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2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第9讲 考纲词汇&状语从句&阅读【学案】
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这是一份2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第9讲 考纲词汇&状语从句&阅读【学案】，共18页。学案主要包含了时间状语从句高考重难点突破等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版）
第9讲 考纲词汇&状语从句&阅读 学生版
教学内容
一、 上次课考纲词汇默写
11. 因…应受责备
2. 某事物使某人受益，某人得益于某事物
3. 破坏生态平衡
4. 从头到尾，自始至终
5. 对…感到厌烦
6. 因…授予某人…奖
7. 不能忍受做
8. 以…为基础
9. 在…方面落后(于…)
10. 卧(病)在床
11. 竭尽全力做
12. 售票处
13. 某物对某人来说可得到
14. 信任；相信…的存在，信仰
15. (介)因为
16. 由…开始
17. 洗澡
18. not a bit
19. 最好不做
20. (充分)意识到…
21. 按铃
22. 生于…
23. 牢记…
24. 人
25. 劳逸结合
26. 行为检点，守规矩
27. 平均
28. 正要做某事
29. 安全带
30. 对…有害
31. 把…归咎于某人
32. 布告栏
33. 理发店
34. 在海滩
35. be bound to do
36. 避免做
37. 像以前一样
38. 禁止…做
39. 肢体语言
40. 属于
41. big game
42. come into being
43. 铺床
44. on board
45. 举止得当/恶劣
46. 在某人背后，背地里
47. 游泳衣
48. 生来具有…
49. 在…之初
50. 吹嘘…
高考英语单词测验4(P37-48)
1. adj.明亮的；鲜艳的;聪明的bright 2. 粗心；疏忽 carelessness
3. adj.新建的 newly-built 4. n.首都 capital
5. n. 分支（如分店、分部、分行等） branch 6. n.地毯 carpet
7. n.糖果 candy 8. n. 生涯；职业，事业 career
9. n. 品牌；商标 brand 10. vt. 取消；删去 cancel
11. n.黄油 butter 12. n.日历 calendar
13. n.动画片；漫画 cartoon 14. v.呼吸 breathe
15. n. 船长，机长；队长captain 16. n.保龄球 bowling
17. n.咖啡馆;小餐馆cafe 18. n.木匠 carpenter
19. n.新娘 bride 20. n.癌 cancer
21. adj. 勇敢的 brave 22. n. 胡萝卜 carrot
23. adj.能干的 capable 24. budget n.预箅（案）
25. calculate v.计算 26. browse vi /n.浏览，随便翻阅
27. ceiling n.天花板 28. brake 制动器，刹车
29. cash vt.兑现（支票等） 30. broad adj.宽的，广阔的;广泛的
31. canal n.运河 32. bullet n.子弹
33. botanic(al) adj.植物(学)的 34. cart n. 手推车
35. brunch n.早午餐（晚吃的早餐,用以代替午餐）
36. cease v. /n.停止 37. campaign n. 战役；运动；竞选
38. bury vt.掩埋 39. outbreak n,爆发
40. capture vt./n. 捕获，俘虏；占领 41. canteen n.食堂;小卖部
42. bother vt. 打扰;使烦恼 43. catalog(ue) n.目录
44. candidate n.候选人；求职者；应试者 45. brick n.砖；积木
46. casual adj.偶然的；随便的；不经意的 漫不经心的
47. brilliant adj.灿烂的；极聪明的 48. carbonic adj.碳的
49. canned adj. 罐装的 50. cabin n. 机舱，船舱；小屋
状语从句定义
Key concept: 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，用于修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句一般由连词引导，连词不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
时间状语从句的引导词
引导时间状语从句的从属连询很多，常见的有before，after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as等。
1. 时间状语从句常见的引导词：
1）表示“当……时候”：when
Eg. Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(在)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。
批注：例句中的两个动作started和was, 都发生在过去，客观描述过去事实，动词既可以用短暂性的，也可以是持续性的。具体辨析见节讲解。
1. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
2. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.
A. before B. if C. while D. as
3.I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ___ Brian gets back.
A. before B. since C. till D. after
4. It was April 29, 2001 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
2）在...期间：while
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅行期间参观了许多地方。
批注：例句中的两个动作visit和was traveling, 都发生在过去，主句用过去式描述过去发生的动作，从句用过去进行式表示一短时间持续的动作，用延续性动词travel.
3）在...的同时；一边...一边...：as
We always sing as we walk.
我们总是一边走一边唱。
批注：例句中的两个动作sing和walk几乎是同时发生的，用连词as连接表示一边…一边…的意思。
4）在...之后：after
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework .
他做完作业之后就离开教室。
5）在...之前：before
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生来这里之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
常用句型：
It is/was(not)+时间+before+从句
It will(not)be+时间+before+从句
no sooner... than, hardly... when等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。
6）Until/till
until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到……才”。
Eg. He waited until she was about to leave. 他一直等到她准备离开。
I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。
批注：这两个例句中，第一个动词wait是延续性动词表示在某动作结束之前，一致保持的动作。
第二个例句中，第一个动词begin是一个短暂性动词，表示知道他走了之后我才开始工作。
It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
7）表示“一……就”:
表示“一……就”除用as soon as外，还可用the minute, the second, the instant, the moment, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner... than, scarcely/hardly... when等。
Eg. I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。
Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。
批注：这三个例句中，第一个例句从句用过去式came，主句用过去时called,表示一…就…的意思。
第二个例句中，从句用过去式，主句用过去完成时。
总结：
连词短语表示的意思都是“一…就…的意思”。
当主句是一般现在时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时；
no sooner... than, hardly... when等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。
8）表示“截止…(时间)”：
by the time的意思是“截止…(时间)”，可以引导时间状语从句。By the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。
Eg. By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。
By the time you receive this letter, I will have left this city for my hometown.
批注：这两个例句中，第一个例句从句用过去式got home，主句用过去完成时had already gone to bed。
第二个例句中，从句用一般现在是，主句用将来完成时。
“by+时间”还可以构成各种短语，在句子中作时间状语：
By then(截止那时); by nine o’clock（截止9点钟）
By the end of last year（截至去年年底）； by last year（截止去年）；
By the end of next year（截止明年年底）
扩展：
三、时间状语从句高考重难点突破
when, while和as的区别：
1.
