个并列分句里有一个which引导的定语从
句修饰new members，在第二个并列分句里有一个which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰Bulgaria and Romania
，还有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰accession talks。
句子译文：但是和2004年5月1日加入欧盟的十个新成员国之一（拉脱维亚）相比，土耳其差得并不算太远，而和本周刚刚完成加入欧盟的谈判，并将在2007年1月获得完全成员地位的两个国家，保加利亚和罗马尼亚相比则相差无几。
题目分析
1. 答案为C，属事实细节题。根据文章第二段，土耳其的经济发展“十分惊人”。接着载第二行，作者以数
据说明土耳其本年度第二季度的GDP增长“no EU country comes close to matching”，可见其经济发展速
度超过任何欧盟成员。
2. 答案为B，属推理判断题。根据文章第二段“土耳其得通货膨胀率自1972年以来首次跌进各位数”可知，
以前的通货膨胀率都在两位数甚至更多，是非常高的数字。
3. 答案为D，属猜词题。这个词的意思可以根据文中第三段所用的明喻判断出来。文中说，整个1990年代，
土耳其的GDP增长就好像“遭受了猛烈的心脏病发作时的心电图一样”，可见GDP增长时高时低，峰谷之间的差异较大，所以oscillated最有可能的意思就是“摆动，震荡”，只有A中的swang意思与之相符。
4. 答案为C，属推理判断题。根据文章第三段，GDP的不规律性是导致土耳其难以吸引外国直接投资的主要
原因，可见稳定的GDP增长有助于土耳其吸引更多的外国直接投资。
5. 答案为A，属推理判断题。文章在第一段和第二段介绍土耳其快速的经济增长。第三段分析了过去不能吸
引急需的外国直接投资的主要原因之一：经济发展不规律性。文章最后一段介绍了将取消妨碍外国投资者的
一个因素。并在文章最末提到：“外国银行家和投资人现在可以期待今后在土耳其再不用快速心算一串串数
不清的零了”。由此可见，土耳其的外国投资环境将变得更好。
B
The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the 51 roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser or “consumer” in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a(n) 52 buyer with various inducements (引诱) of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition,
53 , is not common in most of the health-care industry.
In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the
54 relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician—and even then there may be no real choice– it is the physician who usually makes all significant 55 decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday,” whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and experienced patient who will 56 such decisions made by experts or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as 57 .
This is particularly 58 in relation to hospital care. The physician must give evidence of the 59 for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be allowed to leave. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are 60 . Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer.” As a consequence, the 61 represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.
Although usually there are in this situation four recognizable participants — the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government) — the physician makes the 62 for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally 63 most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital; and for the most part the patient plays a 64 role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care 65 are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, economy directed at patients or the general are relatively ineffective.
51. A. peculiar B. normal C. minor D. vital
52. A. eager B. potential C. overseas D. reluctant
53. A. moreover B. therefore C. however D. instead
54. A. ordinary B. permanent C. stable D. intense
55. A. difficult B. conscious C. early D. purchasing
56. A. accept B. confirm C. challenge D. announce
57. A. common B. serious C. mild D. preventable
58. A. significant B. rare C. changeable D. alternative
59. A. choice B. need C. disadvantage D. importance
60. A. balanced B. accurate C. independent D. final
61. A. patient B. medical staff C. government D. insurance agent
62. A. academic B. typical C. unique D. essential
63. A. reduces B. sends C. loses D. meets
64. A. traditional B. clear C. passive D. dominant
65. A. spending B. schedule C. therapy D. requirement
51-55 ABCAD 56-60 CBABD 61-65 BDDCA
51.
【参考答案】 A
【试题解析】 从上文The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique
economic relationships. 可以看出此处填peculiar，表示医患关系中奇特的角色扮演。
52.
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】从本句中可以看出此处想表达的是买方想方设法吸引潜在的顾客。
其他几个选项为eager 热切的 overseas 海外的 reluctant 不情愿的 都没有
potential好
53.
【参考答案】 C
【试题解析】 这种情况在医疗保健行业是不常见的。和上文中提到的正常的买卖方
之间的关系是形成对比的。
54.
【参考答案】 A
【试题解析】 医患关系是普通的生产者和消费者之间的关系。
55.
【参考答案】 D
【试题解析】 从紧接着的whether the patient should return “next Wednesday,”
whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. 可以看出是购买
决定。
56.
【参考答案】 C
【试题解析】 只有极其少数有经验的病人才会去挑战医生作出的决定。
57.
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】 从especially可以看出应该是“当疾病被认为很严重时，只有
极其少数有经验的病人才会去挑战医生作出的决定”
58.
【参考答案】 A
【试题解析】 此处从particularly可以看出上下文是有关系的。诊治办法一般
都由医生一手操办，在涉及到住院时，医生的诊治方案更加重要。
59.
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】 医生必须给出患者需要住院治疗的证据。
60.
【参考答案】 D
【试题解析】 从句中的but可以看出医生做的判断才是最终的判断。
61.
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】 上文一直在强调医生在医患关系中的决定作用，因此应该是以
医生魏主体的医务人员是权力中心。
62.
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】 医生在参与者中是核心，所以此处选择“essential”
63.
【参考答案】 D
【试题解析】 meet the bill固定搭配，付账
64.
【参考答案】C
【试题解析】 从上下文可以看出病人在医患关系中是被动接受的那群人。
65. 【参考答案】 A
【试题解析】 从下文的For this reason, economy directed at patients or the general
are relatively ineffective.可以看出是与经济有关。所以此处填的是spending，表示75%-80% 的医疗消费都是由医生决定的。
A
The average number of authors on scientific papers is sky-rocketing. That’s partly because labs are bigger, problems are more complicated, and more different subspecies are needed. But it’s also because U.S. government agencies have started to promote “team science”. As physics developed in the post-World War Ⅱ era, federal funds built expensive national facilities, and these served as surfaces on which collaborations could crystallize naturally.
Yet multiple authorship — however good it may be in other ways — presents problems for journals and for the institutions in which these authors work. For the journals, long lists of authors are hard to deal with in themselves. But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper. If there is research misconduct, how should the liability be allocated among the authors? If there is an honest mistake in one part of the work but not in others, how should an evaluator aim his or her review?
Various practical or impractical suggestions have emerged during the long-standing debate on this issue. One is that each author should provide, and the journal should then publish, an account of that author’s particular contribution to the work. But a different view of the problem, and perhaps of the solution, comes as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions, which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road. Half a lifetime of involvement with this process has taught me how much authorship matters. I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names, agonize over whether a much-cited paper was really the candidate’s work or a coauthor’s, and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility.
Problems of this kind change the argument, supporting the case for asking authors to define their own roles. After all, if quality judgments about individuals are to be made on the basis of their personal contributions, then the judges better know what they did. But if questions arise about the validity of the work as a whole, whether as challenges to its conduct or as evaluations of its influence in the field, a team is a team, and the members should share the credit or the blame.
1. According to the passage, there is a tendency that scientific papers________.
A. are getting more complicated
B. are dealing with bigger problems
C. are more of a product of team work
D. are focusing more on natural than on social sciences
2. One of the problems with multiple authorship is that it is hard_______.
A.to allocate the responsibility if the paper goes wrong
B.to decide on how much contribution each reviewer has made
C.to assign the roles that the different authors are to play
D.to correspond with the authors when the readers feel the need to
3. According to the passage, authorship is important when .
A. practical or impractical suggestions of the authors are considered
B. appointments and promotions of the authors are involved
C. evaluators need to review the publication of the authors
D. the publication of the authors has become much-cited
4. According to the passage, whether multiple authors of a paper should be taken collectively or individually depends on_______.
