Unit 5 预习新知早知道 同步教材讲解 【新教材】外研版（2019）英语选择性必修第一册

这是一份Unit 5 预习新知早知道 同步教材讲解 【新教材】外研版（2019）英语选择性必修第一册，共2页。

Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.seed A．v.产生，创造
( )2.centimetre B．v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于
( )3.generate C．n.种子，籽
( )4.blame D．adj.原始的，低等的
( )5.primitive E．n.厘米
[答案] 1－5 CEABD
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.be t blame A．是耻辱，是丢脸的事
( )2.adapt t B．源于……的，原产于……
( )3.be a disgrace C．适用于
( )4.be native t D．导致
( )5.lead t E．该受责备
[答案] 1－5 ECABD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．distant adj.遥远的
2．sample n．样本
3．suspect v．猜想，怀疑
4．ancestr n．祖先
5．gat n．山羊
6．characteristic n．特征，特性
7．decline v．减少
8．rt n．根
9．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)
10．link v．把……联系起来；连接
Ⅰ.语境填空
detect；generate；decline；primitive；centimetre；link；blame；characteristic；sample；rt
1．The length f this pencil is seventeen centimetres.
2．What d we knw abut the bnds that link them?
3．They fund a primitive tl in the muntain.
4．I have n ne t blame but myself fr what I have dne.
5．The US investment bank thinks prices will decline until well int next year befre recvering in the secnd half f 2009.
6．Genes determine the characteristics f every living thing.
7．Fr security reasn，we have generated a cmplicated passwrd fr yu.
8．The shipment des nt check with the sample.
9．This is an instrument that can detect small amunts f radiatin.
10．The rt f this dead tree has been gnawed away by ants.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Can yu distinguish the bjects in the distance(distant)?
2．The plice will keep an eye pen fr the suspected(suspect) terrrists.
3．I like seeded/seedless(seed) grapes.
4．This is her ancestral(ancestr) hme.
5．We'll explre new methds f incme generatin(generate)．
6．Nne f us is entirely blameless(blame) in this matter.
7．I'm afraid smething have been primitively(primitive) prgrammed.
8．Early detectin(detect) f cancers is very imprtant.
1．The captain f the ship，the Beagle，wanted smene wh wuld“prfit by the pprtunity f visiting distant cuntries yet little knwn”．
“贝格尔号”船长需要个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。
2．The persn wh answered the call was nt the captain's first chice.
来应聘的人不是船长的首选。
3．The yung man in questin，Charles Darwin，was a gelgist and naturalist...
所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家……
4．At that time，peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time，and had nt changed since.
当时，人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的，并且从出现以来就没有过变化。
5．This happens when a plant，say a bean plant，gets attacked by insects.
这种情况发生在一棵植物，比如一棵豆秧，受到昆虫伤害的时候。
词语助读
①prfit v．获益；获利
②distant adj.遥远的
③degree n．学位
④What's mre再者
⑤disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱
⑥despite prep.尽管
⑦lead t导致；通向
⑧scientific adj.科学的
⑨discvery n．发现
[1]句中的predicting...是现在分词作定语，修饰a letter。
⑩Charles Darwin查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文(1809年2月12日至1882年4月19日)，英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人。出版《物种起源》。
⑪gelgist n．生物学家
⑫naturalist n．博物学家
⑬fascinate v．入迷
be fascinated by对……入迷
⑭living adj.活的
⑮be crwded with挤满……
⑯sample n．样本
⑰cme t exist存在
⑱at the same time同时
⑲be similar t和……相似
⑳evlve v．进化
eq \(○,\s\up2 (21))adapt t适应
eq \(○,\s\up2 (22))inspire v．激励；鼓舞
eq \(○,\s\up2 (23))evidence n．证据；根据
eq \(○,\s\up2 (24))Galapags Islands大龟群岛，是厄瓜多尔位于太平洋、距陆地本土1 200公里的一个省，由十几个火山岩岛屿组成，人口不足2万。
eq \(○,\s\up2 (25))a variety f多种多样的
eq \(○,\s\up2 (26))accrding t根据，按照
eq \(○,\s\up2 (27))available adj.可利用的，可得到的
[2]句中的what引导宾语从句，作介词t的宾语。
eq \(○,\s\up2 (28))suspect v．怀疑
[3]that引导宾语从句，which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a cmmn ancestr。
eq \(○,\s\up2 (29))cmpletely adv.完全地
eq \(○,\s\up2 (30))shcked adj.感到震惊的
shcking adj.令人震惊的
eq \(○,\s\up2 (31))cnvincing adj.令人信服的
[4]如此……以至于；that引导结果状语从句。
eq \(○,\s\up2 (32))be regarded as被认为是
原文呈现
A Jurney f Discvery
The captain f the ship，the Beagle，wanted smene wh wuld “prfit① by the pprtunity f visiting distant② cuntries yet little knwn”．The persn wh answered the call was nt the captain's first chice.It was a yung man wh had left medical schl withut cmpleting his degree③.What's mre④，he had recently received a letter frm his father predicting that he wuld be “a disgrace⑤ t yurself and all yur family”．[1]Despite⑥ all this，his adventures n this ship wuld lead t⑦ ne f the mst imprtant scientific⑧ discveries⑨ f all time.