Eg.
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.
当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词)
批注：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
Eg.
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）
批注：While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。
Eg.
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
批注：As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。
In some places women are expected to earn money______men work at home and raise their children.
A.but B.while C.because D.though
when, while和as的区别：
2.
Eg.
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。
（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
批注：注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；
如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。
After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。
when, while和as的区别：
3.
Eg：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
批注：since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。
It is almost five years____ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
扩展：
1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)
Eg. It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。
2. It is +before…(。。。才)
Eg. It was a long time before I went to sleep again. 过了很长时间我才睡着。
It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.
过了一个小时，警察才来。
when, while和as的区别：
4.
Eg.
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.
太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
批注：hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。
课堂练习1（建议 10 分钟）:
1. It was quiet ________ those big trucks started coming through the town.
A. before B. after C. until D. unless
2. It seemed only seconds ________ the boy finished washing his face.
A. when B. before C. after D. even if
3. Hardly had he reached the school gate ________ the bell rang.
A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as
4.We were told that we should follow the main road _____ we reached the central railway station.
A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever
5. I recognized you ________ I saw you at the airport.
A. the moment B. while C. after D. once
课堂练习2：
1. 那位科学家认为，还要好几年这个理论才能付诸于实践。(before)
2. 每次叫他做家务，他总是假装在看书。(every time)
3.互联网是个人电脑发明以来最重要的进步。（since）
4.如果你一收到消息就能给我答复的话，我将不胜感激。(the moment)
5.我们正在散步突然下起了大雨。（when）
2. 原因状语从句
1）Because, since, as和for的区别
1）语气：都可意为“因为”，但在语气上，because表示内在的、必然的因果关系，语气最强。其次是since，as, for。
Eg. He has to leave because it is too late.
批注：because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。
Eg. You needn’t go with me, as you are busy.
As I was afraid, I hid myself.
批注：as用来表示原因时，只说明一般的因果关系，语气没有because重，它所引导的从句，可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。
2）词性：Because, since, as都是从属连词。
For是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，for引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。
He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)
A. and B. for C. but D. or
3）位置：
Eg. I went to see him, for I had something to tell him.
我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。
As it was late, I had to go.
由于太晚了，我必须走了。
Since everybody is here, let's begin.
既然大家都知道了，我们开始吧。
A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so B. but C. and D. for
2）。原因状语从句易错点
原因状语从句注意事项：
1）as与since, now that —样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位干主句前，且均不可用于强调结构中被强调。
2）当表示直接的因果关系，回答why时，或有only, just, all, partly, not, but等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用because。
3）for有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位干后面，不能位于句首，切前面要有都好与前一分句分开，对前一分句加以解释或推断。
4）不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。
课堂练习1：
1. ______ he was eating, he remained silent.
A. Since B. For C. While D. Because
2. ______ we have come, let’s stay and enjoy it.
A. For B. As C. Because D. Since
3. Mary came to France in 1980 and it wasn’t long ______ she became a French citizen.
A. while B. since C. before D. when
4. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. As D. While
5. He can’t have gone out, ______ the light is still on.
A. because B. since C. as D. for
课堂练习2：
1.既然经济舱位的票很畅销，我们应尽快打电话到售票处询问一下，以免坐失良机。(now that)
2.中国达人秀(China Talent Show) 吸引了成千上万名各个年龄层的人，因为它给普通人以展示自我的机会。(because)
3.谈判双方只关心各自利益，且对各自应承担的责任意见相左，至今没有在该问题上达成最终协定。 (As…)
3. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句的引导词
引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, however (=no matter how), even if（即使），whether... or（不论……还是）等连词。
Eg. The speech is good, though it could be better.
这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。
He went out even though it was raining.
尽管下着雨，他还是出去了。
1. 让步状语从句常见的引导词：
1）Though和although: 都表示“尽管…”的意思
（×）: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
（√） : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
（×）: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
（√）: Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
批注：两者都当虽然讲，但从以上两个例句来看，两者且都可以与yet/still连用，但是不能与but连用。
although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多；
though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
注意：
Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A. whether B. although C. for D. so
______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest
him.
A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as
2）as意为“虽然，尽管……”
Eg. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.
Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….
1. 名词提句首时，不加冠词：
e.g：Teacher as he is ,he likes Chinese very much
2. though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：
e.g It was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.
那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。
____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
3）ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
批注：even if/even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导的让步状语从句的内容既可以是事实，也可以是一种假设。
4）whatever， whoever， wherever， whenever， however等引导意为“无论……，都……”
Eg. No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
批注：要注意连词在让步状语从句中所作的句子成分，例句中，whatever在句中作主语，另外，还要注意从句的语序。
To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with.
A. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever
you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
5）while意为“尽管，虽然”
eg. While I admit his good points I can see his bad.
尽管我承认他的长处,但我也看到了他的不足。
批注：以上两个例句中，while引导让步状语从句, 多用于句首。意为“尽管,虽然”。while还常常作并列连词用,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折，如下句所示：
Eg. There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。（表示对比）
__________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While
课堂练习1：
1. ________ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever
2. Hard-working though he was, ________ there was never enough money to pay the bills.
A. / B. and C. but D. therefore
3. Much hard ________ he tried，he flailed to catch up with the first runner.
A. although B. as C. while D. when
4. ________ , I have to put it away and focus (集中)my attention on study this week.
A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing
5. ________ he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually in the way.