A. whether judgments are made about the paper or its authors
B. whether it is the credit or the blame that the authors need to share
C. how many authors are involved in the paper
D. where the paper has been published
5. The best title for the passage can be_______.
A. Writing Scientific Papers: Publish or Perish
B. Collaboration and Responsibility in Writing Scientific Papers
C. Advantages and Disadvantages of Team Science
D. Multiple Authors, Multiple Problems
答案解析：
1. C。根据文章第一段中“…it’s also because U.S. government agencies have started to promote ‘team science’.”可知论文数量的增加与team science有关。故答案为C。
2. A。根据文章第二段中“But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper.”可知当文章出错的时候，很难找出由谁负责。故答案为A。
3. B。根据文章第三段中“…as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions, which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road.”可知，当涉及作者的任命和晋升时，著作权是非常重要的。故答案为B。
4. A。根据最后一段中第二句和第三句的论述可知，多作者作品的职责是该整体来评判还是单独评判，取决于判断是根据作品本身还是作者做出来的。故答案为A。
5.D。本文刚开始指出现在出现好多作者共同执笔的现象以及这一现象带来的社会问题，最后提出了一些解决办法。纵观全文，只有选项D更全面的概括了文章。故答案为D。
B
A. expand B. developing Crest D. slip E. measure
F. annual G. fighting H. domestic I. prove J. doubled K. boosted
NEW YORK (Reuters)-U.S. factories shrugged off weakness in the global economy in November as manufacturing activity rose to its highest level in five months, a fresh sign the 41 economy was accelerating.
Recent data on consumer spending and private-sector job creation has also 42. optimism on the pace of growth.
“The economy seems finally to be 43 real momentums," said Ian Shepherdson, an economist at High Frequency Economics in Valhalla, New York.
Also pointing to growth, automakers reported U.S. sales rose 13.9 percent in November from a year earlier, Autodata Corp said.
The Institute for Supply Management said on Thursday its index of national factory activity rose to 52.7 from 50.8 the month before, beating analysts' expectations and showing the sector continues to 44 .
The added momentum, also apparent in the report's details, reduces the chances the U.S. economy will 45 into a new recession, even with an expected contraction in the euro zone.
Compared to a dismal first half of the year, the pace of U.S. growth more than 46 in the third quarter to a 2 percent 47 rate. While that remains subpar, economists believe activities will 48 even stronger in the final three months of the year.
The ISM 49 of new orders rose to its highest level since April, and the export index also improved, although modestly.
"That should keep some momentum going," said Sean Incremona, an economist at 4Cast in New York. "It is good to see things are not getting worse now."
Much of the 50 of the world, however, is getting worse, especially in Europe where policy-makers are fighting a raging sovereign debt crisis.
41—49 HKBAD JFIEC
分析：
42.K．根据句子成分分析，这里应该是完成时态，需要填一个过去分词，可供选择的项是J和K，“boosted”的意思是增加，增强，会给学生做题造成困扰，如果知道意思，会很好确定；也可以用排除法，double应该与数字有关，但“optimism”是个抽象名词，感情不能用数字衡量
42，J． 很容易调成一个名词，学生会认为more than后面一定要加名词性质的词，但从整个句子成分来看，这里缺少的是谓语动词，并且是过去时态，所以，很容易确定时“doubled”
49. E. ISM即Institute For Supply Management美国供应管理协会，学生会看不懂，但基本可以填对，用排除法做
C
Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give __51__ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber (水管工) when they are __52__ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate __53__ as “generally good,” “correct,” and “moral” more than their peers.
Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are __54__ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become __55__ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.
“As a business school professor, these effects worry me, as economics, __56__ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a __57__ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.” says Frank.
If economics can __58__ pro-social(亲社会、利社会) behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business __59__ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of “social preferences” like __60__, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, __61__ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are __62__ about others, not only themselves. __63__, within economics courses, we should do a better job __64__ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values -- including helping others.
Not until then may the prophecy (预言) by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen be __65__. Calling economists “rational fools,” he observed: “The purely economic man is indeed close to being a social fool.”
51. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more
52. A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid
53. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics
54. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached
55. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful
56. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to
57. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason
58. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause
59. A. education B. standard C. approach D. application
60. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity
61. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in need of
62. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic
63. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise
64. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling
65. A. broken B. predicted C. challenged D. fulfilled
51-55 B D B C A 56-60 D C C A D 61-65 B A C B D
分析：
52. C。经济学专业的学生有经济头脑，比较看重自己的利益，不愿被占便宜，如果被分配去做去事情，他们会极力维护自己的权利，直接建议让专业人士去做
53. B。要选择一个与经济学方面有关的词，本文最开始讲经济学家吝啬，经济学专业的学生比较看重自身利益，后文也讲到他们比较自私，涉及到“贪婪”的事，经济学专业的学生与其他人相比，更倾向于把“贪婪”说成是好的东西
54. C。本身就以自我利益为重心的人，更容易被吸引到经济学领域里
57. C。经济学与生活息息相关，经济学为管理学、会计学等领域奠定基础，这可以结合生活实际
58. B。前面一直介绍经济学的利益导向性质，这里换个角度，讲如果可以让经济学研究“亲社会行为”，那应该怎么做
62. A。be concerned about关心
64. B。本段主要讲经济学研究亲社会行为，经济学能更好地定义“自利原则”
A
‘North China’s Tianjin Municipality(直辖市) has started a “Blue Sky Project” to control the air pollution.
Under the project requirements, the air quality in Tianjin is expected to measure up to the national standard by 2007, when two thirds of days in the year will enjoy fairly good or excellent air quality.
In order to achieve the goal, Tianjin will take a series of measures such as controlling the use of coal, reducing the dust floating from construction sites, planting trees along the major streets, and replacing petrol with liquid natural gas as the fuel for vehicles.
Since people paid little attention to the environmental protection, the air quality in Tianjin has worsened during the past decade. The project has received wide praise and support from the natives.
*The newly-discovered “Great Wall” in south China’s Hunan Province will open to visitors in the near future.
“We will try to make it an internationally famous attraction for tourists, ” said Yuan Xinhua, director of the Hunan Provincial Tourism Administration(管理局).
The main part of the 190-km “Southern China Great Wall” is located in Fenghuang County in western Hunan.
Built during the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644)by the local Miao minority people, the Southern China Great Wall is 2.3 m high and 1.7 m wide.
The Chinese have been enjoying themselves by sightseeing or traveling during the Spring Festival this year rather than engaging in the traditional gathering of relatives and friends at home.
In the past five days, over 200 000 Beijingers spent the one-week Spring Festival holiday shopping in Tianjin. Low prices of consumer(消费) goods and the convenient railway service enable Beijingers to visit the neighboring city during the day.
Meanwhile unlike previous years, an increasing number of Tianjiners went to Beijing during the Spring Festival to visit places of interest in the capital.
Tourism had been heating up in the last few years. An increase in income and longer holidays have made it possible for Chinese to relax after a year of work.
1. If “Blue Sky Project” is completed ________.
A. there will be no air pollution in Tianjin
B. the natives can enjoy good air quality most of the year
C. liquid natural gas will have taken the place of coal and petrol
D. people will pay less attention to environmental protection
2. according to Mr. Yuan from Hunan, the opening of the Southern China Great Wall is a good way to ________.