The yung man in questin，Charles Darwin⑩，was a gelgist⑪ and naturalist⑫，fascinated⑬ by rcks，plants and animals.He left England n the ship，the Beagle，in 1831.The jurney gave him the chance t study varius living⑭ things in their natural envirnments.After Darwin had spent sme time in Suth America，his rm n the ship was crwded with⑮ samples⑯ f the plants and animals he had cllected.As he studied these，he asked himself the questin: hw did different species cme t exist⑰？
At that time，peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time⑱，and had nt changed since.But Darwin began t think differently.He nticed that sme species f animals were very similar t⑲ each ther.Maybe animals evlved⑳ as they adapted t eq \\ac(○,21)their changing envirnments? It was just an idea，but enugh t inspire eq \\ac(○,22)Darwin t lk fr mre evidence. eq \\ac(○,23)
When the Beagle reached the Galapags Islands eq \\ac(○,24) in 1835，Darwin saw a variety f eq \\ac(○,25) new species，but it was the birds that interested him the mst.Darwin nticed that there was a difference between the finches n each f the islands.It seemed their beaks had evlved accrding t eq \\ac(○,26) what fd was available eq \\ac(○,27) n that particular island.[2]
Darwin suspected eq \\ac(○,28) that the finches had evlved frm a cmmn ancestr，which had arrived n the islands a lng time befre.[3]Over time，it had slwly evlved int many new species.And that was the answer t hw new species f plants and animals came t exist：they evlved frm earlier ancestrs.
It was a cmpletely eq \\ac(○,29) new idea—a thery f evlutin.Darwin explained this thery in his bk，On the Origin f Species.It was nt published until 1859 and immediately caused a strm.Many peple refused t believe that living things，including humans，had evlved frm lwer frms f life.They were shcked eq \\ac(○,30).But Darwin's scientific studies were s cnvincing eq \\ac(○,31) that mre and mre peple started t believe his thery.[4]
Tday，On the Origin f Species is regarded as eq \\ac(○,32) ne f the mst imprtant wrks ever written.It has changed ideas abut life n Earth frever.And it all began with the jurney n the Beagle.
译文参考
发现之旅
“贝格尔号”船长需要个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。应聘的人不是船长的首选。他是一个年轻人，没有完成学位课程就离开了医学院。更有甚者，他最近收到了父亲的一封信，信中预言他将是“你和你全家的耻辱”。尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。
所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物着迷。1831年，他乘“贝格尔号”离开英国。这次旅行使他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。达尔文在南美待了一段时间后，在船上他的房间里塞满了收集的动植物样本。当他研究这些的时候，他问了自己这个问题：不同物种是如何存在的？
当时，人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的，并且从出现以来就没有过变化。但达尔文开始有不同的想法。他注意到有些动物彼此非常相似。也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？这只是一个想法，但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。
1835年，当贝格尔号到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了许多新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到每一个岛上的雀科小鸟都不相同。它们的喙似乎是根据那个岛上的食物进化而来的。
达尔文怀疑这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。随着时间的推移，它慢慢进化成许多新物种。这就是植物和动物新物种如何生存的答案：它们是从早期祖先进化而来的。
这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。该书直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了一场风暴。许多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的生物都是从较低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们很震惊。但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
今天，《物种起源》被认为是有史以来人们所写出的最重要的著作之一。它永远改变了人们对地球上生命的看法。这一切都是从贝格尔号的旅程开始的。