A. Although B. Unless C. Because D. When
课堂练习2：
1.虽然全球性的金融危机使就业问题雪上加霜，大学毕业生还是对未来充满信心。（Although）
2.学习中我们遇到任何困难都不能半途而废。 (whatever)
3.不管你是反对还是赞成这个计划，明天中午12点以前你得投票。（Whether）
4.虽然困难重重，但他父母还是设法及时赶到了上海。( despite )
_____ he was tired after the daily hard work, Mo Yan was hungry for books. (杨浦一模
2._____his 1-year-old smart phone still works perfectly, he feels the need to replace it.(闵行一模)
3. ___________ difficulties we may come across in carrying out this plan, we’ll work together to overcome them. （长宁二模）
4. ______ ______ the volunteers have to consider their own problems, they are still encouraged by the spirit.（崇明二模）
5. ________ you are in a speech contest or you are giving a talk in class, a little preparation will make your presentation organized and dynamic.（杨浦二模）
6._____ _____kids are spending an hour and a half at a sports practice, most aren’t getting all the activity they need for the day. (黄浦一模)
7. English is a course for anyone in university, ______ his or her major or previous educational qualifications are. (徐汇一模)
8. It will be the first concern of the government to set a limit on the birthrate, _____ the consequences may be. (松江一模)
9. English is a course for anyone in university, ______ his or her major or previous educational qualifications are. (徐汇一模)
10. You had better conduct the experiment_____ your professor have instructed you; otherwise you may fail to complete it. (徐汇一模)
11. The elderly patients still prefer the traditional way, _____ online booking system is supposed to be convenient and fast. (杨浦一模)
12. The song “Happy Birthday” is ______ simple in rhythm that children as young as three can sing it without difficulty. (闸北一模)
13._______ born in Toronto, Canada, the author is most famous for the stories about New York City. (长宁一模)
14. It was thirty years_______ he was invested as an outstanding alumnus to celebrate the 128th anniversary of the university. (长宁一模)
15. ______you write on a subject, you join in an ongoing, trans-historical conversation with others who have written about your topic. (长宁一模)
16. (全国卷II)19. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
17. (江西卷)29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or_________ it is convenient to you
18. (四川卷)4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.
19. (四川) As is reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
20. (辽宁卷)29. He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
21.(天津卷)5. regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
22.(重庆)30 To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with.
23.(湖南卷) Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______ _______he had done something very clever.
24. (全国卷I，25)I don’t believe we’ve met before, _____ I must say you do look familiar.
25.（湖南卷)_____ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
26. (北京卷，21)─Look at those clouds!
─Don’t worry. _____ _____it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
27. (陕西卷)Hot __the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
28. (四川)7.He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _____ _____ he wants to.
29. (山东)28. _________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
30. (天津)5. _______ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
A Night Out
Michelle walked out the theater humming (哼唱) a tune. She’d just seen a wonderful musical at the beautiful Paramount Theater. (25) ________ she closed her eyes, she could still see the beautiful costumes and stage sets. It was now after 11 p.m., and she really didn’t like being out late by (26) ________. Since no one else had wanted to go to the show, she (27) ____ ____ go alone. She headed down the dark Seattle Street toward her car. No car. The parking space was empty. ‘That’s odd,’ she thought. ‘Am I on the wrong street?’ She checked the street signs. No, she was on Pine Street. And she was sure that this was (28) ________ she’d left her car. But her car was nowhere to be seen. She began to feel nervous. Someone had stolen her car! What was she going to do?
Should she call the police or call someone to give her a ride? She decided to call someone. She took out her cell phone only (29) ________ (find) that her battery was dead! Now what? Maybe she could take a cab. She only had $1 in cash (30) ________ she checked every corner of her wallet. And to her horror, her credit card was missing! Then she remembered. She’d ordered something on the Internet and left the card by her computer. She headed back toward the theater and the lights on Pike Street. Then she saw something familiar. Her car! She realized she (31) ___________ (park) on Pike Street not Pine Street! Once again (32) ________ (sing) a song from the show, she got into her car and headed home.
(B)
The Koran
Most religions have some kind of holy text on which the religious beliefs are based. For Christians this text is the Holy Bible; for Jews it is the Torah and for Muslims it is the Koran.
Muslims believe that the Koran (33) ________ (consist) of revelations from God to Muhammad during the years 610 to 632 when Muhammad died. These revelations were written down by those (34) ________ were close to him during this time and for several years after his death. They were gathered into the text (35) ________ (know) as the Koran during the years 630 to 650.
The interpretation of the Koran has always been a difficult task, even for Islamic scholars. For example, the meanings of some words are determined by dots above the vowels(元音). In ancient Arabic, however, very often these dots (36) ________ (omit). As a result some letters looked identical. Thus, the meanings of these words depended in many cases (37) ________ the memories of the men who had written them. Early Muslims had to try to get the exact meanings of the words (38) ________ these people died and it was too late.
Unlike the Bible, in which the events are provided in time order, there is no reference to (39) ________ things occurred in the Koran. In any case, unlike the Bible, most the suras - sections - are composed of orders and warnings. Unlike in the Bible, there are very few stories in the Koran.
Muslims believe that by (40) ________ (recite) the book, they create a holy atmosphere, and there are many Muslims who have learned the Koran by heart.
课后作业
．翻译练习【★★★★】
1.药品没有广告说得那么有效, 我服了药后, 没有缓解我的咳嗽。(as…as…) (黄埔二模)
2.虽然经理尽力想挽留他，但看来他去意已决。（seem）(浦东二模)
3.尽管时光荏苒，但和同学们一起为进入理想大学而苦读书的日子仍然是他难忘的记忆。(admit) (崇明二模)
4. 虽然大家对整容的看法在某种程度上已有所转变，但必须承认它带来的风险。（Although）(徐汇二模)
5.我们从不怀疑现在学的东西越多，将来就能工作得越好。(the more…, the more… ) (金山一模)
6. 人们对像手机和电脑这样的电子产品早已司空见惯，以致于很难想象没有它们生活会变成什么样。（such…as…）(虹口)
7.与第二代产品相比，虽然ipad3外观没有太大的变化，但功能得到了较大的提升。(though) (二模)
(A)
In job interviews, we’re often asked about our strengths and weaknesses. And, as a matter of fact, most of us know automatically how to respond.
Common wisdom tells us to use faux weaknesses, which means things that are strengths described as negatives and turned into positives. You might even be able to change your weakness into a skill for a job you’re not fully qualified for.
In America, in a championship game you are unlikely to see athletes showing weakness. If the athletes become hurt in this game, they will hide their injuries — they don’t want their competitors to know their weak spots. But there is absolutely no need for us to act like this in business affairs.