A. rebuild the wall B. help local Miao minority people
C. discover the history D. arouse foreigners’ interest
3. The Chinese would like to go sightseeing or travel during the Spring Festival this year mainly because ________.
A. prices are higher in their native places
B. railway service is getting better and better
C. they are tired of meeting relatives and friends at home
D. they have longer holidays and more money
【答案与解析】本代介绍了国家的三个不同方面的建设计划项目。
1. B。推理判断题。根据…when two thirds of days in the year will enjoy fairly good or excellent air quality可知答案为B。
2. D。推理判断题。根据We will try to make it an internationally famous attraction for tourists(将尽力吸引国际游客)可知答案为D。
3. D。事实细节题。根据An increase in income and longer holidays have made it possible for Chinese to relax after a year of work可知答案为D。
B
The Norwegian government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration(勘探)to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline, production limits have been laid down, and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems. And few people believe that the government will be able to hold things back for long.
Ever since the war, the government has been carrying out a program of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this program has had a great deal of success. Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.
The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however, with nearly 100 per cent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose most of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.
1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to _______.
A. provide more jobs for foreign workers
B. slow down the rate of its development
C. sell the oil it is producing abroad
D. develop more quickly than at present
2. The Norwegian Government has tried to _______.
A. encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources
B. prevent oil companies employing people from Northern Norway
C. help the oil companies solve many of their problems
D. keep the oil industry to something near its present size
3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead in Northern Norway to _______.
A. the development of industry
B. a growth in population
C. the failure of the development program
D. the development of new towns
4. In the south, one effect of the development of the oil industry might be _______.
A. a large reduction in unemployment B. a growth in the tourist industry
C. a reduction in the number of existing industries D. the development of a number of service industry
【答案与解析】本文讲述的是挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油业。
1. B。事实细节题。根据文章第1段中production limits have been laid down可知答案为B。
2. D。事实细节题。根据文中第1句 A new law limits exploration(勘探)to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline可知答案为D。
3. D。推理判断题。根据第2段中During the past few years this program has had a great deal of success.
Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry可知答案为D。
4. C。事实细节题。根据文章最后一段 Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether 可知答案为C。
Test 03
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A
A.create
B.separate
C.indicate
D.responsibility
E.negative
F.failure
G.willing
H.control
I.concerned
J.concern
K.functioning
How do successful people think? What drives them? Interviews and investigations ____1____ that there are several keys to success that successful people share.
First of all, successful people never blame someone or something outside of themselves for their ____2____ to go ahead. They realize that their future lies in their own hands. They understand that they cannot ____3____ things in life, such as nature, the past and other people. But in the meantime, they are well aware that they can control their own thoughts and actions. They take ____4____ for their life and regard this as one of the most empowering things they can do .Perhaps what most ____5____ successful people from others is that they live life ‘on purpose’---they are doing what they believe they are put here to do .In their opinion, having a purpose in their life is the most important fact that enables them to become fully ____6____ people. They hold that when they live their life on purpose, their main ____7____ is to do the job right .They love what they do ---and it shows people want to do business with them because of their commitment（责任心） to their jobs. To live their life on purpose, successful people find a cause they believe in and ____8____ a business around it. Besides, they never easily give up. Once they have set up goals in their life, they are ____9____ to do whatever it takes to achieve their goals. Top achievers always keep in mind that they don’t have forever. Rather than seeing it ____10____ or depressing, they use the knowledge to encourage themselves to move on and go after what they want energetically and passionately.
CFHDB KJAGE
B
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A screen door (纱门) allows for an open view while at the same time affording a degree of privacy. 1 , communication between parents and their child away at college should have openness in expressing viewpoints but, at the same time, it should demonstrate a respect for privacy. Staying in touch with each other is important because without 2 , there is no connection and worry can take over. All involved should try to be 3 in listening to, understanding and dealing with special concerns or needs that arise whether they may be from the student, parents or friends.
For the happy student adjusting well at school, calls to home can be infrequent. This is not necessarily a cause for parents to 4 . While parents are naturally 5 about what their child is up to, the majority of students are busy getting accustomed to their new home, making new friends and 6 to new schedules and activities. The fact is that without any ill intention on purpose, they can spend little time thinking about home and they may not appreciate the degree of their parents’ 7 curiosity.
For the student who is not adjusting well at school, calls to home will probably be made more 8 . This circumstance can bring a 9 period for both parent and child. For the parents at home, it can be terribly 10 to sense. their child is unhappy. It is difficult to judge how we should react to this challenge: as 11 , we want to bring our children home to the safety of our nest; in our parent-teacher role, we want to 12 the ties and allow our child the opportunity to make it on his/her own.
For the student away at school, unhappiness can be lonely and frightening and in some cases, it can lead to depression and illness. There is a sense of 13 for some homesick students who fear that Mom and Dad will 14 their inability to cope with the new environment. This is especially true when the homesick one sees classmates adjusting somewhat effortlessly. No matter what the circumstances are that have created 15 , communication between parent and child must remain open, honest and in balance.
1.
A. Relatively
B. Contrarily
C. Typically
D. Similarly
2.
A. sacrifice
B. privacy
C. appreciation
D. communication
3.
A. sensitive
B. confident
C. casual
D. modest
4.
A. worry
B. regret
C. cheer
D. wonder
5.
A. uninformed
B. curious
C. happy
D. sensible
6.
A. adding
B. referring
C. adjusting
D. leading
7.
A. strange
B. increasing
C. awakened
D. normal
8.
A. formally
B. frequently
C. sincerely
D. patiently
9.
A. disappointing
B. recovering
C. challenging
D. training
10.
A. damaging
B. disturbing
C. demanding
D. exhausting
11.
A. protectors
B. reminders
C. inspectors
D. individuals
12.
A. maintain
B. establish
C. restore
D. cut
13.
A. relief
B. responsibility
C. achievement
D. embarrassment
14.
A. get bored with
B. get upset with
C. be ignorant of
D. be honest with
15.
A. opportunity
B. uncertainty
C. unhappiness
D. nervousness
DDAAB CDBCB ADDBC
课后作业
C
Small discoveries in Indonesia are causing a stir(轰动 ) in the science world. Researchers have unearthed tiny bones that they believe belong to an entirely new human species. If that’ s true, it will change how we think about our ancestors.
Clues that the little people may have lived long ago were first revealed last year in the scientific journal Nature. Scientists said that they had found the bones of a three-foot-tall female on the island of Flores, in Indonesia. When they looked more closely, they saw that the nearly complete skeleton belonged to a full-grown adult. Researchers named her Hobbit, after the tiny heroes of the Lord of the Rings books.
Now the team is saying it has unearthed even more pieces of the puzzle, including a jawbone and parts of arms, legs and hands from several individuals, as well as stone tools. They reported their find in Nature this month. ‘The new evidence makes it very clear that these people are a new species, distinct from modem humans,’ Peter Brown, a scientist on the team, said. They named these ancient humans Homo floresiensis.
Brown says that these little people lived as recently as 12,000 years ago. If Homo floresiensis was a different species from modern humans, that would make our family tree bigger than we knew. It means, says Brown, that ‘until recently, a relative shared the planet with us.’
Many scientists think a new species is unlikely. Some argue that the bones must have belonged to modern humans whose small size was the result of a genetic problem.
Daniel E. Lieberman, a scientist at Harvard University, thinks that the debate over the discovery is healthy. He believes that the questions and arguments raised by critics will help us learn more about these unusual skeletons. ‘Disagreement is an important part of the scientific process’, Lieberman said. ‘As far as I’m concerned, the story’s only just begun.’
1. Researchers name the skeleton Hobbit because_________.
A. it is a figure described in the Lord of the Rings
B. it resembles the tiny heroes in a set of book
C. it proves to be a full-grown adult
D. it belongs to an ancient human species
2. Small discoveries in Indonesia are important because__________.
A. they are revealed in the scientific journal Nature
B. they are made by Peter Brown, a famous scientist
C. they are about ancestors of modern humans
D. they might provide new evidence for human study
3. According to Daniel E. Lieberman_____________.
A. Homo floresiensis doesn’t exist on earth
B. disagreement leads to further research
C. the investigation hasn’t begun yet
D. our family tree is bigger than we knew
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Comparison between Different Peoples
B. Arguments Over Human Origin
C. Discovery of a Possible New Human Species
D. History of Indonesian People
D
WELCOME
Welcome to Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. Windsor is one of the official residences of the Queen, who sometimes stays here.
Audio tours
Free audio tours are available on leaving the Admission Centre at the start of your visit. There is a descriptive audio tour for blind and poor-sighted visitors.
Guided tours
Visitors can explore the history of the Castle through a tour of the Precincts with an expert guide. Tours depart at regular intervals throughout the day from the Courtyard and finish at the entrance to the State Apartments.
Visitors with children
For those visiting with children, a special family tour and various activities are offered during school holidays and at weekends. Please note that, for safety reasons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State Apartments. However, baby carriers are available to borrow.
St George’s Chapel
Visitors arriving at the Castle after 15:00 from march to October are advised to visit St George’s
Chapel first, before it closes.
Shopping
Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs designed for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys.
Please ask at the Middle Ward shop about our home delivery service.
Refreshments
Bottled water can be purchased from the Courtyard and Middle Ward shops. From April to September ice cream is also available. Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments in the town may obtain re-entry permits from the castle shops. Eating and drinking are not permits in the State Apartments or St George’s Chapel.
Photography and mobile phones
Non-commercial photography and filming are welcomed in the Castle. Photography, video recording and filming are not permitted inside the State Apartments or St George’s Chapel. Mobile phone must be switched off inside the State Apartments and St George’s Chapel in consideration of other visitors.
Security
As Winter Castle is a working royal palace, visitors and their belongings should get through airport-style security checks. For safety and security reasons a one-way system operates along the visitor route.
1. A visitor can apply for a free audio tour _____.
A. in the Courtyard
B. in the State Apartments
C. at the Admission Center
D. at St George’s Chapel
2. What is specially offered to visitors with kids?
A. A security guard.
B. A pushchair.
C. A free toy.
D. A baby carrier.
3. Who can get re-entry permits?
A. Visitors wishing to eat outside the Castle.
B. Visitors buying gifts in the castle shops.
C. Visitors buying water from the Courtyard.
D. Visitors eating outside St George’s Chapel.
4. Why arc visitors required to turn off their mobile phones?
A. To ensure the safety of others.
B. To ensure the security of the Castle.
C. To prevent them from disturbing others.
D. To prevent the use of the built-in cameras.
E
Rail passengers are being forced to pay thousands of pounds more in fares as a result of poor advice from the national telephone helpline and individual stations, a consumer organisation reveals today .Research by Which? found that in some cases passengers are being charged almost double the cheapest price because of errors made by staff .
Which? asked 25 questions of both station staff and the National Rail Enquiries (NRES) helpline. Only half of the 50 questions were answered correctly. If customers had followed all the advice given ,they would have been ￡1,263.60 worse off .
Bad advice was given for the cheapest fare for a single journey between London and Grantham .For a ticket bought on the day of travel, both NRES and a King’s Cross station clerk quoted（报价） GNER’s ￡44.50 fare ,ignoring a Hull Trains service which leaves 10 minutes earlier and costs just ￡20.
Some of the most costly misinformation was given for journeys where season tickets should have been recommended .Passengers making a return journey between Swindon and Penzance twice in a week could buy a ticket from one company for ￡70 which would cover all the travel. But both NRES and station staff quoted ￡67 for each journey, making ￡134.However, the NRES website proved to be a much more reliable source of information.
Which ? also checked ‘the earlier you book, the cheaper the ticket’ claims by five companies and found this was not always the case .On some services, prices went up and down at random.
Ithiel Mogridge, 52, gave one example of poor advice :’Last Christmas I found my brother a ticket on the thetrainline.com to travel from Blackburn to Yate. While the direct route was ￡51, this one involved a change in Newport and cost just ￡21. I emailed the details to him and his partner. They went to Blackburn station ,where the clerk insisted the fare was ￡51.’
Malcolm Coles, editor of which.co.uk, said: ‘Staff training needs to be improved. In the meantime, we’ve designed a checklist, available at which.co.uk/ rail advice. ‘
1. According to the passage ‘which?’ is a _____
A. national telephone helpline
B. department under the British Rail
C. consumer organisation
D. website under the National Rail Enquiries
2.When the author said that customers ‘would have been ￡1,263.60 worse off’, he was telling us that customers would have _______
A. saved ￡1,263.60 if they had followed the advice
B. spend ￡1,263.60 more than the lowest price
C. used ￡1,263.60 for the survey of 25 questions
D. been cheated of ￡1,263.60 from the poor advice
3. The phrase ‘at random’ in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ‘_________’
A. casually B. purposefully C. exactly D. inevitably
4. The passage is mainly concerned with the phenomenon that ________
A. train passengers get bad advice on fares
B. rail passengers are ill-treated by station staff
C. booking clerks and the telephone helpline offer reliable information
D. rail passengers can get cheaper tickets if they book earlier
BDBC CDAC CBAA
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版） 第3讲 阅读理解&完形填空&综合 教师版
教学内容
知识点1：题型说明
经济类阅读文章在高考中的出现频率较高。 这类文章同学们读起来较为吃了，试题做起来也有时比较难。在高考阅读理解题中，这类文章应该具备相应的政治，经济类的知识点，所以，它的命题多数属于中难，如事实细节题、分析题，推理题等。遇到这类文章时，也不要轻易的放弃，我们一定要抓住得分机遇，尽量不要失分。
知识点2：答题方法
读这类文章要特别注意做好事实推理和细节题。对于细节试题，同学们要先从题干中找到关键性词语，然后采用略读或跳读，快速在文章中寻找相关细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，细心比较所给选项与文中细节的区别，在准确理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。具体解题步骤如下：
1. 读题干：阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。一般情况下，问题出现的前后顺序与文章中细节和事实出现的先后顺序是一致的。
2. 找细节：阅读文章内容，寻找与题干相符合的具体细节。要注意的是，对作者使用的同义词或与之相关的词语和句子千万不能忽略。
3. 巧答题：根据前两步所得到的信息回答问题。阅读问题所给的四个选项，检查文中的细节与哪一项相符。当题干中有诸如“NOT”或“except”时，同学们一定要特别小心，力求在文章中找到相关的有力证据。
I．Read and choose the best answer.
A
Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and
Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.
Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic program that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience".
Resilience has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000).
One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about €0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to
juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.
1. What is Turkey’s economic situation now?
A. Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.