At work and in business, you can have shortcomings because these can be overcome and turned into strengths. The only fatal thing is to not realize that all your weaknesses can be made strong. Of course, to make up for shortcomings, you must first be aware of what your weaknesses really are.
Have you ever wondered what has happened when you interview for a job you’re fully qualified for, but it goes to someone who doesn’t seem to be qualified at all? How would that person get the job when he had none of the qualifications listed in the job ad?
That applicant figured out the business pain point that is seldom, if ever, mentioned in the job ad, and then how to address it. He didn't talk about how he met each of the requirements on the job ad. He had none of the qualifications He asked questions instead. He asked probing (探询的) questions to learn more about the business pain. By doing so, this less-qualified person soon learned that the hiring managers needed something different from what was listed in the job ad.
Not accepting the job ad as an unquestionable truth is the key. There is no reason to think that hiring managers actually know what they need when they write job ads. They may need someone completely different from what they describe. That is why you can get a job that you’re not qualified for.
66. The underlined word “faux” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. incorrect B. illogical C. false D. imaginary
67. What exactly does the author advise you to do when you are a weak candidate for a job?
A. Don’t ask questions if you think you are a weak candidate.
B. Ask questions about the job until you find you have something to offer.
C. Don’t let your interviewer know your weaknesses but tell him your strengths.
D. Ask questions according to the job description to see if you can be a qualified candidate.
68. Why does the author think an applicant can get a job that he’s not qualified for?
A. Because hiring managers may change their mind in the job interview.
B. Because hiring managers may actually need someone who can ask questions.
C. Because the applicant may not know that he actually has the required qualifications.
D. Because hiring managers may not know what they actually need when writing the ad.
69. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. You can change you weaknesses into strengths in job interviews.
B. Don’t expose your weaknesses but show your strengths in job interviews.
C. Find out the business pain point not mentioned in the job ad in job interviews.
D. Hiring managers usually don't know what qualifications they really need.
(B)
TFK Extras
TIME For Kids has teamed up with a number of respected partners to bring you programs that will help inspire you and your students. Featuring games, contests and lively activity suggestions, our partner programs will add a wealth of possibilities to your classroom.
Penguin Group
Ordinary People Change The World!
Penguin Group and TFK have partnered together to help teachers show their students how they can make the world a better place. Based on the inspiring lives of historic figures including Amelia Earhart, Rosa Parks, Abraham Lincoln and Albert Einstein, this fascinating program takes a look at the real life stories of ordinary young people who grew up to become extraordinary adults!
Download the classroom poster provided below.
Classroom Poster: You Can Be a Hero, too.
Star Wars Rebels
Join the Rebellion!
Experience the Disney XD show Star Wars Rebels to get your students excited about exploration, teamwork, and science. Inside the program's student guide you’ll discover classroom resources, such as a board game, a word scramble, and facts about the moon and lunar eclipses(月蚀)．Plus: Background about the Star Wars Rebels characters illustrates how teamwork can help students accomplish even the toughest missions. Download the student guide below.
TFK Extra: Join the Rebellion!
Ultimate Spiderman
Every Great Story Starts with a Hero!
TIME For Kids teamed up with the creators of Disney XD's, Ultimate Spiderman, to encourage kids to take the initiative and become everyday heroes.
This four page student magazine includes interesting tidbits (花边新闻)about the creation and evolution of the Marvel Comics super hero character Spider-Man, as well as facts of interesting real-life spiders. Students are also encouraged to solve a challenging “Spider-Cycle” maze (迷宫) and uncover a mystery clue hidden within a “Spider Search” puzzle.
TFK Extra: Every Great Story Starts with a Hero!
The Mysterious Island
Discover Your Island of Ideas!
TIME For Kids has partnered with the creators of the film The Mysterious Island to introduce creativity and imagination through the “Island of Ideas” program. The Teacher’s Guide provides discussion starters, in-class activities and four reproducibles (复制道具) that will help lead students on a discovery adventure. The poster front encourages students to solve mysterious clues that will lead them to the Ultimate Mysterious X. Students will enjoy uncovering the treasure of ideas that await them in this program.
Classroom Poster: Discover Your Island of Ideas!
70. Penguin Group and TFK have partnered together to ______.
A. show students the inspiring lives of historic figures
B. make the world a better place for teachers and students
C. provide teachers with some useful materials and information
D. help students know that ordinary people can change the world
71. To accomplish the exciting program Star Wars Rebels, students need to ______.
A. complete a tough mission B. have the spirit of rebellion
C. have the spirit cooperation D. explore the moon and lunar eclipses
72. What’s the chief purpose of the magazine Ultimate Spiderman?
A. To encourage kids to learn about facts of interesting real-life spiders.
B. To activate kids to become everyday heroes in real life.
C. To tell interesting tidbits about the creation and evolution of Spider-Man.
D. To solve a challenging “Spider-Cycle” maze and uncover a mystery clue.
73. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Mysterious Island is a film made by TIME For Kids and its partner.
B. The “Island of Ideas” program aims to cultivate creativity and imagination.
C. Teacher’s Guide includes students’ discussions, activities and reproducibles.
D. Ultimate Mysterious X encourages students to uncover the treasure of ideas.
(C)
Mapping Antarctica
Antarctica was the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle believed that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They thought it was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita (Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s ---- after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica ---- that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent, which is one-and-a-half times the size of the U.S..
While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes ---- and later, satellites --- to chart Antarctica’s vast interior (内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that can still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.
Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center (PGC), which is based at the University of Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a backpack. The camera records images in all directions. “It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 t0 12 hours each day,” says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.” According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educational apps for museums.
The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant high-tech helium (氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they will hurt anyone when they fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleher and colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.
Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continue to be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.
74. From the passage, we can infer that Antarctic was on the map in the 1500s when ______.
A. mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S.
B. Aristotle named the continent Terra Incognita
C. no one had ever seen or been to the continent
D. it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to
75. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild.
B. The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites.
C. It is relatively easy to map Antarctica's coastline by ships.
D. Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.
76. The Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) works with Google initially ______.
A. to capture images of Antarctica for Street View
B. to test the company's Trekker technology
C. to create educational apps for museums
D. to hike for an incredible experience
77. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about ______.
A. satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the ice
B. a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instruments
C. how to safely approach the researchers’ field camp and the balloon
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版）
第9讲 考纲词汇&状语从句&阅读 学生版
教学内容
一、 上次课考纲词汇默写
11. 因…应受责备
2. 某事物使某人受益，某人得益于某事物
3. 破坏生态平衡
4. 从头到尾，自始至终
5. 对…感到厌烦
6. 因…授予某人…奖
7. 不能忍受做
8. 以…为基础
9. 在…方面落后(于…)
10. 卧(病)在床
11. 竭尽全力做
12. 售票处
13. 某物对某人来说可得到
14. 信任；相信…的存在，信仰
15. (介)因为
16. 由…开始
17. 洗澡
18. not a bit
19. 最好不做
20. (充分)意识到…
21. 按铃
22. 生于…
23. 牢记…
24. 人
25. 劳逸结合
26. 行为检点，守规矩
27. 平均
28. 正要做某事
29. 安全带
30. 对…有害
31. 把…归咎于某人
32. 布告栏
33. 理发店
34. 在海滩
35. be bound to do
36. 避免做
37. 像以前一样
38. 禁止…做
39. 肢体语言
40. 属于
41. big game
42. come into being
43. 铺床
44. on board
45. 举止得当/恶劣
46. 在某人背后，背地里
47. 游泳衣
48. 生来具有…
49. 在…之初
50. 吹嘘…
高考英语单词测验4(P37-48)
1. adj.明亮的；鲜艳的;聪明的bright 2. 粗心；疏忽 carelessness
3. adj.新建的 newly-built 4. n.首都 capital
5. n. 分支（如分店、分部、分行等） branch 6. n.地毯 carpet
7. n.糖果 candy 8. n. 生涯；职业，事业 career
9. n. 品牌；商标 brand 10. vt. 取消；删去 cancel
11. n.黄油 butter 12. n.日历 calendar
13. n.动画片；漫画 cartoon 14. v.呼吸 breathe
15. n. 船长，机长；队长captain 16. n.保龄球 bowling
17. n.咖啡馆;小餐馆cafe 18. n.木匠 carpenter
19. n.新娘 bride 20. n.癌 cancer
21. adj. 勇敢的 brave 22. n. 胡萝卜 carrot
23. adj.能干的 capable 24. budget n.预箅（案）
25. calculate v.计算 26. browse vi /n.浏览，随便翻阅
27. ceiling n.天花板 28. brake 制动器，刹车
29. cash vt.兑现（支票等） 30. broad adj.宽的，广阔的;广泛的
31. canal n.运河 32. bullet n.子弹
33. botanic(al) adj.植物(学)的 34. cart n. 手推车
35. brunch n.早午餐（晚吃的早餐,用以代替午餐）
36. cease v. /n.停止 37. campaign n. 战役；运动；竞选
38. bury vt.掩埋 39. outbreak n,爆发
40. capture vt./n. 捕获，俘虏；占领 41. canteen n.食堂;小卖部
42. bother vt. 打扰;使烦恼 43. catalog(ue) n.目录
44. candidate n.候选人；求职者；应试者 45. brick n.砖；积木
46. casual adj.偶然的；随便的；不经意的 漫不经心的
47. brilliant adj.灿烂的；极聪明的 48. carbonic adj.碳的
49. canned adj. 罐装的 50. cabin n. 机舱，船舱；小屋
状语从句定义
Key concept: 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，用于修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句一般由连词引导，连词不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
时间状语从句的引导词
引导时间状语从句的从属连询很多，常见的有before，after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as等。
1. 时间状语从句常见的引导词：
1）表示“当……时候”：when
Eg. Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(在)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。
批注：例句中的两个动作started和was, 都发生在过去，客观描述过去事实，动词既可以用短暂性的，也可以是持续性的。具体辨析见节讲解。
1. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
2. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.
A. before B. if C. while D. as
3.I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ___ Brian gets back.
A. before B. since C. till D. after
4. It was April 29, 2001 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
2）在...期间：while
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅行期间参观了许多地方。
批注：例句中的两个动作visit和was traveling, 都发生在过去，主句用过去式描述过去发生的动作，从句用过去进行式表示一短时间持续的动作，用延续性动词travel.
3）在...的同时；一边...一边...：as
We always sing as we walk.
我们总是一边走一边唱。
批注：例句中的两个动作sing和walk几乎是同时发生的，用连词as连接表示一边…一边…的意思。
4）在...之后：after
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework .
他做完作业之后就离开教室。
5）在...之前：before
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生来这里之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
常用句型：
It is/was(not)+时间+before+从句
It will(not)be+时间+before+从句
no sooner... than, hardly... when等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。
6）Until/till
until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到……才”。
Eg. He waited until she was about to leave. 他一直等到她准备离开。
I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。
批注：这两个例句中，第一个动词wait是延续性动词表示在某动作结束之前，一致保持的动作。
第二个例句中，第一个动词begin是一个短暂性动词，表示知道他走了之后我才开始工作。
It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life______ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
7）表示“一……就”:
表示“一……就”除用as soon as外，还可用the minute, the second, the instant, the moment, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner... than, scarcely/hardly... when等。
Eg. I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。
Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。
批注：这三个例句中，第一个例句从句用过去式came，主句用过去时called,表示一…就…的意思。
第二个例句中，从句用过去式，主句用过去完成时。
总结：
连词短语表示的意思都是“一…就…的意思”。
当主句是一般现在时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时；
no sooner... than, hardly... when等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。
8）表示“截止…(时间)”：
by the time的意思是“截止…(时间)”，可以引导时间状语从句。By the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。
Eg. By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。
By the time you receive this letter, I will have left this city for my hometown.
批注：这两个例句中，第一个例句从句用过去式got home，主句用过去完成时had already gone to bed。
第二个例句中，从句用一般现在是，主句用将来完成时。
“by+时间”还可以构成各种短语，在句子中作时间状语：
By then(截止那时); by nine o’clock（截止9点钟）
By the end of last year（截至去年年底）； by last year（截止去年）；
By the end of next year（截止明年年底）
扩展：
三、时间状语从句高考重难点突破
when, while和as的区别：
1.