B. Its inflation rate is still rising.
C. Its economy grows faster than any EU member.
D. Its economic resilience is very strong.
2. We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.
A. Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members
B. inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high
C. Turkey’s economy will keep growing at present rate
D. IMF’s economic program will help Turkey join the EU
3. The word “oscillated” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_________.
A. fell B. climbed C. developed D. swang
4. Speaking of Turkey’s foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.
A. it’s stock is far less than that of other countries
B. it does not have much influence on Turkey’s economic progress
C. steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment
D. Turkey’s economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment
5. We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.
A. foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better
B. Turkey’s citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira
C. the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value
D. prices of goods will go up
答案：C B D C A
篇章剖析
本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍了土耳其的经济状况。第一段将土耳其的经济情况和其他几个欧盟新成员国的
经济情况进行了一下对比，说明土耳其的经济状况并非如人们担心的那样糟糕；第二段对土耳其这几年的经
济增长情况进行了简要介绍；第三段说明土耳其的经济缺乏弹性以及由此带来的影响；最后一段说明妨碍投
资者的一个因素即将消失。
词汇注释
GDP: 国内生产总值(gross domestic product)
accession: n. 添加, 增加
OECD: 经合，经济合作与发展组织 (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)
resilience: n. 弹回, 有弹力, 恢复力,
oscillate: v. 振荡
electrocardiogram:n. .[医]心电图, 心动电流图(略作ECG)
inflow: n. 流入, 流入物
deterrent: n. 阻碍物
nought: n. 无, 零
lira: n. 里拉
juggle: v. （常与with连用）耍杂耍
indeterminate: adj. 在程度、体积、性质或数量上没有准确确定的
难句突破
But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.
主体句式：it is not far off that…and it is much the same as..
结构分析：这是一个复杂句，句子主体结构是一个并列句，在第一个并列分句里有一个which引导的定语从
句修饰new members，在第二个并列分句里有一个which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰Bulgaria and Romania
，还有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰accession talks。
句子译文：但是和2004年5月1日加入欧盟的十个新成员国之一（拉脱维亚）相比，土耳其差得并不算太远，而和本周刚刚完成加入欧盟的谈判，并将在2007年1月获得完全成员地位的两个国家，保加利亚和罗马尼亚相比则相差无几。
题目分析
1. 答案为C，属事实细节题。根据文章第二段，土耳其的经济发展“十分惊人”。接着载第二行，作者以数
据说明土耳其本年度第二季度的GDP增长“no EU country comes close to matching”，可见其经济发展速
度超过任何欧盟成员。
2. 答案为B，属推理判断题。根据文章第二段“土耳其得通货膨胀率自1972年以来首次跌进各位数”可知，
以前的通货膨胀率都在两位数甚至更多，是非常高的数字。
3. 答案为D，属猜词题。这个词的意思可以根据文中第三段所用的明喻判断出来。文中说，整个1990年代，
土耳其的GDP增长就好像“遭受了猛烈的心脏病发作时的心电图一样”，可见GDP增长时高时低，峰谷之间的差异较大，所以oscillated最有可能的意思就是“摆动，震荡”，只有A中的swang意思与之相符。
4. 答案为C，属推理判断题。根据文章第三段，GDP的不规律性是导致土耳其难以吸引外国直接投资的主要
原因，可见稳定的GDP增长有助于土耳其吸引更多的外国直接投资。
5. 答案为A，属推理判断题。文章在第一段和第二段介绍土耳其快速的经济增长。第三段分析了过去不能吸
引急需的外国直接投资的主要原因之一：经济发展不规律性。文章最后一段介绍了将取消妨碍外国投资者的
一个因素。并在文章最末提到：“外国银行家和投资人现在可以期待今后在土耳其再不用快速心算一串串数
不清的零了”。由此可见，土耳其的外国投资环境将变得更好。
B
The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the 51 roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser or “consumer” in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a(n) 52 buyer with various inducements (引诱) of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition,
53 , is not common in most of the health-care industry.
In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the
54 relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician—and even then there may be no real choice– it is the physician who usually makes all significant 55 decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday,” whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and experienced patient who will 56 such decisions made by experts or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as 57 .
This is particularly 58 in relation to hospital care. The physician must give evidence of the 59 for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be allowed to leave. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are 60 . Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer.” As a consequence, the 61 represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.
Although usually there are in this situation four recognizable participants — the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government) — the physician makes the 62 for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally 63 most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital; and for the most part the patient plays a 64 role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care 65 are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, economy directed at patients or the general are relatively ineffective.
51. A. peculiar B. normal C. minor D. vital
52. A. eager B. potential C. overseas D. reluctant
53. A. moreover B. therefore C. however D. instead
54. A. ordinary B. permanent C. stable D. intense
55. A. difficult B. conscious C. early D. purchasing
56. A. accept B. confirm C. challenge D. announce
57. A. common B. serious C. mild D. preventable
58. A. significant B. rare C. changeable D. alternative
59. A. choice B. need C. disadvantage D. importance
60. A. balanced B. accurate C. independent D. final
61. A. patient B. medical staff C. government D. insurance agent
62. A. academic B. typical C. unique D. essential
63. A. reduces B. sends C. loses D. meets
64. A. traditional B. clear C. passive D. dominant
65. A. spending B. schedule C. therapy D. requirement
51-55 ABCAD 56-60 CBABD 61-65 BDDCA
51.
【参考答案】 A
【试题解析】 从上文The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique
economic relationships. 可以看出此处填peculiar，表示医患关系中奇特的角色扮演。
52.
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】从本句中可以看出此处想表达的是买方想方设法吸引潜在的顾客。
其他几个选项为eager 热切的 overseas 海外的 reluctant 不情愿的 都没有
potential好
53.
【参考答案】 C
【试题解析】 这种情况在医疗保健行业是不常见的。和上文中提到的正常的买卖方
之间的关系是形成对比的。
54.
【参考答案】 A
【试题解析】 医患关系是普通的生产者和消费者之间的关系。
55.
【参考答案】 D
【试题解析】 从紧接着的whether the patient should return “next Wednesday,”
whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. 可以看出是购买
决定。
56.
【参考答案】 C
【试题解析】 只有极其少数有经验的病人才会去挑战医生作出的决定。
57.
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】 从especially可以看出应该是“当疾病被认为很严重时，只有
极其少数有经验的病人才会去挑战医生作出的决定”
58.
【参考答案】 A
【试题解析】 此处从particularly可以看出上下文是有关系的。诊治办法一般
都由医生一手操办，在涉及到住院时，医生的诊治方案更加重要。
59.
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】 医生必须给出患者需要住院治疗的证据。
60.
【参考答案】 D
【试题解析】 从句中的but可以看出医生做的判断才是最终的判断。
61.
【参考答案】 B
【试题解析】 上文一直在强调医生在医患关系中的决定作用，因此应该是以
医生魏主体的医务人员是权力中心。
62.
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】 医生在参与者中是核心，所以此处选择“essential”
63.
【参考答案】 D
【试题解析】 meet the bill固定搭配，付账
64.
【参考答案】C
【试题解析】 从上下文可以看出病人在医患关系中是被动接受的那群人。
65. 【参考答案】 A
【试题解析】 从下文的For this reason, economy directed at patients or the general
are relatively ineffective.可以看出是与经济有关。所以此处填的是spending，表示75%-80% 的医疗消费都是由医生决定的。
A
The average number of authors on scientific papers is sky-rocketing. That’s partly because labs are bigger, problems are more complicated, and more different subspecies are needed. But it’s also because U.S. government agencies have started to promote “team science”. As physics developed in the post-World War Ⅱ era, federal funds built expensive national facilities, and these served as surfaces on which collaborations could crystallize naturally.