Eg.
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.
当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词)
批注：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
Eg.
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）
批注：While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。
Eg.
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
批注：As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。
In some places women are expected to earn money______men work at home and raise their children.
A.but B.while C.because D.though
when, while和as的区别：
2.
Eg.
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。
（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
批注：注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；
如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。
After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。
when, while和as的区别：
3.
Eg：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
批注：since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。
It is almost five years____ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
扩展：
1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)
Eg. It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。
2. It is +before…(。。。才)
Eg. It was a long time before I went to sleep again. 过了很长时间我才睡着。
It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.
过了一个小时，警察才来。
when, while和as的区别：
4.
Eg.
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.
太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
批注：hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。
课堂练习1（建议 10 分钟）:
1. It was quiet ________ those big trucks started coming through the town.
A. before B. after C. until D. unless
2. It seemed only seconds ________ the boy finished washing his face.
A. when B. before C. after D. even if
3. Hardly had he reached the school gate ________ the bell rang.
A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as
4.We were told that we should follow the main road _____ we reached the central railway station.
A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever
5. I recognized you ________ I saw you at the airport.
A. the moment B. while C. after D. once
课堂练习2：
1. 那位科学家认为，还要好几年这个理论才能付诸于实践。(before)
2. 每次叫他做家务，他总是假装在看书。(every time)
3.互联网是个人电脑发明以来最重要的进步。（since）
4.如果你一收到消息就能给我答复的话，我将不胜感激。(the moment)
5.我们正在散步突然下起了大雨。（when）
2. 原因状语从句
1）Because, since, as和for的区别
1）语气：都可意为“因为”，但在语气上，because表示内在的、必然的因果关系，语气最强。其次是since，as, for。
Eg. He has to leave because it is too late.
批注：because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。
Eg. You needn’t go with me, as you are busy.
As I was afraid, I hid myself.
批注：as用来表示原因时，只说明一般的因果关系，语气没有because重，它所引导的从句，可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。
2）词性：Because, since, as都是从属连词。
For是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，for引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。
He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)
A. and B. for C. but D. or
3）位置：
Eg. I went to see him, for I had something to tell him.
我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。
As it was late, I had to go.
由于太晚了，我必须走了。
Since everybody is here, let's begin.
既然大家都知道了，我们开始吧。
A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so B. but C. and D. for
2）。原因状语从句易错点
原因状语从句注意事项：
1）as与since, now that —样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位干主句前，且均不可用于强调结构中被强调。
2）当表示直接的因果关系，回答why时，或有only, just, all, partly, not, but等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用because。
3）for有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位干后面，不能位于句首，切前面要有都好与前一分句分开，对前一分句加以解释或推断。
4）不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。
课堂练习1：
1. ______ he was eating, he remained silent.
A. Since B. For C. While D. Because
2. ______ we have come, let’s stay and enjoy it.
A. For B. As C. Because D. Since
3. Mary came to France in 1980 and it wasn’t long ______ she became a French citizen.
A. while B. since C. before D. when
4. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. As D. While
5. He can’t have gone out, ______ the light is still on.
A. because B. since C. as D. for
课堂练习2：
1.既然经济舱位的票很畅销，我们应尽快打电话到售票处询问一下，以免坐失良机。(now that)
2.中国达人秀(China Talent Show) 吸引了成千上万名各个年龄层的人，因为它给普通人以展示自我的机会。(because)
3.谈判双方只关心各自利益，且对各自应承担的责任意见相左，至今没有在该问题上达成最终协定。 (As…)
3. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句的引导词
引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, however (=no matter how), even if（即使），whether... or（不论……还是）等连词。
Eg. The speech is good, though it could be better.
这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。
He went out even though it was raining.
尽管下着雨，他还是出去了。
1. 让步状语从句常见的引导词：
1）Though和although: 都表示“尽管…”的意思
（×）: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
（√） : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
（×）: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
（√）: Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
批注：两者都当虽然讲，但从以上两个例句来看，两者且都可以与yet/still连用，但是不能与but连用。
although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多；
though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
注意：
Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A. whether B. although C. for D. so
______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest
him.
A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as
2）as意为“虽然，尽管……”
Eg. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.
Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….
1. 名词提句首时，不加冠词：
e.g：Teacher as he is ,he likes Chinese very much
2. though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：
e.g It was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.
那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。
____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
3）ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
批注：even if/even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导的让步状语从句的内容既可以是事实，也可以是一种假设。
4）whatever， whoever， wherever， whenever， however等引导意为“无论……，都……”
Eg. No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
批注：要注意连词在让步状语从句中所作的句子成分，例句中，whatever在句中作主语，另外，还要注意从句的语序。
To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with.
A. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever
you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
5）while意为“尽管，虽然”
eg. While I admit his good points I can see his bad.
尽管我承认他的长处,但我也看到了他的不足。
批注：以上两个例句中，while引导让步状语从句, 多用于句首。意为“尽管,虽然”。while还常常作并列连词用,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折，如下句所示：
Eg. There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。（表示对比）
__________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While
课堂练习1：
1. ________ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever
2. Hard-working though he was, ________ there was never enough money to pay the bills.
A. / B. and C. but D. therefore
3. Much hard ________ he tried，he flailed to catch up with the first runner.
A. although B. as C. while D. when
4. ________ , I have to put it away and focus (集中)my attention on study this week.
A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing
5. ________ he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually in the way.