Yet multiple authorship — however good it may be in other ways — presents problems for journals and for the institutions in which these authors work. For the journals, long lists of authors are hard to deal with in themselves. But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper. If there is research misconduct, how should the liability be allocated among the authors? If there is an honest mistake in one part of the work but not in others, how should an evaluator aim his or her review?
Various practical or impractical suggestions have emerged during the long-standing debate on this issue. One is that each author should provide, and the journal should then publish, an account of that author’s particular contribution to the work. But a different view of the problem, and perhaps of the solution, comes as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions, which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road. Half a lifetime of involvement with this process has taught me how much authorship matters. I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names, agonize over whether a much-cited paper was really the candidate’s work or a coauthor’s, and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility.
Problems of this kind change the argument, supporting the case for asking authors to define their own roles. After all, if quality judgments about individuals are to be made on the basis of their personal contributions, then the judges better know what they did. But if questions arise about the validity of the work as a whole, whether as challenges to its conduct or as evaluations of its influence in the field, a team is a team, and the members should share the credit or the blame.
1. According to the passage, there is a tendency that scientific papers________.
A. are getting more complicated
B. are dealing with bigger problems
C. are more of a product of team work
D. are focusing more on natural than on social sciences
2. One of the problems with multiple authorship is that it is hard_______.
A.to allocate the responsibility if the paper goes wrong
B.to decide on how much contribution each reviewer has made
C.to assign the roles that the different authors are to play
D.to correspond with the authors when the readers feel the need to
3. According to the passage, authorship is important when .
A. practical or impractical suggestions of the authors are considered
B. appointments and promotions of the authors are involved
C. evaluators need to review the publication of the authors
D. the publication of the authors has become much-cited
4. According to the passage, whether multiple authors of a paper should be taken collectively or individually depends on_______.
A. whether judgments are made about the paper or its authors
B. whether it is the credit or the blame that the authors need to share
C. how many authors are involved in the paper
D. where the paper has been published
5. The best title for the passage can be_______.
A. Writing Scientific Papers: Publish or Perish
B. Collaboration and Responsibility in Writing Scientific Papers
C. Advantages and Disadvantages of Team Science
D. Multiple Authors, Multiple Problems
答案解析：
1. C。根据文章第一段中“…it’s also because U.S. government agencies have started to promote ‘team science’.”可知论文数量的增加与team science有关。故答案为C。
2. A。根据文章第二段中“But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper.”可知当文章出错的时候，很难找出由谁负责。故答案为A。
3. B。根据文章第三段中“…as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions, which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road.”可知，当涉及作者的任命和晋升时，著作权是非常重要的。故答案为B。
4. A。根据最后一段中第二句和第三句的论述可知，多作者作品的职责是该整体来评判还是单独评判，取决于判断是根据作品本身还是作者做出来的。故答案为A。
5.D。本文刚开始指出现在出现好多作者共同执笔的现象以及这一现象带来的社会问题，最后提出了一些解决办法。纵观全文，只有选项D更全面的概括了文章。故答案为D。
B
A. expand B. developing Crest D. slip E. measure
F. annual G. fighting H. domestic I. prove J. doubled K. boosted
NEW YORK (Reuters)-U.S. factories shrugged off weakness in the global economy in November as manufacturing activity rose to its highest level in five months, a fresh sign the 41 economy was accelerating.
Recent data on consumer spending and private-sector job creation has also 42. optimism on the pace of growth.
“The economy seems finally to be 43 real momentums," said Ian Shepherdson, an economist at High Frequency Economics in Valhalla, New York.
Also pointing to growth, automakers reported U.S. sales rose 13.9 percent in November from a year earlier, Autodata Corp said.
The Institute for Supply Management said on Thursday its index of national factory activity rose to 52.7 from 50.8 the month before, beating analysts' expectations and showing the sector continues to 44 .
The added momentum, also apparent in the report's details, reduces the chances the U.S. economy will 45 into a new recession, even with an expected contraction in the euro zone.
Compared to a dismal first half of the year, the pace of U.S. growth more than 46 in the third quarter to a 2 percent 47 rate. While that remains subpar, economists believe activities will 48 even stronger in the final three months of the year.
The ISM 49 of new orders rose to its highest level since April, and the export index also improved, although modestly.
"That should keep some momentum going," said Sean Incremona, an economist at 4Cast in New York. "It is good to see things are not getting worse now."
Much of the 50 of the world, however, is getting worse, especially in Europe where policy-makers are fighting a raging sovereign debt crisis.
41—49 HKBAD JFIEC
分析：
42.K．根据句子成分分析，这里应该是完成时态，需要填一个过去分词，可供选择的项是J和K，“boosted”的意思是增加，增强，会给学生做题造成困扰，如果知道意思，会很好确定；也可以用排除法，double应该与数字有关，但“optimism”是个抽象名词，感情不能用数字衡量
42，J． 很容易调成一个名词，学生会认为more than后面一定要加名词性质的词，但从整个句子成分来看，这里缺少的是谓语动词，并且是过去时态，所以，很容易确定时“doubled”
49. E. ISM即Institute For Supply Management美国供应管理协会，学生会看不懂，但基本可以填对，用排除法做
C
Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give __51__ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber (水管工) when they are __52__ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate __53__ as “generally good,” “correct,” and “moral” more than their peers.
Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are __54__ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become __55__ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.
“As a business school professor, these effects worry me, as economics, __56__ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a __57__ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.” says Frank.
If economics can __58__ pro-social(亲社会、利社会) behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business __59__ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of “social preferences” like __60__, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, __61__ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are __62__ about others, not only themselves. __63__, within economics courses, we should do a better job __64__ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values -- including helping others.
Not until then may the prophecy (预言) by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen be __65__. Calling economists “rational fools,” he observed: “The purely economic man is indeed close to being a social fool.”
51. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more
52. A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid
53. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics
54. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached
55. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful
56. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to
57. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason
58. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause
59. A. education B. standard C. approach D. application
60. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity
61. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in need of
62. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic
63. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise
64. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling
65. A. broken B. predicted C. challenged D. fulfilled
51-55 B D B C A 56-60 D C C A D 61-65 B A C B D
分析：
52. C。经济学专业的学生有经济头脑，比较看重自己的利益，不愿被占便宜，如果被分配去做去事情，他们会极力维护自己的权利，直接建议让专业人士去做
53. B。要选择一个与经济学方面有关的词，本文最开始讲经济学家吝啬，经济学专业的学生比较看重自身利益，后文也讲到他们比较自私，涉及到“贪婪”的事，经济学专业的学生与其他人相比，更倾向于把“贪婪”说成是好的东西
54. C。本身就以自我利益为重心的人，更容易被吸引到经济学领域里
57. C。经济学与生活息息相关，经济学为管理学、会计学等领域奠定基础，这可以结合生活实际
58. B。前面一直介绍经济学的利益导向性质，这里换个角度，讲如果可以让经济学研究“亲社会行为”，那应该怎么做
62. A。be concerned about关心
64. B。本段主要讲经济学研究亲社会行为，经济学能更好地定义“自利原则”
A
‘North China’s Tianjin Municipality(直辖市) has started a “Blue Sky Project” to control the air pollution.
Under the project requirements, the air quality in Tianjin is expected to measure up to the national standard by 2007, when two thirds of days in the year will enjoy fairly good or excellent air quality.