A. Although B. Unless C. Because D. When
课堂练习2：
1.虽然全球性的金融危机使就业问题雪上加霜，大学毕业生还是对未来充满信心。（Although）
2.学习中我们遇到任何困难都不能半途而废。 (whatever)
3.不管你是反对还是赞成这个计划，明天中午12点以前你得投票。（Whether）
4.虽然困难重重，但他父母还是设法及时赶到了上海。( despite )
_____ he was tired after the daily hard work, Mo Yan was hungry for books. (杨浦一模
2._____his 1-year-old smart phone still works perfectly, he feels the need to replace it.(闵行一模)
3. ___________ difficulties we may come across in carrying out this plan, we’ll work together to overcome them. （长宁二模）
4. ______ ______ the volunteers have to consider their own problems, they are still encouraged by the spirit.（崇明二模）
5. ________ you are in a speech contest or you are giving a talk in class, a little preparation will make your presentation organized and dynamic.（杨浦二模）
6._____ _____kids are spending an hour and a half at a sports practice, most aren’t getting all the activity they need for the day. (黄浦一模)
7. English is a course for anyone in university, ______ his or her major or previous educational qualifications are. (徐汇一模)
8. It will be the first concern of the government to set a limit on the birthrate, _____ the consequences may be. (松江一模)
9. English is a course for anyone in university, ______ his or her major or previous educational qualifications are. (徐汇一模)
10. You had better conduct the experiment_____ your professor have instructed you; otherwise you may fail to complete it. (徐汇一模)
11. The elderly patients still prefer the traditional way, _____ online booking system is supposed to be convenient and fast. (杨浦一模)
12. The song “Happy Birthday” is ______ simple in rhythm that children as young as three can sing it without difficulty. (闸北一模)
13._______ born in Toronto, Canada, the author is most famous for the stories about New York City. (长宁一模)
14. It was thirty years_______ he was invested as an outstanding alumnus to celebrate the 128th anniversary of the university. (长宁一模)
15. ______you write on a subject, you join in an ongoing, trans-historical conversation with others who have written about your topic. (长宁一模)
16. (全国卷II)19. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
17. (江西卷)29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or_________ it is convenient to you
18. (四川卷)4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.
19. (四川) As is reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
20. (辽宁卷)29. He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
21.(天津卷)5. regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
22.(重庆)30 To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with.
23.(湖南卷) Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______ _______he had done something very clever.
24. (全国卷I，25)I don’t believe we’ve met before, _____ I must say you do look familiar.
25.（湖南卷)_____ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
26. (北京卷，21)─Look at those clouds!
─Don’t worry. _____ _____it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
27. (陕西卷)Hot __the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
28. (四川)7.He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _____ _____ he wants to.
29. (山东)28. _________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
30. (天津)5. _______ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
A Night Out
Michelle walked out the theater humming (哼唱) a tune. She’d just seen a wonderful musical at the beautiful Paramount Theater. (25) ________ she closed her eyes, she could still see the beautiful costumes and stage sets. It was now after 11 p.m., and she really didn’t like being out late by (26) ________. Since no one else had wanted to go to the show, she (27) ____ ____ go alone. She headed down the dark Seattle Street toward her car. No car. The parking space was empty. ‘That’s odd,’ she thought. ‘Am I on the wrong street?’ She checked the street signs. No, she was on Pine Street. And she was sure that this was (28) ________ she’d left her car. But her car was nowhere to be seen. She began to feel nervous. Someone had stolen her car! What was she going to do?
Should she call the police or call someone to give her a ride? She decided to call someone. She took out her cell phone only (29) ________ (find) that her battery was dead! Now what? Maybe she could take a cab. She only had $1 in cash (30) ________ she checked every corner of her wallet. And to her horror, her credit card was missing! Then she remembered. She’d ordered something on the Internet and left the card by her computer. She headed back toward the theater and the lights on Pike Street. Then she saw something familiar. Her car! She realized she (31) ___________ (park) on Pike Street not Pine Street! Once again (32) ________ (sing) a song from the show, she got into her car and headed home.
(B)
The Koran
Most religions have some kind of holy text on which the religious beliefs are based. For Christians this text is the Holy Bible; for Jews it is the Torah and for Muslims it is the Koran.
Muslims believe that the Koran (33) ________ (consist) of revelations from God to Muhammad during the years 610 to 632 when Muhammad died. These revelations were written down by those (34) ________ were close to him during this time and for several years after his death. They were gathered into the text (35) ________ (know) as the Koran during the years 630 to 650.
The interpretation of the Koran has always been a difficult task, even for Islamic scholars. For example, the meanings of some words are determined by dots above the vowels(元音). In ancient Arabic, however, very often these dots (36) ________ (omit). As a result some letters looked identical. Thus, the meanings of these words depended in many cases (37) ________ the memories of the men who had written them. Early Muslims had to try to get the exact meanings of the words (38) ________ these people died and it was too late.
Unlike the Bible, in which the events are provided in time order, there is no reference to (39) ________ things occurred in the Koran. In any case, unlike the Bible, most the suras - sections - are composed of orders and warnings. Unlike in the Bible, there are very few stories in the Koran.
Muslims believe that by (40) ________ (recite) the book, they create a holy atmosphere, and there are many Muslims who have learned the Koran by heart.
课后作业
．翻译练习【★★★★】
1.药品没有广告说得那么有效, 我服了药后, 没有缓解我的咳嗽。(as…as…) (黄埔二模)
2.虽然经理尽力想挽留他，但看来他去意已决。（seem）(浦东二模)
3.尽管时光荏苒，但和同学们一起为进入理想大学而苦读书的日子仍然是他难忘的记忆。(admit) (崇明二模)
4. 虽然大家对整容的看法在某种程度上已有所转变，但必须承认它带来的风险。（Although）(徐汇二模)
5.我们从不怀疑现在学的东西越多，将来就能工作得越好。(the more…, the more… ) (金山一模)
6. 人们对像手机和电脑这样的电子产品早已司空见惯，以致于很难想象没有它们生活会变成什么样。（such…as…）(虹口)
7.与第二代产品相比，虽然ipad3外观没有太大的变化，但功能得到了较大的提升。(though) (二模)
(A)
In job interviews, we’re often asked about our strengths and weaknesses. And, as a matter of fact, most of us know automatically how to respond.
Common wisdom tells us to use faux weaknesses, which means things that are strengths described as negatives and turned into positives. You might even be able to change your weakness into a skill for a job you’re not fully qualified for.
In America, in a championship game you are unlikely to see athletes showing weakness. If the athletes become hurt in this game, they will hide their injuries — they don’t want their competitors to know their weak spots. But there is absolutely no need for us to act like this in business affairs.
At work and in business, you can have shortcomings because these can be overcome and turned into strengths. The only fatal thing is to not realize that all your weaknesses can be made strong. Of course, to make up for shortcomings, you must first be aware of what your weaknesses really are.
Have you ever wondered what has happened when you interview for a job you’re fully qualified for, but it goes to someone who doesn’t seem to be qualified at all? How would that person get the job when he had none of the qualifications listed in the job ad?
That applicant figured out the business pain point that is seldom, if ever, mentioned in the job ad, and then how to address it. He didn't talk about how he met each of the requirements on the job ad. He had none of the qualifications He asked questions instead. He asked probing (探询的) questions to learn more about the business pain. By doing so, this less-qualified person soon learned that the hiring managers needed something different from what was listed in the job ad.
Not accepting the job ad as an unquestionable truth is the key. There is no reason to think that hiring managers actually know what they need when they write job ads. They may need someone completely different from what they describe. That is why you can get a job that you’re not qualified for.
66. The underlined word “faux” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. incorrect B. illogical C. false D. imaginary
67. What exactly does the author advise you to do when you are a weak candidate for a job?
A. Don’t ask questions if you think you are a weak candidate.
B. Ask questions about the job until you find you have something to offer.
C. Don’t let your interviewer know your weaknesses but tell him your strengths.
D. Ask questions according to the job description to see if you can be a qualified candidate.
68. Why does the author think an applicant can get a job that he’s not qualified for?
A. Because hiring managers may change their mind in the job interview.
B. Because hiring managers may actually need someone who can ask questions.
C. Because the applicant may not know that he actually has the required qualifications.
D. Because hiring managers may not know what they actually need when writing the ad.
69. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. You can change you weaknesses into strengths in job interviews.
B. Don’t expose your weaknesses but show your strengths in job interviews.
C. Find out the business pain point not mentioned in the job ad in job interviews.
D. Hiring managers usually don't know what qualifications they really need.
(B)
TFK Extras
TIME For Kids has teamed up with a number of respected partners to bring you programs that will help inspire you and your students. Featuring games, contests and lively activity suggestions, our partner programs will add a wealth of possibilities to your classroom.
Penguin Group
Ordinary People Change The World!
Penguin Group and TFK have partnered together to help teachers show their students how they can make the world a better place. Based on the inspiring lives of historic figures including Amelia Earhart, Rosa Parks, Abraham Lincoln and Albert Einstein, this fascinating program takes a look at the real life stories of ordinary young people who grew up to become extraordinary adults!
Download the classroom poster provided below.
Classroom Poster: You Can Be a Hero, too.
Star Wars Rebels
Join the Rebellion!
Experience the Disney XD show Star Wars Rebels to get your students excited about exploration, teamwork, and science. Inside the program's student guide you’ll discover classroom resources, such as a board game, a word scramble, and facts about the moon and lunar eclipses(月蚀)．Plus: Background about the Star Wars Rebels characters illustrates how teamwork can help students accomplish even the toughest missions. Download the student guide below.
TFK Extra: Join the Rebellion!
Ultimate Spiderman
Every Great Story Starts with a Hero!
TIME For Kids teamed up with the creators of Disney XD's, Ultimate Spiderman, to encourage kids to take the initiative and become everyday heroes.
This four page student magazine includes interesting tidbits (花边新闻)about the creation and evolution of the Marvel Comics super hero character Spider-Man, as well as facts of interesting real-life spiders. Students are also encouraged to solve a challenging “Spider-Cycle” maze (迷宫) and uncover a mystery clue hidden within a “Spider Search” puzzle.
TFK Extra: Every Great Story Starts with a Hero!
The Mysterious Island
Discover Your Island of Ideas!
TIME For Kids has partnered with the creators of the film The Mysterious Island to introduce creativity and imagination through the “Island of Ideas” program. The Teacher’s Guide provides discussion starters, in-class activities and four reproducibles (复制道具) that will help lead students on a discovery adventure. The poster front encourages students to solve mysterious clues that will lead them to the Ultimate Mysterious X. Students will enjoy uncovering the treasure of ideas that await them in this program.
Classroom Poster: Discover Your Island of Ideas!
70. Penguin Group and TFK have partnered together to ______.
A. show students the inspiring lives of historic figures
B. make the world a better place for teachers and students
C. provide teachers with some useful materials and information
D. help students know that ordinary people can change the world
71. To accomplish the exciting program Star Wars Rebels, students need to ______.
A. complete a tough mission B. have the spirit of rebellion
C. have the spirit cooperation D. explore the moon and lunar eclipses
72. What’s the chief purpose of the magazine Ultimate Spiderman?
A. To encourage kids to learn about facts of interesting real-life spiders.
B. To activate kids to become everyday heroes in real life.
C. To tell interesting tidbits about the creation and evolution of Spider-Man.
D. To solve a challenging “Spider-Cycle” maze and uncover a mystery clue.
73. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Mysterious Island is a film made by TIME For Kids and its partner.
B. The “Island of Ideas” program aims to cultivate creativity and imagination.
C. Teacher’s Guide includes students’ discussions, activities and reproducibles.
D. Ultimate Mysterious X encourages students to uncover the treasure of ideas.
(C)
Mapping Antarctica
Antarctica was the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle believed that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They thought it was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita (Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s ---- after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica ---- that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent, which is one-and-a-half times the size of the U.S..
While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes ---- and later, satellites --- to chart Antarctica’s vast interior (内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that can still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.
Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center (PGC), which is based at the University of Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a backpack. The camera records images in all directions. “It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 t0 12 hours each day,” says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.” According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educational apps for museums.
The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant high-tech helium (氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they will hurt anyone when they fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleher and colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.
Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continue to be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.
74. From the passage, we can infer that Antarctic was on the map in the 1500s when ______.
A. mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S.
B. Aristotle named the continent Terra Incognita
C. no one had ever seen or been to the continent
D. it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to
75. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild.
B. The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites.
C. It is relatively easy to map Antarctica's coastline by ships.
D. Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.
76. The Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) works with Google initially ______.
A. to capture images of Antarctica for Street View
B. to test the company's Trekker technology
C. to create educational apps for museums
D. to hike for an incredible experience
77. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about ______.
A. satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the ice
B. a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instruments
C. how to safely approach the researchers’ field camp and the balloon
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