In order to achieve the goal, Tianjin will take a series of measures such as controlling the use of coal, reducing the dust floating from construction sites, planting trees along the major streets, and replacing petrol with liquid natural gas as the fuel for vehicles.
Since people paid little attention to the environmental protection, the air quality in Tianjin has worsened during the past decade. The project has received wide praise and support from the natives.
*The newly-discovered “Great Wall” in south China’s Hunan Province will open to visitors in the near future.
“We will try to make it an internationally famous attraction for tourists, ” said Yuan Xinhua, director of the Hunan Provincial Tourism Administration(管理局).
The main part of the 190-km “Southern China Great Wall” is located in Fenghuang County in western Hunan.
Built during the Ming Dynasty(1368—1644)by the local Miao minority people, the Southern China Great Wall is 2.3 m high and 1.7 m wide.
The Chinese have been enjoying themselves by sightseeing or traveling during the Spring Festival this year rather than engaging in the traditional gathering of relatives and friends at home.
In the past five days, over 200 000 Beijingers spent the one-week Spring Festival holiday shopping in Tianjin. Low prices of consumer(消费) goods and the convenient railway service enable Beijingers to visit the neighboring city during the day.
Meanwhile unlike previous years, an increasing number of Tianjiners went to Beijing during the Spring Festival to visit places of interest in the capital.
Tourism had been heating up in the last few years. An increase in income and longer holidays have made it possible for Chinese to relax after a year of work.
1. If “Blue Sky Project” is completed ________.
A. there will be no air pollution in Tianjin
B. the natives can enjoy good air quality most of the year
C. liquid natural gas will have taken the place of coal and petrol
D. people will pay less attention to environmental protection
2. according to Mr. Yuan from Hunan, the opening of the Southern China Great Wall is a good way to ________.
A. rebuild the wall B. help local Miao minority people
C. discover the history D. arouse foreigners’ interest
3. The Chinese would like to go sightseeing or travel during the Spring Festival this year mainly because ________.
A. prices are higher in their native places
B. railway service is getting better and better
C. they are tired of meeting relatives and friends at home
D. they have longer holidays and more money
【答案与解析】本代介绍了国家的三个不同方面的建设计划项目。
1. B。推理判断题。根据…when two thirds of days in the year will enjoy fairly good or excellent air quality可知答案为B。
2. D。推理判断题。根据We will try to make it an internationally famous attraction for tourists(将尽力吸引国际游客)可知答案为D。
3. D。事实细节题。根据An increase in income and longer holidays have made it possible for Chinese to relax after a year of work可知答案为D。
B
The Norwegian government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration(勘探)to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline, production limits have been laid down, and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems. And few people believe that the government will be able to hold things back for long.
Ever since the war, the government has been carrying out a program of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this program has had a great deal of success. Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.
The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however, with nearly 100 per cent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose most of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.
1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to _______.
A. provide more jobs for foreign workers
B. slow down the rate of its development
C. sell the oil it is producing abroad
D. develop more quickly than at present
2. The Norwegian Government has tried to _______.
A. encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources
B. prevent oil companies employing people from Northern Norway
C. help the oil companies solve many of their problems
D. keep the oil industry to something near its present size
3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead in Northern Norway to _______.
A. the development of industry
B. a growth in population
C. the failure of the development program
D. the development of new towns
4. In the south, one effect of the development of the oil industry might be _______.
A. a large reduction in unemployment B. a growth in the tourist industry
C. a reduction in the number of existing industries D. the development of a number of service industry
【答案与解析】本文讲述的是挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油业。
1. B。事实细节题。根据文章第1段中production limits have been laid down可知答案为B。
2. D。事实细节题。根据文中第1句 A new law limits exploration(勘探)to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline可知答案为D。
3. D。推理判断题。根据第2段中During the past few years this program has had a great deal of success.
Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry可知答案为D。
4. C。事实细节题。根据文章最后一段 Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether 可知答案为C。
Test 03
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A
A.create
B.separate
C.indicate
D.responsibility
E.negative
F.failure
G.willing
H.control
I.concerned
J.concern
K.functioning
How do successful people think? What drives them? Interviews and investigations ____1____ that there are several keys to success that successful people share.
First of all, successful people never blame someone or something outside of themselves for their ____2____ to go ahead. They realize that their future lies in their own hands. They understand that they cannot ____3____ things in life, such as nature, the past and other people. But in the meantime, they are well aware that they can control their own thoughts and actions. They take ____4____ for their life and regard this as one of the most empowering things they can do .Perhaps what most ____5____ successful people from others is that they live life ‘on purpose’---they are doing what they believe they are put here to do .In their opinion, having a purpose in their life is the most important fact that enables them to become fully ____6____ people. They hold that when they live their life on purpose, their main ____7____ is to do the job right .They love what they do ---and it shows people want to do business with them because of their commitment（责任心） to their jobs. To live their life on purpose, successful people find a cause they believe in and ____8____ a business around it. Besides, they never easily give up. Once they have set up goals in their life, they are ____9____ to do whatever it takes to achieve their goals. Top achievers always keep in mind that they don’t have forever. Rather than seeing it ____10____ or depressing, they use the knowledge to encourage themselves to move on and go after what they want energetically and passionately.
CFHDB KJAGE
B
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A screen door (纱门) allows for an open view while at the same time affording a degree of privacy. 1 , communication between parents and their child away at college should have openness in expressing viewpoints but, at the same time, it should demonstrate a respect for privacy. Staying in touch with each other is important because without 2 , there is no connection and worry can take over. All involved should try to be 3 in listening to, understanding and dealing with special concerns or needs that arise whether they may be from the student, parents or friends.
For the happy student adjusting well at school, calls to home can be infrequent. This is not necessarily a cause for parents to 4 . While parents are naturally 5 about what their child is up to, the majority of students are busy getting accustomed to their new home, making new friends and 6 to new schedules and activities. The fact is that without any ill intention on purpose, they can spend little time thinking about home and they may not appreciate the degree of their parents’ 7 curiosity.
For the student who is not adjusting well at school, calls to home will probably be made more 8 . This circumstance can bring a 9 period for both parent and child. For the parents at home, it can be terribly 10 to sense. their child is unhappy. It is difficult to judge how we should react to this challenge: as 11 , we want to bring our children home to the safety of our nest; in our parent-teacher role, we want to 12 the ties and allow our child the opportunity to make it on his/her own.
For the student away at school, unhappiness can be lonely and frightening and in some cases, it can lead to depression and illness. There is a sense of 13 for some homesick students who fear that Mom and Dad will 14 their inability to cope with the new environment. This is especially true when the homesick one sees classmates adjusting somewhat effortlessly. No matter what the circumstances are that have created 15 , communication between parent and child must remain open, honest and in balance.
1.
A. Relatively
B. Contrarily
C. Typically
D. Similarly
2.
A. sacrifice
B. privacy
C. appreciation
D. communication
3.
A. sensitive
B. confident
C. casual
D. modest
4.
A. worry
B. regret
C. cheer
D. wonder
5.
A. uninformed
B. curious
C. happy
D. sensible
6.
A. adding
B. referring
C. adjusting
D. leading
7.
A. strange
B. increasing
C. awakened
D. normal
8.
A. formally
B. frequently
C. sincerely
D. patiently
9.
A. disappointing
B. recovering
C. challenging
D. training
10.
A. damaging
B. disturbing
C. demanding
D. exhausting
11.
A. protectors
B. reminders
C. inspectors
D. individuals
12.
A. maintain
B. establish
C. restore
D. cut
13.
A. relief
B. responsibility
C. achievement
D. embarrassment
14.
A. get bored with
B. get upset with
C. be ignorant of
D. be honest with
15.
A. opportunity
B. uncertainty
C. unhappiness
D. nervousness
DDAAB CDBCB ADDBC
课后作业
C
Small discoveries in Indonesia are causing a stir(轰动 ) in the science world. Researchers have unearthed tiny bones that they believe belong to an entirely new human species. If that’ s true, it will change how we think about our ancestors.
Clues that the little people may have lived long ago were first revealed last year in the scientific journal Nature. Scientists said that they had found the bones of a three-foot-tall female on the island of Flores, in Indonesia. When they looked more closely, they saw that the nearly complete skeleton belonged to a full-grown adult. Researchers named her Hobbit, after the tiny heroes of the Lord of the Rings books.
Now the team is saying it has unearthed even more pieces of the puzzle, including a jawbone and parts of arms, legs and hands from several individuals, as well as stone tools. They reported their find in Nature this month. ‘The new evidence makes it very clear that these people are a new species, distinct from modem humans,’ Peter Brown, a scientist on the team, said. They named these ancient humans Homo floresiensis.
Brown says that these little people lived as recently as 12,000 years ago. If Homo floresiensis was a different species from modern humans, that would make our family tree bigger than we knew. It means, says Brown, that ‘until recently, a relative shared the planet with us.’
Many scientists think a new species is unlikely. Some argue that the bones must have belonged to modern humans whose small size was the result of a genetic problem.
Daniel E. Lieberman, a scientist at Harvard University, thinks that the debate over the discovery is healthy. He believes that the questions and arguments raised by critics will help us learn more about these unusual skeletons. ‘Disagreement is an important part of the scientific process’, Lieberman said. ‘As far as I’m concerned, the story’s only just begun.’
1. Researchers name the skeleton Hobbit because_________.
A. it is a figure described in the Lord of the Rings
B. it resembles the tiny heroes in a set of book
C. it proves to be a full-grown adult
D. it belongs to an ancient human species
2. Small discoveries in Indonesia are important because__________.
A. they are revealed in the scientific journal Nature
B. they are made by Peter Brown, a famous scientist
C. they are about ancestors of modern humans
D. they might provide new evidence for human study
3. According to Daniel E. Lieberman_____________.
A. Homo floresiensis doesn’t exist on earth
B. disagreement leads to further research
C. the investigation hasn’t begun yet
D. our family tree is bigger than we knew
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Comparison between Different Peoples
B. Arguments Over Human Origin
C. Discovery of a Possible New Human Species
D. History of Indonesian People
D
WELCOME
Welcome to Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. Windsor is one of the official residences of the Queen, who sometimes stays here.
Audio tours
Free audio tours are available on leaving the Admission Centre at the start of your visit. There is a descriptive audio tour for blind and poor-sighted visitors.
Guided tours
Visitors can explore the history of the Castle through a tour of the Precincts with an expert guide. Tours depart at regular intervals throughout the day from the Courtyard and finish at the entrance to the State Apartments.
Visitors with children
For those visiting with children, a special family tour and various activities are offered during school holidays and at weekends. Please note that, for safety reasons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State Apartments. However, baby carriers are available to borrow.
St George’s Chapel
Visitors arriving at the Castle after 15:00 from march to October are advised to visit St George’s
Chapel first, before it closes.
Shopping
Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs designed for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys.
Please ask at the Middle Ward shop about our home delivery service.
Refreshments
Bottled water can be purchased from the Courtyard and Middle Ward shops. From April to September ice cream is also available. Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments in the town may obtain re-entry permits from the castle shops. Eating and drinking are not permits in the State Apartments or St George’s Chapel.
Photography and mobile phones
Non-commercial photography and filming are welcomed in the Castle. Photography, video recording and filming are not permitted inside the State Apartments or St George’s Chapel. Mobile phone must be switched off inside the State Apartments and St George’s Chapel in consideration of other visitors.
Security
As Winter Castle is a working royal palace, visitors and their belongings should get through airport-style security checks. For safety and security reasons a one-way system operates along the visitor route.
1. A visitor can apply for a free audio tour _____.
A. in the Courtyard
B. in the State Apartments
C. at the Admission Center
D. at St George’s Chapel
2. What is specially offered to visitors with kids?
A. A security guard.
B. A pushchair.
C. A free toy.
D. A baby carrier.
3. Who can get re-entry permits?
A. Visitors wishing to eat outside the Castle.
B. Visitors buying gifts in the castle shops.
C. Visitors buying water from the Courtyard.
D. Visitors eating outside St George’s Chapel.
4. Why arc visitors required to turn off their mobile phones?
A. To ensure the safety of others.
B. To ensure the security of the Castle.
C. To prevent them from disturbing others.
D. To prevent the use of the built-in cameras.
E
Rail passengers are being forced to pay thousands of pounds more in fares as a result of poor advice from the national telephone helpline and individual stations, a consumer organisation reveals today .Research by Which? found that in some cases passengers are being charged almost double the cheapest price because of errors made by staff .
Which? asked 25 questions of both station staff and the National Rail Enquiries (NRES) helpline. Only half of the 50 questions were answered correctly. If customers had followed all the advice given ,they would have been ￡1,263.60 worse off .
Bad advice was given for the cheapest fare for a single journey between London and Grantham .For a ticket bought on the day of travel, both NRES and a King’s Cross station clerk quoted（报价） GNER’s ￡44.50 fare ,ignoring a Hull Trains service which leaves 10 minutes earlier and costs just ￡20.
Some of the most costly misinformation was given for journeys where season tickets should have been recommended .Passengers making a return journey between Swindon and Penzance twice in a week could buy a ticket from one company for ￡70 which would cover all the travel. But both NRES and station staff quoted ￡67 for each journey, making ￡134.However, the NRES website proved to be a much more reliable source of information.
Which ? also checked ‘the earlier you book, the cheaper the ticket’ claims by five companies and found this was not always the case .On some services, prices went up and down at random.
Ithiel Mogridge, 52, gave one example of poor advice :’Last Christmas I found my brother a ticket on the thetrainline.com to travel from Blackburn to Yate. While the direct route was ￡51, this one involved a change in Newport and cost just ￡21. I emailed the details to him and his partner. They went to Blackburn station ,where the clerk insisted the fare was ￡51.’
Malcolm Coles, editor of which.co.uk, said: ‘Staff training needs to be improved. In the meantime, we’ve designed a checklist, available at which.co.uk/ rail advice. ‘
1. According to the passage ‘which?’ is a _____
A. national telephone helpline
B. department under the British Rail
C. consumer organisation
D. website under the National Rail Enquiries
2.When the author said that customers ‘would have been ￡1,263.60 worse off’, he was telling us that customers would have _______
A. saved ￡1,263.60 if they had followed the advice
B. spend ￡1,263.60 more than the lowest price
C. used ￡1,263.60 for the survey of 25 questions
D. been cheated of ￡1,263.60 from the poor advice
3. The phrase ‘at random’ in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ‘_________’
A. casually B. purposefully C. exactly D. inevitably
4. The passage is mainly concerned with the phenomenon that ________
A. train passengers get bad advice on fares
B. rail passengers are ill-treated by station staff
C. booking clerks and the telephone helpline offer reliable information
D. rail passengers can get cheaper tickets if they book earlier
BDBC CDAC CBAA
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